This Biotech Brief discusses the significance of cytokine storms and methods and justifications for monitoring inflammatory mediators to prevent poor clinical outcomes, choose appropriate interventions, and reduce mortality. Pathogens, autoimmune and malignant diseases, genetic disorders, and some therapeutic interventions can lead to life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndromes—cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm (CS)—that are characterized by is a massive release of cytokines due to excessive activation of immune cells.