Present. We condition the presence of racism and not as individual acts of discrimination but as social force. One that has brought to this particular point in history. Joining me now by skype is stanford establishment professor of psychology steve you for joing us. Roberts thank thank you. Professor roberts myself included would say we ciare not but you say the common use of the term racism is too narrow. How do you and other academics define racism. We define racism as a system of advantage based on. Ra we commonly think of racism as mistreating or dislikg others because of the color ofr th stem and hierarchy and sm as a pandemic that we are embedded in. You authored a paper with a white colleague that you outlined seven factors that contribute to racism. We wont get into them but can liyo them for us and talk about this in detail. We listed the seven factors and many to choose from to be cleabut we spoke the categories and segregation and hierarchy and power an fascism. Lets take passism first. What dome that mean . Its to be clear to set the stage that awe live nation ha has been plagued by racial hierarc. We live in a very racist country but we often dont do we anything. Re passive and we sit idly by and let the erarchy in place and thats one biggest problems that we need to stop being passive and need to actively be more anti racist. I want to dive in fact shuns different groups and a lot of people dont feel thatwain their regular lives. That is how people feel but let me walk you through a quick classic psychology experience. You take foyearolds in a lab and flip a coin and randomly assign them to groups. Right after being assigned to those groups they think the p gr like a team and coalition that they have to trust the Group Members and support their Group Members and they cant trust out Group Members. After a lifetime of being in a racial category we are in many ways ready to treat ths e groups they are coalitions. How do you move out of that . Thas a tough question. The factions, the groups in and of themselves are not bad out of Group Membership and thats great in many ways but once the teams, once that factor is coupled with other things like hierarchy and status and the media and how does it portray your group, those factors combined make that factor. Not any one single factor is the solution. Theres this broader atsystem we need to grapplewith. You use proactive and what does that look like in every day situations . I think one clear pieve of ence for reactive anti racism is what we have been seeing in the past few week people are protesting and taking to the streets and fed up by the horrific events that haveappened recently so people are reacting to that and choosing to be anti raci. Proactive racism is taking that feelings that many of us have and implementing that into some long future oriented change. Lets make sure we are t here again. How can we be proactive to save our future so to speak. Do you see an act ght now that would be proactive to advocate for . That is a tough one. We can be proactive in many ways. One that is most important as lo deental and social psychologist is parents can be proactive and having explicit conversation with ur children about race raand sm. A lot of research shown that white parents dont ratalk abou sm and that sets the kids up to not have an derstanding of thothings later on. But if we instill a standard of anti racism with children these will be the future leaders of our future generations and we create that norm now, hopefully we will have a proactive anti racist society going forward. You write that we are in a time of increasing racial inequality but arent the protests and the changes in e law thoccurred in the past few decades haevidence america is moving towards equality . There is a lot of scientif data to make sure that is not the indition. Economic inequality between white d africanamericans is increasing residential segregation against micro levels and increasing in the nation. On the surface it may seemlike we are progressing towards a post racial sociaty but the actualsuggests that we are in many ways going back. Is bad. Ingmean th there is a lot of good that is come but we are far removed from an equal society. You point to media as one of the several factors that influence american racism. How es the media perpetuate racism . I will give a ncte barn. Theres data to choose from the Communication Studies ow if you compare how often the media portrays white people and ack people as crimins or victims, compared to acal ime reports black people are overrepresented as criminals d under represented as victims and in contrast white americans are overrepresented as victims and under represted as criminals and these kinds distorted images affect our psyche and how society is structured. Recent days we have examples of sports addressing racial wrongs. Nascar is dinot laying confederate flags at races and the nfl commissioner says it ki was wrong for a knee. How are these actions impactinge a public pion of racism in society. There is a huge impact and i think that they are ve important. They are great instances of racism and politil change so we dont end up here again. I think at you know the more examples we see of that the better our society will be served. In the paper we talk about the importance of power. Now that people in positions of power set the norm and set a standard that people that follow them llfollow. Yeah . So i think the more people that take thatstand to be proactive especially in a privileged powerful position will pay dividends in the long run. Professor roberts what would a post racial erica look like . Is that possible. Or a utopian pipe dream . I dont think it is a pipe drsmm. I think raand racial hierarchy is so deeply woven into the fabric of the ths. In a post Racial Society we have to think what our nation would look like. I do think that u. S. Society would be one in which ones race is not takes place or the race is not determining your position. Andaall of the shows based on the color of your skin and racial identity your life chances and opportunities are deeply affected and i think thats an injusticand i hope that we all move towards a nation that is no longer the case. Professor Steven Roberts an stanford. Thank you for your time. Thank you. This week San Francisco mayor london reed announced that restaurants could reopen starting today r for outd dining. On monday San Francisco retailers will be allowed to reopen for door shopping for the first time in three months. E city is alsoproviding free temporary permits to low businesses to use public areas like sidewalks and Parking Spaces for Outdoor Dining and shopping. Joining me by skype is jay change the Public Policy director of the chamber of commerce and also with us buy skype is jeremy owens the San Francisco pure chief and tech editor for atmarket. Hello and thank you for being with us. Thanks for having us. Jay, lets start with you. What are you hearing about restaurants opening to patrons and the outdoor seating area. How helpful is this to them . We love a of Restaurant Owners excited to open for Outdoor Dining and a lot of challenges facing with the model. For one it is summer in San Francisco and so for a lot of folks it is freezing cold outside. So there is a question about how many customers are going to want to do Outdoor Dining during this time. That means for Restaurant Owners how many seats should they put out and waiters should they hire and many chefs should they bring back and a stronger question for the economics. Since march, we have seen 84 drop in restaurant sales. So even as restaurants have pivoted the take out or diniks or food trand very innovative in how they approached us the damage to the Restaurant Industry is in calculatable. Many challenges remain. So many it will help and not take us all the way there. Jeemy lets talk about tech s compan the bay. How are they weathering this storm. It sms likeme are layoffs and others are record highs with earnings. And some at the same time. Record high revenue and profits if you look if he ffs in s. Large Tech Companies. Ins laying off 2700 and fewer than 300 fromthe bay area according to notices with the state that they have to file. Yelp announced a thousand permant layoffs and 1100 temporary layoffs. About 250 of those, im were temporary layoffs in San Francisco and th was it r the local. And meanwhile the companys stocks have resumed and at record high and earnings at records. Tech is not affected by this. If it is affected it is positive. Interesting. Much better than other doing sectors of the economy . It was set up to be remote already. Most of the Tech Companies had people working from home part of the time. Going remote was no issue as it might have been for other industries. And then you have the fact that it is just set up. They have the people and they have to cut back beyond their core and focus on the core and that works fine and what the ceos are saying and their big talking point, they have been sang that there is Digital Transformation and people will d work remotely ing things from wherever and this is only accelerating it. This may be a boost to what they were already looking to do. Jay, the chamber of comm is putting together a play book for opening. Can you talk us through the highlights . Some of the highlights that jeremy is talking about. We are pivoting from work at home environment. Many of the larger employers and tech firms are going allow or encourage employees to work from home for the next several months and maybnext several years. Our neighborhoods dont have what it takes sustain this. Viewers have trouble signing on to zoom at the same time and the entire network crashes. We need to build up more bandwith in the neighborhood and allow fiber and close the digil divide so aspeople work at home we can sustain that kind of growth. Jeremy can you talk about how the changes to Consumer Spending will be impacting the economy long term, what are the consequences . Well, it is going to be tough to know until we see us b cok, right . There is completely different consumer behavios in the last three months than what we saw previously and people are expecting us to go back and behaviors from three months ago. But how much is permanently changed . We dont know until we open these back up. Opening back up and trying to get people to come out and spark this econoan could spark a second wave. And all of the money is betting on this being er in the next few months and returning to normal but we dont know if will return to normal and if we return anywhere close to normal we could spark anothewave of d outbreak that coshut us all down. I want to put numbers for you to comment on. In the past three months since the pandemd starin california five Million People ats about 26 of the states work force. What do the numbers say particularly now that we are officially in a ourecession . The challenges for economic recovery in the bay area . Absolutely. Those numbers speak to the growing income in equality that the pandemic has brough there are maemployees able to work from home. They tend to be higherpaid employees already. There are many employees that are not given the option to work from home. Restaurant workers and hourly workers and retail workers, they need to be on the site. Those are the unemployment claims that habeen filed. We have seeing growing inequality from the pandemic. A huge question fous as we begin the economic recovery. How do we bring them back and make them feel confident th they have Discretionary Income to spend. A huge part of the work force. One of the things at the chamber is pushing for is opening up large commissary kitchens that allow restaurants to pivot from food trucks or delivery or take out and bring the workers back earlier and allow them to work in a remote site that is safe and sanitary and allows them to come back to work. Jeremy what are the signs that you are looking for . Are the signals that market will send that we are in a sustained recovery . We will get the numberfrom may ansee how many will come back. There is that bijump in the National Unemployment or national employment. We improved in y unexpectedly. Lot of that was because the temporary e workers temporarily laid off in april or e rch were getting the pp payments. A classification thing. It will be tough to even say if those numbers will really show we are back. I think what we need to do is continue to focus on the infeion numbers and the death rate and the people in hospitals, right . We have not seen that improve in al a Alameda County but it has improved in San Francisco county. We will look to see if we can do asomething. Disadvantaged versus the higher classed tech workers to serve those people. We cant do that if they are in danger of ttg infected and potentially dying and that is horrible to do and exacerbating and need to look out for those people and make sure we t are putting them in danger. Are there specific metrics to look for to say this is the point where we have sustained Economic Growth and we are in recovery . Yes. The numbers we look at is how many Small Businesses in ansan sco or how many businesses period are operational and remain i operational. Ink jeremy brings us a great point. Businesses that are open right now, Small Businesses but bleeding out cash and the reason they are ened to maintain the Customer Base and maintain the fan loyalty and maintain the brand and it is not sustainable for them. Le to survive and as new ses be businesses relaunch, how long will they stay in business or get shut down after a second wave of infections outbreaks. We track the daily numbers to see whether an economy is going to be sustainable overe long term. Jay change, Public Policy director at the San Francisco chamber of commerce jeremy owens san frcisco chief and tech editor for mart watch. Gentlemen thank you for joining us today. Thanks for having us. This week the california departmen of edation unveiled guidelines on what School Districts should do to prepare for students returning to classes in the fall. Among the recommendations, face coverings worn by teacrs at all times and hand shg stations and, of course, social distancing. Students could alternine attendance for Person Instruction with other days of the week being observed forb Distance Learning and big challenges remain includint concerns abother spike of the pandemic in the fall that could keep kids home once again. Joining me from e skfrom richmond is Senior Editor of education and equity mcjuli voy and dr. Dan cooper a profesr of pediatrics the uc irvine and joins us from skype from irvine. Thank you for joining us. Good to be here. Jewel yang can you run through what administrators need to accomplish to get schools ready to reopen in the fall . I would say it is pretty challenging. Logistical, one hurdle after another. Boarding buses safely and nitation in the school and er who will take teures at the door when they come in and screen them and how to keep them from removing their masks y during the who is watching this and the ultimate question is what do we do if a chil orstaff member does present ill . How do we isolate them and then make sure they get picked up and how do we Contact Tracing ind teafter that . We are not real quite set up robustly to take pethat on. Aps by august when some schools reopen that will be in place but basically prea it is very detailed. These are not mandates for schools to reopen. Thse are guidelines. These are suggestions and each h district is told bstate department of education basically to work with its local Public Health department to make sure that en is the right time to reopen and under what exact circumstances ey are allowed to reopen as well. Dr. Cooper is it realistic to think that students and teachers wont be sectors of the disease consider hothey mingle and play . Thats a tough question. We dont know the answer to that yet. Theres no question that the idea has coming up because children are relatively asymptomatic, that they mainly have the infection and may be carriers. The data suggests so far that may not be the case but we really havent seen large scale studies whe the children are back in school. We have seenome studies for example, from holland. That demonstrated that the most y common transmission path from adult to child but that was during a time in h land when the shelter in place were there. Sue we do know from looking at schools around the world that there are amples of successes and there are exouples where therereaks in the schools. We dont know yet whether those outbreakappeared from the kids to the adults or from the adults to the children. This is really important and yet unanswered question. But you are in g favor of sendds back to school in the fall despite the risk of infection . Yes. I think and we have discussed this among many of my colleagues who are experts in the tranission and experts in social and behavioral that the risk of sueping children at est that you can keep them in a bubble that they wont interact withanybody. We know that is not the case. So my thought is that at least of the tughts of thework all going to it we have some ability to control interact and the fact that kids themselves are not gettinthat sick, now there are exceptions of course, the fact that the kids themselves are not getting so sick suggests to me that this is the probably the most best way to go totry to reopen the schools carefully. Julia you are following a fascinating case in m