e-Commerce Directive"), a proposal for a Regulation on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act). These proposals are expected to affect various types of providers of digital services (such as marketplaces, social media platforms, content-sharing platforms) in the European Union (the " EU") and to create a safer and more open digital space while further developing the European Single Market for digital services. The choice of a regulation that will be directly applicable in all Member States (instead of a directive) shall guarantee the implementation of uniform rights and obligations for users and providers throughout the EU and improve