To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog: On April 6, 2021, the Ninth Circuit for the first time addressed a plaintiff’s burden to show predominance at the class certification stage. In Olean Wholesale Grocery Coop. v. Bumble Bee Foods LLC, the court joined the First, Second, Third, Fifth, and Seventh Circuits in holding that a plaintiff must prove predominance by a preponderance of the evidence, concluding that this standard best comports with the U.S. Supreme Court’s directive that district courts perform a “rigorous analysis” to determine whether Rule 23(b)(3) has been satisfied. The Ninth Circuit also clarified that classes may include no more than a