And theyre worth trillions of dollars. What makes them so valuable . What is in that . Well, that is a electric vehicle battery in a rock. The worlds most powerful countries are preparing to harvest it. So why isnt america . Thats our story tonight. ticking nearly half of all Syrian Refugees are children. More than three million of them. How old are you guys . We visited refugee camps in jordan. Six. When it was 111 degrees. There was no Running Water, no indoor plumbing, but there was a brandnew sesame street produced with characters that these Young Refugees can learn from as so many kids in america have for years. ticking im lesley stahl. Im bill whitaker. Im anderson cooper. Im scott pelley. Those stories and more, tonight, on 60 minutes. ticking we still need glasses on table ten. A Family Business should stay in the family. See how lincolns Insurance Solutions can help protect your family, your business and everyone who counts on you, at lincolnfinancial. 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Like free vitamins, pain relievers, sunscreen and more. I like the gummies. 0 copays on common prescriptions plus 150 in wellness products. Go ahead, take advantage. Pelley thursday, a high school in santa clarita, california, was the scene of the 366th mass shooting in america this year. Each seems to reignite the debate over gun legislation. In recent years, 17 states and the district of columbia have adopted red flag laws which allow the confiscation of firearms if a gun owner raises a red flag with threatening behavior. California adopted red flag in 2016. And theres been a big Movement Toward the law recently with 12 states adopting it in the 21 months since the High School Shooting in parkland, florida. Colorado is one of them but, in defiance, nearly half of the states counties have declared themselves Second Amendment sanctuaries. Colorados red flag law takes effect new years day. The story of how it works and why its fiercely debated begins with a tragedy new years eve, 2017. Apartment 24 was a headache for Douglas County sheriffs deputies in the suburbs of denver. Zack parrish whats going on tonight . Pelley theyd met the resident, mathew riehl, before. Matt riehl rape rape pelley with each dispatch, deputies were reminded riehl was mentally ill, hostile and armed. Parrish if you keep yelling like that, i will take you to jail for disorderly conduct. Pelley he hadnt been violent, but that morning, hed live streamed threats and talked of guns. Riehl yes, i i do have some weapons. I own firearms. I have been, you know, i have, ive had some scotch. Pelley deputies believed riehl was suffering a mental breakdown. Riehl they were stalkin. Why are they knocking . They are still knocking. Pelley riehl hadnt broken the law, so deputies could only take him into protective custody for a mental evaluation. Instead, riehl barricaded himself. Riehl go away parrish open the door i warned you identify pelley Deputy Zack Parrish hit the door. Parrish Sheriffs Office riehl whats your name . gun shots parrish back up, back up get out get out get out shots fired shots fired hes down. Hey, im going in cover me pelley in a 96minute shootout, five officers were hit. Riehls bullets flew through walls and wounded two neighbors. gunfire weve got three officers hit. One down pelley Deputy Zack Parrish was killed, leaving a wife, a fouryear old and an 18month old. Matt riehl died with 19 legally owned firearms including assault rifles, a combat shotgun, and pistols. He had fired 185 rounds. He had 1,067 left. Tony spurlock we had been dealing with this individual for almost two months. We had done a lot of things to try to intervene. But there were no tools available to us to do that. Pelley the casualties Douglas County sheriff Tony Spurlock suffered made him a leading advocate for the red flag law which allows Law Enforcement to ask a judge for an extreme Risk Protection order. The order requires a gun owner to temporarily give up his weapons. If the extreme risk protective order had been available to you then, do you think you would have asked for one . Spurlock probably a month before, we wouldve been able to intervene and, in my opinion, most likely would have saved two lives. We wouldve saved the suspects lives and we would have saved zacks life. Pelley the Red Flag Movement began after Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012. Mental Health Experts and gun Safety Advocates wrote a model law which most of the red flag states adopted. Among the authors was josh horwitz, who leads the coalition to stop gun violence. Josh horwitz this is a law that is a temporary civil restraining order that allows Family Members or Law Enforcement to go to a court and remove the most lethal means a firearm before a tragedy occurs. And if the judge agrees and issues the order, Law Enforcement will go and serve the order on the respondent, remove the firearms, and then somewhere between seven and 21 days everybody will come back to court. Therell be a full hearing. If the person, in fact, is dangerous to self or others, the firearms will be kept by Law Enforcement, and that person wont have access to them for a year. Judge do you solemnly swear or affirm the testimony you are about to give . Pelley this is a red flag hearing in the state of washington. I do. Judge alright thanks, okay. Okay, whenever you are ready counsel. Wyatt officer coles, can you tell the court why you petitioned for an extreme Risk Protection order in this case . Coles yes. Pelley as with most red flag cases, the police have filed a sworn affidavit alleging threatening behavior by a gun owner. The respondent was now making threats that if Police Showed up to the house, he would kill them first, and then take his own life. We have a search warrant to search the premises. Pelley on the judges order, weapons are taken into Police Custody and the gun owner is temporarily banned from buying another gun. Horwitz they have the right to testify. They have the right to cross examine witnesses. This is something with court rules, with rules of evidence, with judicial oversight, this is the kind of thing which is a thoughtful, welldeveloped process to intervene when it matters most. The law requires the gun be returned to the owner in no more than one year. During that year, the owner can appeal. If there is still a concern at the end of the year, a judge can renew the order based on new evidence. How does this law compare to the kind of temporary restraining orders that we see when a spouse is concerned about being beaten or killed by their loved one . Horwitz in a Domestic Violence law, you can not only lose your firearm, but you can be prevented from going into your own home. You can be prevented from seeing your kids. What were dealing with, extreme risk law, is very narrow. Get the firearm out of an explosive situation before its too late. Mark dreher if only we could have kept those guns away from him until he could grow up a little bit. Pelley mark dreher knew about red flag laws, but colorado didnt have one in 2017 when Mental Illness overwhelmed his son. Dreher there you go, chris. Pelley chris drehers family, near boulder, was devoted to his care. Psychologists, psychiatrists, medication but chris was tortured by anxiety. Dreher he worked at a place and he bought a pistol from one of his coworkers. His longterm psychologist said that he should not have any guns because he had Suicidal Ideation at that point. So we took em away, took it away and locked it up. But then he started telling me that, well, he could just go out and buy another one. Pelley and so, you were faced with the reality that he could ha ge dreher yes. I made a deal with him. I said, ill give you the guns back, but you have to let me put trigger locks on the guns, and ill have the keys. And he found a way to get iem off. And one one night, you know, when he was having some issues, apartments. And. And he committed suicide that night. Pelley how old was he . Dreher 20. Pelley 20. Dreher 20. 20yearsold. Pelley suicides and memories of massacres including columbine and the aurora theater pushed colorados red flag law forward against heavy resistance. Shane sandridge you dont just take away peoples guns. Pelley the bill failed in the republican senate. Tom sullivan we need to save some lives. Pelley then it passed when voters gave both houses to democrats. Now the law has become colorados political great divide. Steve wells youve got the people that live in the city that has this idea that it is a good thing. But i think, more importantly, this is a political issue where its a vote getting issue. Pelley steve wells family has been ranching since 1888. Hes among those who feel politically powerful cities are trying to corral the countryside. So whats a better idea . Wells well, i think one of the things we really gotta start lookin at is individual responsibility. If i have a Family Member, and i think for any reason that Family Member is gonna be an issue with a firearm, were gonna go takei em away from him. Weve become so dependent on government making all the answers for everybody. Steve reams the Second Amendment is what gives us the power to stand here on the steps of this capitol and push back pelley dozens of sheriffs in colorado have dug in their heels, including bill elder and steve reams. Reams there are portions of the law i just flat out cant and wont do. Pelley this is a law that was passed by the legislature. Its signed by the governor. Nobody asked you. Reams thats right. Pelley youre just expected to do your job. And enforcing the law is your job. Reams right. And i also take an oath of office that says, ill support the u. S. Constitution, the constitution of the state of colorado and then, ill enforce the laws of the state of colorado. When those things are in conflict, you know, you have to decide which one you are going to adhere to. Pelley are you prepared to get locked up in your own jail . Reams that is something that could happen. A judge could order me to my own jail. You know, i would be the one litigating that issue, and well determine at that point if this red flag law is constitutional. Pelley opponents say red flag violates the right to bear arms, the right to due process and the right against unreasonable search and seizure. Some sheriffs say they wont ask for a red flag order and if they receive one from a judge, they wont enforce it. If you decline to enforce one of these orders and people die, wont the county be liable for the damages . Reams if Law Enforcements only objective is to go take someones firearms and that person still goes out and commits violence, do you think that we would then be off the hook for any damage that they would inflict . No, people would still look at Law Enforcement and say, why did you only take their guns . Why didnt you deal with the person . Pelley bill elder told us the legislature aimed at the wrong target. Bill elder we need to have funding for Meaningful Mental Health assessments and treatment. There just are no programs. The state hospitals are full. The local hospitals are not equipped for it. Jails tend to be the warehousing for people in crisis. Pelley jails are the new asylums. Elder i have 1,700 inmates. Anywhere from 50 to 60 of those inmates suffer from some form of Mental Health issue. 64 counties have declared themselves, symbolically, Second Amendment sanctuaries. County c in the county that lost zack parrish, Tony Spurlocks deputy. They do not agree with you. Spurlock no, they dont, but i asked them, and they have yet to answer me this question, what does a Second Amendment sanctuary county mean . Does that mean everybody gets to carry a gun . Those who already have restraining orders . The sex offender thats registered down the street here from my office . Its a clever term, but it literally means nothing. The laws of the state of colorado and the United States are laws to be followed by all elected officials. Pelley there have been court challenges, in other states, based on the second and fifth amendments but, so far, red flag laws have been ruled constitutional. You are required to relinquish the firearm. Yeah, i understand that. Pelley a study in indiana, published this year, by the journal of the American Academy of psychiatry and the law estimates that for every ten red flag orders, one life is saved. Springfield, thats it. Perfect. Alright. We have got an active shooter, saugus high school. Pelley police in california are investigating whether any threats were made by the 16 yearold behind thursdays High School Shooting, but a study from the university of california, davis, credits red flag with stopping 21 potential mass murders in california over the last three years. In colorado, a lawsuit is attempting to prevent the red flag law from taking effect january 1. The name of the law is the Zackari Parrish violence prevention act, in memory of Tony Spurlocks fallen deputy. Would you describe yourself as progun rights . Sock im pro rights. Im a Second Amendment guy. Pelley then how can you support this . Spurlock this is not about taking guns away. This is about giving a respite time, a time for someone who is in danger and may not be making rational decisions at this point, an opportunity to stay alive. Thr Family Members. An opportunity not to hurt lets eliminate as much danger as we can so we can get that individual some care and treatment. ticking saturdays happen. Pain happens. Aleve it. Aleve is proven stronger and longer on pain than tylenol. When pain happens, aleve it. All day strong. Choose the longest lasting thiaa battery. Son music energizer ultimate lithium backed by science. Matched by no one. At to cover the essentialsyou have in retirement, as well as all the things you want to do. Because when youre ready for what comes next, the only direction is forward. Its the gift that keeps on new ultimate steak from subway. Savory garlic herb butter spread. And mozzarella bubbling to perfection. Try it before ultimate season is over. Whitaker picture a lump of rock about the size of a potato. Now pack it with some of the most valuable metals on earth, like nickel, cobalt, and other minerals known as rare earth elements. There are trillions of these nodules thats what theyre called just waiting to be the problem is theyre on the bottom of the pacific ocean. The nodules were discovered more than a century ago. Now, new technology has triggered a fierce competition to go get them. These metals are critical for modern life cell phones, electric cars, supercomputers. 19 countries, including china and russia, have already jumped into the deep. But the one country on the sidelines . The United States. More on that in a moment, but first, we wanted to take a look at this new frontier. Our adventure began at three in morning. Loading up our tugboat, we pulled out of san diego. The Harbor Lights sank quickly behind us. Ten hours later we were cutting, with nothing to see but the tossing ocean. So it wasnt hard to spot the maersk launcher, a 300 foot Mining Research vessel, that wed come to join. All we had to do was get on board. While the launcher dangled a rope ladder above us, the tugboat backed in. With swells over ten feet, timing was everything. At the top of the wave, we took a leap of faith. And landed in the new world of deep sea mining. Gerard baron hey, preben. Whitaker we were travelling with gerard barron, the c. E. O. Of Canadian Company deepgreen metals. He was eager to catch up with the launchers crew. Theyd been at sea for five weeks on a test run, mapping the sea floor, and fishing for nodules. This was the sunken treasure we had come to see. So what makes them so valuable . What is in that . Barron well, that is a electric vehicle battery in a rock. Whitaker it looks like a lump of charcoal. laughs barron it does. But its a beautiful lump of lump of nodule. The amazing thing is its filled with nickel and cobalt and copper and manganese. An