And more ahead. France is on high alert. French police warn that sleeper cells have been activated. The most serious threat facing europe since the attacks of 9 11. The radicalization in the muslim is nothing like in france. The United States does not have a large disgruntled radicalized group. Challenges are to find the individuals on the fringes on the community. A Connecticut Court ruled that a teenager. Must under go chemotherapy. This is about my daughter make an a decision about a treatment. College football a lucrative money grab serving to pull players away from the pretense of going to class. To speak about this as amateur sports is beyond laughable. We begin with a day of mourning for the victims of the Charlie Hebdo newspaper massacre in paris. While heavily armed troops guarded the eiffel tower and other public sites and stores in paris, mourners prayed and buried ahmed merabet, the Muslim Police officer executed on the streets. Two other officers were killed in the terrorist attacks that claimed 17 lives in the paris area over three days last week. In jerusalem Prime MinisterBinyamin Netanyahu joined mourners for four french jews killed in an assault on a kosher supermarket. In bergen Angela Merkel joined the berlin Angela Merkel joined a march in support of france. Reports claim the attacks may have been planned as long as three years ago, and financed with 20,000 from al qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. The second was an incident in france leaving many that ask wh they faced similar pressures or if it happened here. Im joined from baltimore, the National President of the muslims mens association. In 2009 he was awarded the president ial Service Award for his work with muslim youth. Im joined by berkeley by steven fish author of are muslims distinctive. I want to play something that new york congressman peter copying, a member of the Homeland Community said. Our Muslim Community accepts a small personnel, part of the american main streams. Doctor i take it you think its a fair description. If a minister cool percentage of the 7 million or so muslims in the u. S. Could pose a danger how concerned should we be . Exactly. I agree with the statement. The good thing is the Muslim Community, we work with muslim youth starting from seven to aim of 40. Our youth met the french diplomats and giving them condolences. That is where the larger spectrum is. But the problem does exist. When these muslim kids are born to the parents or immigrants, they are sandwiched between two strong rhettor ecks. They go media and see a strong antiislam rhetoric. They see a bashing of their faith. They come home and hear an antiamerican rhetoric from those that detest the wars and the American Foreign policy. That is the danger where we create an unstable identity. And then they become vulnerable to the online jihadis. You have studied this. You found that muslims in the u. S. Are similar to the population as a whole. And there are big differences between the way muslim immigrants are treated in the United States and accepted. And the muslim experience in france germany and western european nations. In general, yes. Its easier in the United States than it is in some European Countries. Generally speaking around the world muslims view the United States as a more congenial place to live than at least some count flis europe. For the countries in europe. For the most part americans embrace a kind of multiculturalism. Most muslim or arabic speaking or chinese and mandarin speaking and italian, and be a fullblown american of course. Thats not necessarily true in some European Countries. Germany has an ethnic notion of citizenship and belonging. In france theres a push to assimilate populations rather than embrace multiculturalism. Theres a difference across the countries, the netherlands embraces a multiculturalism. Conditions differ across countries. In general the United States being a nation of immigrants embraces a multiculturalism making life easier i think, for recent immigrant groups and muslims than it is for much of europe. The Muslim Community in the United States is varied from 77 countries, its closer knit and European Countries. Theres an article in national review, arguing that as the numbers of muslim immigrants increase in america, so does the possibility that some muslims will join terrorists since 1992 the numbers have doubled from 50,000 to 100,000 a year. Dr eunice does that growing Muslim Community in america increase the terrorist threat . I think i disagree with that. That implies that theres inherent problems with islam, and, therefore, we should be worried about the trend. I disagree. I think its an ideological issue. There is a fringe element. We cannot deny that. There are people that condone blasphemy and apostasy laws and say you cannot be loyal living under a nonmuslim government. Once you eliminate those viruses, numbers will not mampt you can expand and go to any scale. We have seen that. Our group is established in 200 countries around the globe. Some largest, some smaller. We dont see the conflict. We address it. The question about numbers is something that people are raising. You look at michigan with a population of less than 100,000. 40 are muslim. If you look at at government document leaked two years ago. Deer born has more people on the federal terrorism watch list than a city besides new york. Professor fish do you think that that does suggest that numbers matter . Not necessarily. I actually dont believe that numbers matter all that much. I suppose in strictly mathematical terms one could say if the numbers of immigrants from name a country from france were to double that the danger of crimes committed by french people or people of french extraction in the United States would go up. It doesnt make all that much sense because we wouldnt expect french people to commit crimes disproportionately. Similarly we have a large Muslim Population in the United States. We have had little terrorism. Little islamist terrorism in the United States. 9 11 was not committed, for the most part by american citizens who were born and raised in the United States. We have had a terrorist incident in the United States the Boston Marathon bombing, committed by people by people who lived in the United States for some time. But, you know again, in is one incident. We go back several decades, and there has been very little islamist terrorism in the United States. In is especially remarkable when you consider how easy it is to commit acts of terrorism. Throwing a handmade bomb into a store or a Shopping Mall is easy. Yet it doesnt happen in the United States very often. The professor raises an issue of what generation the extremists could come from. In france the latest came from second generations growing up. The tsarnev brothers are first generation immigrants and others convicted of terrorist activities. Is it the children of immigrants that seem to be more at risk of joining radical groups than their parents . Its the children of immigrants who have the challenge of forming that dual identity. Its their challenge to be muslims and americans not muslims or minister. And, therefore, the ground reality, the root causes have to be looked at. If you look at recent polls from 2013 muslims in america face more discrimination than blacks hispanics or lbgt groups. We have developed a thick skin to that is that a trend we want to sustain. When you compound that with Foreign Policy and wars and collateral dams and you add an internet sanctioner some radical, that is the recipe im worried about. Those are the root causes. Your study found largescale terrorism is an islamist issue worldwide. You found that muslim countries as a whole are less violent than the world average. Thats right. I broke violence into several categories. One is murder rates looking at common crime, murder. We have good Cross National data, and i found that murder rates are lower in predominantly muslim countries than elsewhere. I looked at mass Political Violence civil wars things like that and found no difference between muslims and nonmuslims. When it comes to terrorism over the last couple of debates, groups that pretend to speak for islam are grossly disproportionately guilty of terrorist acts. When we take apart violence like that this is what we see. Its important to remember that terrorists acts committed in the west are not committed by especially religious muslims. Quite the opposite is true. The boston bombings were committed by young men that could not recite the first syria of the koran, people that didnt know anything about their case. We tend to identify terrorism with longbearded supposedly muslims, but if we look at the terrorists themselves whether they are operating in russia or in france for the United States very often they are people who know next to nothing about their faith. Learning something about islam from parents or the mosque and so on does not appear to be a problem. It seems like people who know more about their faith were more deeply steeped in it may be less likely to commit acts of terrorism. Thats important to keep in mind. Good to have your perspective. Thank you for joining us. Pleasure. Thank you. For more on what is happening in paris and across europe we are joined from london by a professor of International Relations and contemporary middle east studies at the London School of economics and political science, and the author of boks and editor of the new middle east protests and revolution in the arab world, his latest title the rise of is the Islamic State, and how to beat it. Great to have you on the show. I want your perspective on the discussion about the muslim experience in the United States versus europe. It has a larger issue, a larger Muslim Population. Demographic trends change rapidly. What lessons can the u. S. Learn from europe or europe learn from how the u. S. Dealt with muslims, who are fairly well assimilated here . You know you have put your tinker on some major points about the different context in the United States and europe. There is a large number of muslims in terms of the population in europe than there are in the United States. Many muslims in europe are basically relatively unskilled. They live on the fringe of society. This advantage and what you have in europe is a severe economic crisis in the last five or six years. While the u. S. Economy is vibrant, dynamic. Most muslims in america have been integrated. What you have in europe is what i call a very relatively big militant infrastructure islamist infrastructure placed since the 1980s. More radical clerics, preaches who basically brainwar the minds of some man who lives on the fringe of society. Europe is very contiguous. Its easier for a young man to buy into the ideology of jihadism. To basically purchase an Airline Ticket go to turkey and germany. To give you an idea for your own viewers, we have information, according to cred i believe forces that between 5,000 and 3,000 young european men are fighting now in iraq and syria, either with the socalled Islamic State or i. S. Or al nusra front. You have 100 minister muslims and fight in syria. This tells you about the qualitative difference between the american contacts of muslims and the european contacts of muslim communities. That is leading to fear in europe of more attacks whether from accomplices from the paris attackers. Copycats and other cells. You stressed that we cant fall into a trap of fear. I would thick that is easier said than done. Youre absolutely correct. In fact fear is a powerful beast, as you know. It devours all of us most of us. Theres a sense now that the crisis will be with us for many years. Antimuslim sentiment is spreading much the friendship g right in europe is trying to categorise the fringe on the antimuslim or immigrant sentiment. The fact is regardless of what they think about the wave of mull tapsy. Its immoral to hold the muslim responsible as a collective community, for the actions of a few militants. Whether you talk about 2,000 or 5,000. Let me turn the question on his head and say that the Muslim Community himself is victimized by the militants. Between iraq the internal militantsy muslims and a hard place, the rite wing fringe right wing exploiting this particular militantsy in order to put in place antiimmigration policies and antimuslim policies. This is the predictment as a community at this moment history. What do you say to a powerful piece in politico called time of the assassins arguing that theres no counterforce to the assassins in our midst, referring to the muslim world. Do you agree with that . Many muslim voices have been raised against the terror. Well look in fact not only the Muslim Community find itself thrust between the rock of militants within its own ranks, and the hard place of the fringe right. I would argue that these militants that subscribe to al qaeda ideology whether its i. S. I. S. Or al qaeda in yemen or the central, it is trying to hijack islamic identity. It is trying to polarize western societies, to bring about a clash of civilizations us versus them. In fact regardless of what the Muslim Community can and will do much the militants are revolting against fathers and mothers, not just societies that welcomed them into its own ranks. Some a few turn to violence. There is concern over the release of the cartoon mocking Prophet Muhammad you can argue whether its mocking him or not, but the egypt Top Authority warns it will exacerbate tensions and observe ents muslims circulating online against the staff of Charlie Hebdo. There are muslims who will not turn to violence but are not speaking out strongly against it. Is there some danger that there could be a moem um growing as we have seen attacks in france australia, canada . You are raising an important point. What i call the clash of ideologists. Its not just about foreign policies. What you have is a cultural minefield or mine fields. In france for example, you have a clash between the secular ideology of the state what some conservative muslims call hypersecularism and some elements of the communities who feel that their values and ideas and culture and realliageon is religion is basically undermined by the states policy of secularism. And, in fact its this cultural mind fields that allowed men to drift to mill tansy, but how to recruit men like the two brothers who were behind the attacks on the newspaper charlie. Yes, more and more muslims need to speak occupant. Even though they fear the cartoons represent an insult if viewed this way. So what. It should not. The insult should not be turp understood a challenge. Its not an existential challenge. Its one thing to say i disagree. I protest. They instalment me its another thing to say the cartoons represent an exosubstantial throat to islam or the communities, it does not. The same newspaper, theres no sacred cows, it insults all religions, the idea is to deconstruct dominant narratives and idea yoingies its a narrative, its an idea. Its not an army. It should not be seen as an existential threat to islam or others. Its not clear what terror group was behind the attack. The kouachi brothers trained with alqaeda your in yemen, theres support for i. S. I. L. You wrote about a civil war within the terrorist family and at the height of its power al qaeda had a maximum of 2,000 fighters that i. S. I. L. Has as many as 32,000. Is there a rift between the groups if there is a rift does it matter . Its a major rift. And it matters a great deal. When it comes to the enemy, the United States and European Countries, they unite. The irony is that we know that the al qaeda in the asian peninsula, al qaeda in yemen, the militant affiliate of al qaeda has a direct or had a direct or indirect draw goodnight the attacks in paris. I. S. I. S. Which basically is i mean is rivalled to al qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula welcomed the attacks, and basically celebrated the two Young Brothers as heros. Though theres a rivalry, when it comes to the fight against the far enemy, western powers they tend to unite. They perceive the same threat that the United States and European Countries are waging allout wars. Not only against the ideology and ranks and file of al qaeda, but a cultural war, and this is where the cartoons come in. They try to portray the cartoons as part of the cultural warfare against islam and islamic values. Good to see you an