Raffia Lemkin who was a lawyer calling the work and started to try to devise a legal definition to him it was passed as he lost every member of his family except his brother to a Nazi program thanks to Dr lambkins efforts the un established a convention on genocide in 1948 defining it a certain acts committed with the intent to destroy in whole or in part a national ethnic racial or religious group has been tested regularly ever since most likely this week in The Hague. Starting yesterday Myanmar's leader all sounds Suchi the civilian leader Aung San Suu Kyi has been appearing at the un International Court of Justice to defend her country against accusations that the Burmese military committed genocide against nearly 3 quarters of a 1000000 Russians or people who were forced to flee into exile in Bangladesh the case here is against the country of Myanmar rather than anybody in particular and Myanmar stands accused of committing atrocities against the Muslim right and minority while Susan Hutchinson is ph d. Scholar or in the Coral Bell school for Asia Pacific Affairs at the Australian National University Hello Susan Oh Larry it's lovely if it is morning good Good to have you with us too we saw on it we're seeing pictures of all sun Suchi taking notes and and being very very attentive at the International Court of Justice does she actually have to be there at all. Well she made the decision to lead the delegation to lead me on Ma's delegation to the International Court of Justice I mean so as as the leader of the delegation Yes she. Will begin their oral proceedings today and it will be it will be interesting to see what what her statement looks like is it possible that she could just flatly deny everything yes it is that is. What the government of Myanmar has done with regard to the right in your genocide they deny the fact that the reason you as a group of people even exist they did not I that they are. A group of of of people that exist within within within me imo they deny that there has been any gross sexual violence on they deny that there have been any genocidal acts and they do not have been any lack under international law and these hearings are about that sort of procedural hearing about what are called provisional measures to try and ensure that there are noises that are there are not ongoing genocidal while these international while this international case proceed and it's entirely possible I will say that there is there is no there is nothing there is nothing to see here move along please so yes it's entirely possible that what we may see is. You know an international and an international bigger renowned allow a woman. The world had seen as a figure of did and democracy a Nobel laureate. Defending with the most of us considered to be a genocide. And it would look to most of us s.f. a Civilian figure and as you say a figure of international Renai as been put up there is some sort of Us trauma to the fat of the bar Army's army which isn't even there yet so well that this is an interesting position that she is in and I'm. With you know a in times of the way that Benny's government exists now letting you know. When they are lections while helping me I'm off. Well you know there was some some hope that we were seeing a transition to civilian government and they created this unique position. But the reality was that it was a very much a position of compromise and and she now is in the ultimate position of compromise the where as a civilian leader of she is in a position where she. She is obliged to defend her government. But the rest of us I'm looking at what the government has done as illegal inconceivable and immoral and yet she is but she has chosen whether it has been due to internal pressure on all. She's in a position now where she's defending what the government is doing. But there's also a bunch of butt of internal politics and that Ch'ien around the right hinge on as a group and the way that back and did within me and model with her gods that kind of minority status then the discrimination that I smiled broadly you know that I have very I have. Significant discrimination and have done so for all of them for generations and I looked on very very poorly and I mean generally that those of us those are the groups that have suffered its genocide in the pa. But brought a very very cool Easter even if she had sort of other minorities and and other minorities with Grace has. The right in Europe at the very bottom of the food chain with regard to the groups that she may have to send in the just word about the prosecution because that impressive list of played says and this is an international prosecution. Yes and the International Court of Justice does not like the court people used to use the court went countries. To resolve disputes between countries so it's not about individual. But the lawyers who are bad are our of our greatest team and it was fascinating listening to yesterday's argument. Very powerful argument I didn't day just a case that was brought by the Gambia was a very strong. You know the argument provisional measures indeed are very very strong provisional measures have been granted by the court in cases that are much less extreme than what we have seen in Myanmar at the moment well thank you Susan very much and I should just note that the United States and in the form of the u.s. Treasury moved to sanction some leading members of the Myanmar government just yesterday as well imposing sanctions on 4 Myanmar military leaders. Of Asli direct result of this prosecution which is taking place in Stossel coach of justice. Well as Sharon kind of Ok yes sorry Susan I beg your pardon Yeah just carry on by all means All right thank you very much and I spent it fantastic and it's really important that other that other countries continue to support this case to the u.k. It's important to do good throughout the break that person important that sanctions that have been occurring through the e.u. Sanctions person transition across. The particularly because of the role that violence played as a part of this genocide I was important that the u.k. Government I'm continue that whole of the around responding to concerts and I just want that I really play every was terminal and supporting the hands and supporting the cause of the sexual violence that occurred out of the genocide and. Preventing support to any businesses as well that has been really holding up the regime thank you in this case Susan Hutchinson Straley national device to the New Zealand volcano is still giving a lot of cause for alarm after the fatal folk out of corruption over the weekend when it erupted 47 people were on the island we know that been 6 fatalities and 8 people missing presumed dead Marmol or as Professor school of geosciences. Sydney. Professor Mohler you you know the white tile and our walk out quite well the. I do my wife and I visited a wide island in January 2018 as tourists even though we're both geologist. It must've been quite a visit because I mean looking at the films that the whole place is covered and in Sulphur crystals in the most extraordinary outcroppings Yeah it's a really quite extraordinary it's unlike most other. Tourist experiences even the monks volcano tourism I'd say as from this one arrives once fitted out with hard hats and gas masks and a fast you saying to yourself isn't that a bit over the top but you realise soon that it's not. The whole place is a bleak landscape you know totally devoid of flour and fall on a dotted for scraps of Yellow and White Sulphur crystals and as you start walking you know you passed by steam vents bubbling pits of mud and how people can extremes you know with these vivid she was a few yellow and orange all around you it's very picturesque picturesque but a little bit terrifying. It is and so they're. Hissing fumaroles everywhere so what's special about the White Island is that most of it is submerged under the sea it's what but what sticks out at the top is only a dark rest and 10 percent of it so the whole structure is actually about 1.6 kilometers tall about the sea floor and so sea water seeps into it all the time and into the magma chamber and it gets super heated and it comes out as the pressure drops and it comes out and so called fumaroles and some of springs and gases that can be up to $800.00 degrees hot and there are no fences a barrier is so it's a very raw and accelerating experience and I guess that's what attracts tourists to the c.s.s. And I don't mind of where there are any checks made as you know on the likelihood of an eruption or anything when when you went on the island are were you told that you did so they much your own risk. That's right and you know you you sign a waiver and and the idea is you know that that's too and because at that point in time there hadn't been any major eruption felt for a while and I think to most people it's a bit like walking through say Yellowstone National Park you know which just you know another well known what kind of attraction I was just nothing generous at least not in recent memory to want to can but walk through these fears of a guy descent you morals there and and if one doesn't think about it too much then why did I learn my team like that is fair but it and perhaps didn't think about it sufficiently at the time when we went we just got lucky that it didn't erupt from Beaver the goodness sake yes you must be you must be shocked by the news and may I ask you as a geologist now. Having seen the this eruption of this this you know whatever it was the island hopping on a call for it or something. What do you say how long do you think it will take to return to the state it was in when you were on it. Well that's that's that's very hard to say and I think from from reading all the news reports and the local geology parts I think nobody is quite sure of that and one has to keep in mind that for the whole 'd time period between 975-2000. Why dial and had a long history of of your options and the severity of these eruptions are measured by volcanic expressivity index and. It's a logarithmic scale like the one used for us quakes and so these eruptions typically have been up to. The number 3 and and that means that the d. Ject the stuff that's coming out can be a volume of up to 10000000 cubic kilometers associated with 3 to 515 kilometer Poom And so you know that these things have happened over you know a long time period several decades and by that irregular time intervals and so nobody you know I think nobody is actually able to predict. You know how long it's going to be quiet and France going to get up to again and it's all to do with the seawater that. Seeps into the volcano if it if it were to be sitting on dry land it would be more predictable. But as you said 10 percent of it is above that the ocean and the rest of it as some match here. Again I remember from a volcanic eruption on. Some kid's solution one of the cabbie in. Islands on the hof of the island was covered than in the lava and the other half of the island was just as it had been before. It it could this be a similar situation yeah of course and as I said before you know as a tourist one perhaps doesn't think about that sufficiently But if you look at the history of wide island there's a used to be a mining site being mined since the 18 hundreds and but in $9141.00 side of the crater wall collapsed completely and and caused a so-called lot harder than a mob so that at night that buried that and tired of the village where the miners were staying and and they were never found they were completely covered and so there is actually a history of this kind of thing happening there and when geologists go to you know make surveys or studies do they stay on the island or do they just land like tourists from a boat for the day yeah I'm pretty sure that nobody ever stays on this island Yes So you would you would just land. And deploy some equipment like a new camera. Seems like they would be needing a new camera now since the previous one was destroyed and yeah you deploy some equipment and then you would leave again and hope that you can monitor the volcano remotely as much as possible. You would you would hope do you think there are going to be ever the opportunities the weather on this island again I mean given the international attention that there has been and obviously this tragic loss of life yeah. I mean I think the answer is probably no I mean I think now I think that the whole world has become a large it to the risks and involved and and the unpredictability of of eruptions. And I think I would be surprised if for tourism. To continue there is a problem is that the I don't desire to be small it's only. 2 or 3 kilometers in diameter and so that means even the relatively small eruption you can't get away from its you know because you're sort of trapped on the island and and say you know hardly any right to hide you know instructions how to hide behind a rock when this happens you know but also visibility but usually very poor if an eruption happens and instructions that I. Say not to walk anywhere in those circumstances because you might be for you know stepping into a snow at the. Lake or something like that just sounds horrific Professor Miller thank you very much for talking to us You're very welcome news just a coming in from. Bougainville which says that they have voted for their independence from popular New Guinea they voted to become the world's newest country in a non-binding referendum 97.7 percent of people supported the move however it still has to be ratified by the popular New Guinea legislature so we'll have to see what happens. It's just coming up to $425.00. Home digital b.b.c. Said last week this is b.b.c. Radio 5 live here with the news Claire Graham Thank you Rod Good morning we're into the final day of the election campaign and Jeremy Corbyn will say that a Labor government would put money in your pocket because you deserve it Boris Johnson will repeat his claim that the conservatives are the only party that can get drugs it done the s.n.p. Leader necklaced origins written an open last are calling him the greatest danger to Scotland of any Tory prime minister in modern times 27000 chickens are to be cold at a farm in Suffolk where cases of bird flu have been confirmed officials say the risk to public health is very low and a study says if it packs should display how much exercise a person would need to do to burn off the calories contained within it the researchers from left to university claim it could cut a row and 200 calories from a person's daily average Shabnam has a sport defending champions Liverpool have reached the Champions League last 16 as group a winners they be Salzberg to know with most scoring a minutes after Nabby Kater in the 2nd half Chelsea of join them after holding on for a $21.00 win over a little boat that goes came in the 1st half from Tommy Abraham and Cesar Azpilicueta on the plea of announced they've sacked their manager Carlo enchiladas eat us despite beating game 4 nil to reach the knockout stages be temporary says he's pulled out of the running to become the new avatar manager the Shanghai coach was high on the club's list to replace Marco silver on a permanent basis leads on top of the Championship after beating how to nail their 7th league victory in a row tributes are being paid to former Darby County Oxford United in Portsmouth boss Jim Smith whose died at the age of 79 he was known throughout football as the bald eagle and Formula One teams have unanimously rejected need design tires proposed by supply Perelli for the 2020 season after a test in a. Dobby last week they said they preferred the 2901 this is b.b.c. Radio 5 Live on digital b.b.c. Sound it's small speaker come along. Good morning yes during the school the band of weather is long gone and toughest with of 78 miles an hour and couple current Now today it is going to be a windy day but nothing like as windy as it was yesterday one thing you will notice though nationwide a much colder feel to the weather is going to be a day of sunshine and showers now we'll start off with the weather which across England Wales where across the middle in this central southern England and eastern areas of England it's going to be a sunny but cold starts the morning temperatures around $2.00 to $4.00 degrees Celsius but a brisk southwesterly wind not a warm southwest from ice out across western England Wales meanwhile will start the day with showers moving in very quickly those showers will be heavy could you not crack of thunder mixed in and as we go through the day those showers going to be pushing eastwards into the Midlands and into eastern England come the afternoon so it is a day where most areas the vast majority of us will see at least one or 2 downpours during the day and the times it will be quite windy when those showers comes through the also drop the temperatures for a time as well there is going to be a cold kind of day top temperatures ranging between funny and 9 degrees Celsius for the picture in Northern Ireland here it's going to be a chilly start to the day as well we are going to see quite a lot of cloud and showers initially through the morning but it should get a little bit brighter into the afternoon but showers will continue to feed in temperatures here at about 5 or 6 degrees Celsius so this could be a cold feeling they are in Scotland well across the Highlands of Scotland so there's a risk of some snow building with the tire elevations so this could be cold here plenty of showers from the word go some of the shows you how pale and thin them extend and it's going to be really quite a blustery day with some strong winds affecting the Scottish islands as we go through the day preps even Spago and the day here in temperatures struggling to 5 degrees Celsius will be a frost story of an ice across piece there is the u.k. And then into Thursday a band of rain bumps into the cold air bringing a short lived spell of fill snow to parts of northern England before Bob draft works back in stakeholder in Scotland further which we shall we say Chris folks on a flight whether. Well this time tomorrow will be election day so we won't be able to talk about the election so for the last time on up all night here's election cast with Adam Fleming Hello everyone well remember we asked you for examples of where the snap election has affected the logistics of your life well this morning a lucky election caster was on the Radio one breakfast show with Greg James Greg and Mr Pyne take it away so on the phone we have Mr Pike a principal teacher Mr Wallace the head teacher of small files primary school Mr Parker What's the problem. The problem is outcomes and I'm just dramatically new suddenly hot and moved today because of something called a general election Oh my word so this means that we've got problems with costumes and learning lines and making sure every is available and getting out of of work so parents can come and see and all sorts of stuff so. A whole lot of the 230 people does actually have to rearrange itself just because it's just because if there is they should make it and Greg's going to catch up with them tomorrow to see how it all went on with our show election cast the election cast from the b.b.c. We are in this election because you don't want to be thinking about if you can generally be getting on by not useless presence if anyone comes up to you and says they know what's going to happen. Smile politely and turn your back is adamant election casting and Laura's saying on the floor in a big conference in a factory in Stoke or near Stoke glamorous as always and sitting next to me in the studio is piece of bands from the b.b.c. And I was a research team Ok right let's get to it actually why are you and still Cristobal or what's happening. We're in