In MS, the immune system targets nerve cell axons that transmit signals from the brain to other parts of the body, leading to inflammation and nerve degeneration. Degeneration in certain nerve layers in the back of the eye appear to correlate with greater brain damage in MS. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of current MS therapies can be examined through their impact on these layers. In this study, researchers at the University of Sydney, in Australia, examined the impact of several approved DMTs on retinal ganglion cell loss in MS patients. To assess retinal nerve cell degeneration, they compared the thinning of three retina layers — the global peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, the temporal retinal nerve fiber layer, and the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer — over time in patients taking distinct DMTs.