1.General Background Thousands of suspected foreign fighters and hundreds of children and their caregivers have been captured in Syria and Iraq by state armed forces and non-state armed groups and transferred to detention. Additional tens of thousands of foreign women and children fled areas once controlled by ISIL/Da’esh, with approximately 31,100 Iraqi and 11,400 foreign women and children from more than 50 other countries still in camps in northeast Syria. Ninety per cent of the children in the camps are under the age of 12 and 50 per cent are under age five. All these individuals have limited access to food, medical care, clean water and other basic services. The protracted humanitarian situation in North East Syria and in detention facilities is not sustainable and living conditions are very poor, as the population in the camps suffer from a lack of adequate shelter, food, sanitation, education opportunities, healthcare, judicial processes, and prevailing insecurity and violence – all of which has been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. These conditions have resulted in the deprivation of their human rights and heightened vulnerability.