This is Al Jazeera America live from new york and im john that it is betts with a quick look at todays top stories. The body of Nelson Mandela has been returned to his boyhood home in can you qunu, south africa. His funeral and burial takes place tomorrow. Much more news in an hour. Those are the headlines. Ill be back at 8 00 p. M. With more. Real money with ali velshi is next. Coming up on real money, if youre considering a new job, well explain why now is the time to make your move. Wall street bonuses and the new rules meant to protect the rest of us on main street. What you dont know about Social Security could cost you. There are hidden benefits worth tens of thousands of dollars that you probably didnt even know about until now. Im David Shuster in for ali vels velshi, and this is real money. This is real money, and youre the most important part of the show. Join our live conversation the next halfhour on twitter. We learn this money that americas jobs outlook could be headed towards a big jolt. Thats according to the latest job openings and Labor Turnover or jolt report put out by the labor department. It counted 3. 9 million job openings in october. Thats a 7. 7 jump compared to the same month last year. Its the largest number of jobs advertised in more than five years. This suggests that u. S. Employers after years of caution are finally in a mood to expand. Relatedly there are more signs of healthy churning in americas labor market. The number of job turnovers rose to 4. 2 million in october, a 4. 2 gain from the previous year. That includes an increase in the number of people voluntarily leaving their jobs to seek out better prospects elsewhere. More hiring, more opening and more people quitting the current position adds up to a dynamic job market. We received the overall job numbers last week for the month of november, and those overall numbers showed the Unemployment Rate falling to 7 , the lowest level in five years. Looking ahead, manpower group, a recruiting firm that conducts a Quarterly Survey of 18,000 employers nationwide says employer optimism pushed the net Employment Outlook to the highest level in five years. 17 of employers say they intend to hire more staff in the first three months of 2014. Another 7 said they plan to reduce staff, and the remaining almost threequarters surveyed said they intend to keep staff levels where they are or theyre just not sure about the plans. Manpower says the biggest hiring gains will be seen at the lower end of the scale in leisure and hospitality jobs and retail and wholesale trade jobs, but hiring will pick up on the higher end of the scale in professional and Business Services jobs. In the Manufacturing Sector a key driver of the overall economy, manpower found that Staffing Levels should remain relatively stable going into 2014. And one big manufacturer we got news of a groundbreaking hire of sorts. Mary barrow is the next ceo at general motors. Shes the first woman to head one of the detroits big three automakers. She replaces current ceo daniel abbingerson on january 13th. Her 30year career began as a student intern in 1980. She worked in gm plants and human resources. Berra is widely credited for the successful rollouts of two new pickups trucks and the corvette and 2014 Chevrolet Impala which earned a top rating from consumer reports. By next year 21 states have a higher minimum wage than the National Level of 7. 25 an hour. As the debate about raising the federal minimum kicks into high gear, we decided to take a closer look at what higher wages have actually meant for the local economies in some states, states where employers already have to pay more than federal law requires. Stacey tisdale has the story. When you see images like these, its easy to understand the emotional argument for raising minimum wage. Many retailers say the length between minimum wage and stability is overblown citing evidence from states that pay more than the federal level of 7. 25. States with higher minimum wages had lower job growth mostly driven by lower levels of job creation by expanding firms. Experts point out that the number of people receiving minimum wage could not have a big impact on the economy at the state or National Level. Very few people are actually paid the minimum wage. Only about 3 of the work force. The number of dollars involved are just very small. Most of the people who are paid the minimum wage are relatively young. Over a quarter of minimum wage earners are high school or college students. The five states with the highest minimum wage, washington, known for the strong Union Activity tops the list at 9. 09 and number two is oregon at 8. 95 where 1 in 5 households rely on food stamps. Vermont with the third highest at 8. 60 recalculates the wage every year taking inflation into account. At 8. 25 an hour, connecticut has the fourth highest minimum wage in the nation, but it also has the fourth highest cost of gross groceries in the nation and one of the most expensive states. Illinoiss minimum wage is 8. 26 but it has one of the highest Unemployment Rates in the country. How much of an impact does a higher minimum wage have on a states economy . In oregon a planned 15cent increase on minimum wage on january 1, 2014 will put an extra 234 a year in the pockets of employees working 30 hours a week. I dont see any way in which that very small amount of money for a very small proportion of the work force could spark economic growth. Those funds come from someone else who now no longer has the money to spend. While the majority of minimum wage earners are young and will move up the income ladder, there are those struggling. Many minority groups disproportionately depend on minimum wage, single mother among the minimum wage earners trying to raise a money on what amounts to 15,000 a year. Many experts say there are Better Options out there than increasing income. There are options out there like the earned income tax credit, which maxes out at about 6,000 for a family with children that are much more powerful at helping people get out of poverty. Theyre targeted at low income families rather than like the minimum wage, a very blunt instrument that actually ends up transferring more funds to the teenage children of upper middle class families than to the working poor. But with the emotions surrounding raising minimum wage, that debate will likely continue to be the focus of improving the economy at the states and federal level. Stacey tisdale, al jazeera, new york. Its official. Banks can no longer make risky, speculative trades. On tuesday five regulators approved a volcker rule. It bans banks that take federally insured deposits from engaging in trading. There are some exceptions, but its a major step towards changing the culture of risk taking on wall street that contributed to the financial crisis. The 900page rule doesnt get into effect until july 2015. It attempts to protect main street by requiring banks to prepare pay packages that dont reward risky trading. This is the time of year that pay is very much on the minds of wall street, because we have now reached bonus season. This year wall street bonuses are expected to rise 5 to 10 on average, but jobs that involve taking big risks which used to pay the most and which some critics blame for tanking the economy are no longer reaping the biggest rewards. Patricia has the story. Its the big payday that fattens wallets on wall street and fuels the ire of main street. Yearend bonuses can comprise up to 80 of wall street pay packages. This season payouts are expected to rise for the second year running, but the spoils wont be shared equally. A tepid deal climate means bonuses for Investment Bankers that advise firms on mergers and acquisitions are expected 5 to 10 lower than last year. The biggest losers are wall streets biggest risk takers, bond traders. Theyre expected to fall 5 to 10 thanks to low Interest Rates and wrong bets. The fixed income traders, they guessed it wrong with the tapering of the fed and so forth. So they were on the wrong side of the trades. Allen johnson produces a closely watched survey of wall street compensation. According to him, lowrisk steady income generators Like Mutual Fund and Asset Managers are this years bonus winners and should enjoy a 10 to 15 bump on the heels of soaring stock prices. Historically the big banks and investment banks with the highestpaying firms and we had a change where Asset Management firms that manage mutual funds and other things are paid as well if not more and that trend is likely to continue. While Market Conditions reward lower risk activities, regulators have tried to force change on wall street, strong arming banks to tie executive compensation to future stock performance. By pressing wall street firms to award bonuses primarily in deferred stock as opposed to up front cash they hope to discourage the shortterm risk taking. Ironically it could generate more outrage on main street because this years runup in stocks means some bank heads collect huge payoffs. Jamie dimons 2014 package was roughly 14 million when awards. Those best in shares are wovrt around 18 million. The same year that saw the bank get slapped with a record 13 billion fine. Some believe the best way to drive more responsible behavior is to change how bonuses are calculated. Right now most of your bonus is when theyre calculating it overall they look at what profit did you make for the firm, and then some percentage of that you get as your compensation. The idea here would be to say, dont just look at how much profit you made for the firm but how much risk on behalf of the firm and how much did you expose the firm to in your activities . Al jazeera, new york. Last year the average salary for a Financial Securities employee in new york was 360,000 a year. Thats five times higher than four other forprofit businesses. Facebook got an upgrade on wall street. The stock is added to the popular s p 500 index, which is considered to be the best representation of the broader u. S. Stock market. Its inclusion in the index means that facebook will also be added to many popular mutual funds and index funds held in retirement accounts. The companys move into the s p will happen after the close of trading on december 20th. Sure, the economy is improving, but a lot of americans are still getting left behind. Coming up, a closer look at those who need a lift the most. You will see first hand what its like to be homeless in america. Later, you may be eligible for government money you didnt even know you had. Were talking about tens of thousands of dollars for the average american family. A report you cannot afford to miss coming up right here on real money. An Al Jazeera America exclusive. Former president jimmy carter reflects on the life and legacy of Nelson Mandela. That spirit of Nelson Mandela is embedded deeply in the heart and soul of the South Africans. They worked side by side for freedom, now president carter talks about mandelas global impact. A revealing interview you wont see anywhere else. Ive never heard him say, that he was grateful to the United States. Talk to al jazeera with jimmy carter only on Al Jazeera America imoflt who have done their duty in their efforts to if find job but there are others who do not. Its time to step up and take care of one ever its own. After seven years, our family should not be struggling each day without this loving, caring man we love so much. The rawrnian government excess they dont know where bob levinson is, the video was sent from a pakistani internet cafe but then the investigation goes cold. Randall pinkston, al jazeera. Trueman National Security project and a former marine corps intelligence officer. Andrew lets start with what we heard from the government, which has the elite, the ordinary and nearly 100 World Leaders gathered in and around johannesburg, south africa this week to honor Nelson Mandela. Ali velshi was there to cover the events. His state funeral takes place this weekend in qunu in the eastern cape where mandela grew up. His 1994 election brought an end to apair thigh apartheid but yef oppression take a toll on the South African economy. The divide between rich and poor has increased, and the problem is particularly bad in black communities like alexander township where mandela once lived. It underscores their challenges. Here now is ali velshi with more. This is alexandria township surrounding johannesburg. Its where around apartheid blacks had to live because they couldnt live within the city limits proper. This is part of johan nusburg now, and a lot of people who live here work in johannesburg or near by pretoria. They were built by the government as promised since the end of apartheid. They have on top of the houses water tanks, hot water, the streets have electricity. Theyre paved. Thats the promise. This is the unfulfilled promise. So many of the people that live in thiz townships still live in shanties. With tin roofs, and there are rats going through here. This area was built in 1912 to house 70,000 people. The estimates range widely, but there might be up to threequarters of a Million People here. By the way, were less than a couple of miles from the richest part of africa where there are more millionaires than anywhere else on this continent. Talk about a bifurcated economy of have lots and have notes, were right in the middle of it here. The American Economy also faces challenges narrowing the divide between rich and poor. The u. S. Conference of mayors released the annual report on hunger and homelessness. It found the ranks of the homeless have risen by an average of 4 this year in 25 cities you are is surveyed. Thats individuals and families. Whats worse, 22 of Homeless People who need assistance did not get it this past year. There are many shades of homelessness in america. Nearly a quarter of the homeless in our nation are children. 36 are families, and 19 of homeless adults actually have jobs. For many of these fellow americans, changing the cycle is not easy. For a look at what its really like to be homeless, meet julia cooley, a 33yearold teachers assistant in atlanta that lives with a 4yearold son. Right now its about 10 to 6 00, so my bus should be coming up the hill. Im commuting a total of five hours every day. Im homeless because im place to place, and i dont have the stability. I take time to spend time with my partner sometime and then i spend time with my grandparents. Can you say rise up . Rise up. One of the common myths about homelessness is that a homeless person is typically sleeping under a bridge or on the street or suffering from mental illness. The reality for the families we serve is that homelessness is about women with children who have no place to go. Today is a big day. Im going to pick up my new keys to my new place. A new twobedroom apartment. Today is a huge day. Wait on me buddy. Julia is a parent that came to our house to participate in the Child Development associate training program. She can sit up and see everything. It was just natural for me. I love singing the songs. Our house provides Early Childhood education and Family Support services for families experiencing homelessness. I became homeless in may of 2008. I received a job and found out he was pregnant. For medical reasons i had to quit the job, which put me in a cycle of unemployment. My mom was just like, you know, we think youd be better in a shelter. Im like, how can a mom, you know, make that decision . How can a mom have that reasoning, that logic . For many of the families that we serve, when they come in, their lives are, if you imagine it, like a deck of cards. Theyre stacking their successes carefully upon one another, but if you remove the wrong card, it can all come tumbling down. Right now im working towards Financial Stability to pay my bills and have enough money to take my son to a movie, you know. I love you. Have the best day. It will be good for me and my son to be in a house in our own environment. Today is just so important to me, because come monday he will be in one place. Lets go get those keys. What happened . No keys. Got to get Georgia Power situated. Got to get the gas company situated. The things that did happen to julia are unfortunately typical when it comes to families moving forward with their lives. The reason is theres certain requirements that every agency has to have. I wanted to feel the keys in my hand. I wanted to be able to go to josiah and say we have our keys. At the same time, you know, for him a meal will do. Several months later she applied for a new position at our house which she hopes will bring in extra money. She hasnt gotten into her own apartment. At 9. 15 she realizes she doesnt make enough to pay rent and make ends meet. To hear more of her story in her own words, go to our website, aljazeera. Com realmoney. Its like leaving money on the table. Middle class americans missing out on tens of thousands of dollars of Social Security for things like child care and college tuition. Well tell you how your family can get this cash, money you already earned coming up on real money. Sense of security but today again it reminds us that terrorism remains a very real threat. Authorities say he studied airport schedules and timed his planned attack to hurt the largest number of people. Hes charged with attempted murder and attempts to use mass d