The DSA and DMA are intended to modernize the legal framework for digital services in the European Union. The Commission announced these legislative reforms in January 2020 as part of its “Shaping Europe’s Digital Future” initiative. The DSA reforms the ecommerce directive, which was published in 2000. The purpose of the DSA, in addition to modernizing the regulation on digital services, is to “ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, in particular in relation to the provision of cross-border digital services,” with a specific focus on intermediary services. The key provisions of the DSA are: Chapter II: exemption of liability of providers of intermediary services, including exemptions for conduit, caching, and hosting services