Passenger aircraft ever take to the skies again the company is planning to suspend production Meanwhile the regulators are not planning to live than on the plane anytime soon also the expected fallout from the Climate Change Summit images began with the challenge of being able to find anyone who's happy with the result is it really possible to make a global decisions on climate change that would be useful for the u.k. Government of an absolute deadline on our departure from the European Union as the prime minister expects to do with a new bill to find out why the post office falsely accuse hundreds of subways masters of stealing from the company how they toss actually brought this up postmaster vindicated a member of the accusations rolls out a 58000000 pound says I'm above the price of his audience up 250000 pounds to people who have their livelihoods reigned in some places a large room as well what's also the investigative reporter who has followed the case from the very beginning thanks to a crowdfunding appealed service to all the plane making Giants Boeing as you heard in the news will suspend building the 737 Max airline in the New Year the planes of being grounded since the spring following 2 fatal crashes the Lion Air accident in October 2018 and the Ethiopian Airlines accident in March of this year less pizza less the Josephs who is c n b c s airline reporter and joins us now Leslie were Hasbro in taken this decision and why now. Well this is a very difficult decision for any manufacturer to make but what has happened was the planes have been grounded since mid March Boeing can't deliver these planes so they're just piling up at facilities in Washington State and other places around the u.s. And Boeing doesn't want that to continue to happen one way they can stem the sort of bleeding of cash but they're not getting any money in from airlines who have already bought the plane because they can't even hand them over is to stop producing them altogether and what we've heard from Boeing over the past few months is it's easier to stop the production line altogether than continue to cut production and what will happen to the 737 Max planes that the company has been completely seeing during this period but haven't completed will they simply be stopped know those who can and to be made it's not happening immediately they're giving themselves a little bit of time so they have the Christmas holiday is a little bit of a break so they're going to finish up that work and then sometime in January the going to halt production and of course we don't know how long this is going to last because we don't have regulators approval to allow the plane fly again in days it doesn't know is whether the regulators will ever allow this plane to fly again well it's possible that they will we don't have an indication yet that they're they're planning on never allowing it to fly again but the problem is that the work has been going on for so long and Boeing had even expected to get approval from regulators sometime this year that is completely off the table the relationship between the f.a.a. The the local aviation regulator and Boeing has been very tense over the last few months and it's kind of reached a tipping point last week where the f.a.a. Couldn't came out and said You're not giving guidance that's reasonable and kind of confusing people we call the shots and we say we're not going to be ready until 2020 so Boeing really 'd has no choice in this matter What do what does Boeing which is a company have to do to satisfy the Federal Aviation Authority that the planes are where they. So there are several steps that Boeing has to follow and some requirements they need to fill one and perhaps one of the most 'd important is that they fix the software that was implicated in the 2 crashes and if you remember the nose of the planes kept repeatedly pointing downward and these pilots were battling the software system that was actually meant to prevent something like that from happening so that needs to be fixed they need to sign off on that they also need to look at pilot training and then there's another element which is human factors how a human pilot is interacting with these ever more complex systems and once the f.a.a. Is satisfied on those points that will allow the planes to fly can they say of course the f a a have nots avoid the criticism themselves because in the misuse it's a vacation of the plane the f.a.a. . Has been criticized and in subsequent response of the 2 accidents has been criticized as well would you expect them now to be doubly cautious about a 9737 Max back into the air I think we've seen that they already are being very cautious and they don't want to rush this out and some people chalked it up to politics and they don't want to appear that they're too cozy with Boeing which is a major criticism that they've already received so they're going to pretty much take their time and Boeing kind of has to sit on its hands and just wait for the regulators to say that's Ok And of course the f.a.a. Is not the only regulator they'd need to worry about they have to worry about the European regulator they need to worry about regulators in China and Canada all over the world because airlines all over have bought these planes yeah do we know how many but having some 3 some makes is have been grounded the moment it's in the hundreds is that it's in the hundreds at the time of the grounding it was about 300 to 400 back in marketplace and produced about 400 more and those are piling up the facilities I think of one point they were using a parking facility an employee parking facility to put some of these planes so they don't want to run out of room they don't want to keep producing these planes and have them have nowhere to go which has been the case for more than 9 months it beggars belief that the company would continue I know they've the headlines were in production evidence to complete production of a deadline that there was a question mark over. I'm sorry and you know I say it beggars belief that the company would continue a complete production of 400 more aircraft when there was a question mark over the safety of the aircraft they've begun know and the thinking at the time was this is going to be a few weeks this is going to be a month and then it was suddenly the summer was over suddenly we're talking about holiday travel being interrupted by some of these problems and it just kind of the problem seemed to melt the other thing Boeing also needs to worry about is what's going to happen with its suppliers which have not slowed down production this is something that could ripple out throughout the entire economy really let's say Thank you Lizzie Joseph that who is Cindy sees in line reports of another climate conference has been and gone talking about Madrid and despite the talks being extended for a weekend no one seems to be happy with the results David Wesco is the director of Dubey our eyes International Climate Initiative Well he's w.r.i. By the way David it's the World Resources Institute were a global think tank working on climate and environment issues so perfect person to ask what your verdict to Madrid was. Well there was a strong sense that there was a disconnect even a gulf between what was happening in the negotiating halls on the money and and what we've been seeing with youthen mobilizations in the streets and business is in cities taking action around the world and it really took till the last hours to see the kind of movement that we need in terms of commitment from governments to stronger climate action and up until those moments we haven't seen real emphasis on what needs to happen next year which is under the Paris Agreement which is what this is all about in and you know part to keep in mind these talks are about how to take forward the Paris agreement that landmark deal from 2015 until those last moments we haven't seen a real push in the right direction in terms of what countries are expected to do next year and that's the moment under the agreement when countries are expected to put forward stronger commitments and there was language at the end that did that but it really took until that point some of the major amid errors the major economies were really dragging their heels in terms of what they were going to do some of them were obstructing even and so that was really what was so frustrating through the course of this there was a push at the end thankfully from some of the smaller countries from the vulnerable countries like small islands and from the least developed countries and that's what got us to a good point at the end but it took a while would it have been better then that the money used to set up and complete this conference would have been better than it was used to perhaps. Give integrates a timber and young people from all around the world to themselves continue their protests and perhaps to themselves get together teenagers I'm talking about perhaps in tandem with some of those smaller countries that you mentioned to get together themselves to solve the planet's this climate crisis. Well we're going to need action from everybody I don't know whether the youth are looking for money I think they're a dick to support their efforts I think that they're doing this out of passion and and don't require big budgets but would they have done a better job coming to some agreement about climate change is really going. Well I think we've certainly seen a generational shift I think you know for these youth they see 2050 which is a key marker in climate taxes right in front of them it's not some distant prospect it's going to be during the middle of their lives essentially And so both in terms of the impacts that they're going to see from climate change with the. Storms and drought and sea level rise all of that is very much a live issue for them and then also the kind of change that we need to see in terms of emissions reductions and getting to net 0 emissions by the middle of the century I think all of that is very much something that they feel directly and in a very personal way and so yes I think that if we were put in charge we would be moving much more quickly we are going to have to see though action by governments and I think what the youth. Credit Tunde Bergin held in October and many of the others who are on the front lines of that. Push what they are saying is that governments in fact need to take responsibility and take the reins and that's what we saw in 2 short supply really in Madrid and this coming year is a key test because under the Paris Agreement governments are meant to come forward with stronger commitments and. Right now what we've seen is the European Union has begun moving down that path certainly the U.K.'s had strong policies in place. And all now be up to a number of other countries the e.u. Will have to move quickly and basically in then countries like China which has more than a quarter of the world's emissions what to do so and meanwhile we are seeing action as I said from businesses and cities there now more than 700 businesses that have committed to what are called science based targets targets to take action in line with the Paris agreement and its goals we've got. Cities around the world that are moving forward and investors there were investors that have $37.00 trillion dollars in assets that announced last week that they are going to align themselves and want governments to align with the Paris agreement so there's much that has to happen it has to come from everywhere and what we've seen in Madrid is governments with vested interests as you'd expect that's what governments do you have accept the governments with national interest in mind. Shifting the goalpost and accusing each other all claiming that they are doing the best the anybody else is doing now with regards to tackling climate change from their perspective so given that given that all these individual governments have a different agenda is it really possible to make global decisions on climate change. Well we need to see the global cooperation this is about governments coming together to work together essentially to move things forward and that that was the important outcome from the Paris Agreement 4 years ago as you're saying this really does have to come from the governments and from the countries themselves and the Paris Agreement was structured so that it has long term goals that it lays out in terms of temperature change and also adapting to the impacts that climate change brings but it but it relies on governments actually putting their own commitments on the table ratcheting those up every 5 years so it is true that we need to see that action from governments that the thing about Paris is it does provide. A means to bring countries together around that so this year is going to be an important test of government's commitment to that vision as I mentioned China will be important in terms of what they're going to do there are other countries India Japan Canada and others that also need to to move forward and I think the u.k. Is now in a has the opportunity to play a key role as the convener for this event the upcoming negotiations the big summit that will be happening in Glasgow in in November this next year and that's going to be a combination point and so the u.k. Can bring these governments together around indeed looking forward so that no doubt given the fools on us next time around what we picking up from is the the agreement of the commitment of the. You know the. Conversation from Madrid that we're going to be handed over what is. Exactly some people who are describing use some kind of the fudge of a consensus move what's the bets in that would be Paul's tons of laws go Yeah well there were some things that were left unfinished by the Madrid tox most notably on carbon markets and. Governments talked for 2 weeks about how to arrange an international carbon trading system and really didn't get over the line. Key issue at the end that wasn't resolved was what to do about credits actually from the past system from the Kyoto Protocol and there were governments Brazil most notably and also Australia that want to hold on to some of those credits in use them toward emission reductions and the new system under the Paris agreement sort of like using old expired banknotes essentially is what they want to do and that's that that wasn't acceptable to any countries and so that's where that the talks were unable to get over the line they did make some headway on some of these those issues around carbon markets so that will be handed over to these next Taksin I think in somewhat better shape than they came into Madrid and hopefully can come out with some strong roles without loopholes and without carrying over all of these credits from from the old system that's going to be a critical task but meanwhile the u.k. Also has another task which is a major diplomatic one to be honest and that's that we are looking to see governments increase their commitments and step up their action over the course of this coming year some of that needs to come before we get to Glasgow in fact and for example the European Union and China are having a summit in September. That's an opportunity for governments to lay out their plans for how they're going priests' action and there are other moments along the way the Commonwealth Heads of Government will meet for example in Rwanda in June that's another point and what's going to be necessary is for governments to talk one another to one another for the u.k. To help lead the way in times playing a path and showing the ways in which governments and countries can can do more what one of the good things is that honestly although we're seeing the urgency of action the i.p.c.c. Report that that science report on 1.5 degrees and now other reports on land and ocean all of that show on the urgency of action the impacts are growing and we need to move very quickly to take action the good news is that. We also see the economic benefits the new climate economy unissued if that were involved with show that there's $26.00 trillion dollars in economic gains to be had from bold climate action over this coming decade out to 2030 so it's up to governments now both to recognise the urgency and to seize those opportunities they've you know seeing grows. See Their David was kind of a direct. Result of his in-situ climate change international climate initiative now as we've been hearing the prime minister Boris Johnson is expected to move a bill that guarantees that the u.k. Will leave the European Union with or without a deal by the end of next year and the deal that we do or don't do with Europe will affect the deals that we do with other nations including the United States speaking earlier of the Us president Donald Trump's top economic adviser Larry Kudlow said the u.s. And the u.k. Would start work on an agreement at the earliest opportunity for private sorrow and that. I believe the National Security Deputy. And I are going over there an early January of some such to talk about a lot of things including trade so no specifics on that but I would just say as soon as possible well Jake is a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and joins us now Jacob this deadline that the u.k. Government is about to set by law is this helpful or is it something of a distraction with regards to. From the European Union. What is certain he says the bar very high if Boris Johnson believes that he can negotiate a sort of comprehensive trade agreement with the European Union in a matter of a few months because we basically will have to have the main parts of this agreement in place by the early summer. I think that would be extremely difficult so what he risks is to basically paint himself into a corner and without being able to getting a comprehensive trade agreement will very soon be faced with a sort of you know between a rock and a hard place style choice between either having a very shallow Deal or No Deal which probably won't be much difference between the 2 or conceding most points to the e.u. And essentially staying in something that may or may not look like renewed Norway option so he's got a lot on his plate that's for sure would in no way options. Country with the size of the United Kingdom I mean you know he's a big country landmass wise but in terms of population is just it's less than the publication of London off then I think yeah no I mean I think it will be a very very tough sell undoubtedly but at the same time I mean if you look at Boris Johnson's main elections you know slogan get bricks it done all that says is we should get BRICs it done as quickly as possible but it tells you nothing about the type of BRICs it that. You know Boris Johnson may or may not want to implement So he's basically betting that he can get away with almost any type of breaks it along as if he gets it done maybe he can do it but obviously the u.k. Is a country that it is hard to imagine would be a rule taker on a lot of it. Horten economic and political issues are like Norway that's absolutely right if a deadline moves sharpen minds there's no prevaricating and there's no you know Forth going forth and backwards between Westminster and Brussels on this. Is more likely is it not to force people's minds into focusing on the exit point from the deadline point and perhaps the fact that Bruce Johnson now has this huge majority in parliament would tell Brussels the other side of the negotiation table and on this prime minister holds the cards with regards to who he speaks for the United Kingdom he's got a mandate now. Yeah he's got a political mandate to get bricks it done as I said but it's far from obvious I think you from Brussels what kind of BRICs it he's got a mandate for because remember I guess the m