These Neanderthals Werenât Cannibals, So Who Ate Them? Stone Age Hyenas. An archaeological excavation south of Rome uncovered fossil remains of nine Neanderthals, along with the bones of hyenas, elephants and rhinoceroses. Fossilised remains in the Guattari Cave in San Felice Circeo, south of Rome.Credit...Emanuele Antonio Minerva/Italian Ministry of Culture May 8, 2021, 11:42 a.m. ET ROME â When a Neanderthal skull was discovered in a cave on the property of a beachfront hotel south of Rome in 1939, it prompted a theory, since debunked, that Neanderthals had engaged in ritual cannibalism, extracting the brains of their victims to eat.