SINGAPORE - Future pandemics will be more frequent and deadly, and the world cannot wait for Covid-19 to be over before it makes urgent global investments and reforms. This needs at least US$75 billion (S$101 billion) over the next five years - more than what the international community has been willing to spend, but negligible compared with the costs of another major pandemic - a committee of leading global experts told leaders of the world's largest economies gathered in Venice on Friday (July 9). The Group of 20 (G-20) panel, co-chaired by Senior Minister and Coordinating Minister for Social Policies Tharman Shanmugaratnam, among others, said pandemics will cost governments 700 times what it is proposing in yearly additional international investments.