The a. 82 to 95 I am certain 41 media. Is a b.b.c. Radio one. With b.b.c. News at 10 o'clock I'm Tina Campbell good evening the Prince of Wales has been accused of advocating changes to international climate agreements with disclosing that his private estate stood to benefit from the proposed reforms the latest lake from millions of documents known as the Paradise papers shows that the Duchy of Cornwall secretly bought shares in an offshore firm that invested in the world's rain forests a series of documents from the Department for the economy have been uploaded to the r.h.i. Inquiry website on the day the opening session was held they shed more light on the department's few on what went wrong with the scheme Catherine Morrison has more in this these documents refer to a handover note from an official at the vent Department for enterprise trade and investment The official was involved in the day to day running of the our hits ice came when he left the department in 2014 and there was a high turnover of staff in the department at that time he left a detailed note containing a number of priorities that required immediate attention they included a review of our hitch I tariffs and consideration of cost controls to prevent excessive payments the review never happened the Department for the economy said concerns expressed in the hand-over notes were not escalated and our hitch I was not among the top issues raised in a briefing for the department's new permanent secretary in July 24 ting almost half of primary school principals in Northern Ireland have put their names to a letter calling for an urgent meeting with the secretary of state they say it's outrageous none of the recent 10000000 pounds funding boost for education is being allocated to schools. Chief executive of the education authority government Boyd says schools here are under financial pressure and many of them are in deficit we are quite clear the schools are telling us through their plans that they will overspend their budgets taken as a whole they will overspend their budgets by something of the order of 20000000 pounds this year so that's that's the situation we find ourselves last year screws overspent in your allocation by just a by 20000000000 pounds the social network Twitter has a 9 states doubling the number of characters people can use in tweets from 148-2280 the company piloted the idea with a small number of users earlier this year well into sport NY with Parekh oil Northern Ireland captain Steve Davis has described the team as having a great sense of self belief as it prepares for Thursday's World Cup playoff 1st leg against Switzerland in Belfast Meanwhile the republic is monitoring the fitness of Burnley midfielder Geoff Hendrick ahead of its games against Denmark Bundy Akki is in line to make his Ireland debut against South Africa but Tommy O'Donnell is struggling for Saturday's game in Dublin with a shoulder injury conic center i k who was born in New Zealand to someone parents has recently qualified to play for Ireland and finally West Ham's co-owners David Sullivan says David Moyes will bring fresh ideas organization and enthusiasm to the club when I finally come to the weather with Berra we can expect the widespread force to develop tonight as temperatures why the full close to freezing in times in cities in the countryside it will be even cooler with the likes of kids braid seen minus 3 or minus 4 degrees so a chilly frosty start to the day tomorrow along with some pockets of fog 1st thing they will clear firmly quickly as the winds pick up and cloudy conditions bring wet weather across all places during the afternoon tomorrow b.b.c. News. Thanks to you know a lot of a.b.c. Radio all star Aybar Maguire is here with a show filled to bursting with science and stuff we've got. Thanks to. My. Discovery technology has shaped the world front of me with. Living up there. Everybody yes it's me. Thanks to science here. On this week's show how to take a temperature with no touching as the bait to get me there. To say a healthy $36.00 and say the word of a microbiologist basically. As you do I was looking at some fossilized bones were. A start up story with a twist there's the founder of a company who's 28 years old and he's kind of riding high but we know but what he's kind of taking pains to conceal is that if he doesn't get another round of funding soon his company is going to go under the poles are driving crabs crazy they don't hide from predators anymore I would find that they would also fight more among each other. Technology has shaped the world the front of me. Gravity. Thanks to. Science but to kick things off this week I'm joined by a member of the science stuff team who's been listen action for a couple of weeks but hey I'm delighted to say joins us all the way from don't do University where he just happens to be a senior lecturer at the School of Life Sciences Welcome back David both just happens to be a part. Just just. Goes on. Looking for signs that whenever he's on his days off he works at a university is that now would you do it very close more importantly where have you been we didn't even get a sick note or anything that you're coming in you can get a 2nd I know it's on when I went to Hong Kong I was like they're doing some important work for the university I spent the whole time looking around at places where Jackie Chan made films and lovely things of that nature hard at work then I know but whilst I was like there I was also looking given that it is that spooky time of the year even though I've missed it by a week I did find spooky science a thing what I'm hoping your reference in to is the fact that you are here to work out if I have the gift of extrasensory perception I think that's exactly what's going to be most of it already Hi are you going to do that David Well we're going to set the scene 1st I got into science because I was Ghostbusters as good a reason I saw that yeah the 1st 15 minutes ago sponsors you know you see a ghost and you see Dr Peter Franklin the greatest skeptic that never lived slowly electrocute a guy and shot up a girl whilst showing them Zenner cards have you ever heard of his on a card I have not Ok Senate cards were invented in this sort of the 1930 s. And there they look a little bit like playing cards but one of them's got a cross one of them's got a circle one of them's got a square one of them's got a wavy line on the final one's got a star Ok the principle was this Zenner felt that he could develop a psychological test to determine whether 2 people could be connected by extrasensory perception Ok and the way it works is this I would shuffle the cards and then attempt to transmit the information to your brain all the way from Don b. To Belfast death to close my eyes for this round you have to click Well I mean you can close your eyes if you want. If that helps you like engage your extrasensory perception your wood and your brain yes you can turn things and often other sense on there's going to be 5 cards as opposed to the normal 100 because I don't think anyone wants to listen to us say the word square circle star and we have the line for our. It's totally random it's a proper experiment I'm going to come back 5 cards as many times as you wish so do you want me to cut it yes please Ok I've just cut it once again and again and again and again Ok so these are actually probably and you want another one yeah well more just to yeah Ok so there we go so we have a well shuffled like a 5 cards under the only one combination of those ships that can be found Ok let's go. I am looking at the 1st card and I'm transmitting its information to your brain what do you think it is is it a we have a line I come up tell you until the end Ok Ok card number 2. Card Number 2 is get so my images here of the square that's interesting I'm looking at a square window but. I'm getting so many images of a square sensory perception you're looking at a square when it would imagine a square Ok Ok card number 3 Ok I want to circle Ok kind of number 4 cross right on the star. Right Ok let's quickly punch in the numbers and my little analysis machine you got 105 correct what and the way you have to imagine it is like this it's like a really simple lottery ticket so there are 5 numbers there are 5 numbers you can pick but we've got to get them in the correct order Yeah right and you might hit the correct shape and one of the 5 locations but in order for you to hit all 5 and all 5 locations it has an incredibly low chance of one in a fison chance to get them all wrong it's a by a 30 percent chance so I didn't know you didn't do too badly so there's about a 40 percent chance of you getting one of them correct and if you test the whole population you find well most people in the long run do exactly as one would expect by chance just by Cauchy leaving out the probabilities of them getting a hit so to speak. No I whenever they did the test in the thirty's they actually discovered the 2nd experimenter who was a botanist of Rhine he was actually giving away century perceptual cues so he was you know was what he was and people were seeing you know what he would smile whenever you know circles or cute he would smile and then people would guess circle and the neuroscientist Terence Hines actually sort of picked holes in the whole experiment and the few people it appeared to have extrasensory perception actually turned out not to have it that's found for I know it is not I was really hoping and come away from this today and I would be you know a psychic Well no I mean I'm kind of more like the opposite of psychic David you were explaining before you came on there just by m.r.i. Scanners and almost being in a scientific way to read someone's mind some work the kid might this week do you want to tell us a little bit about the well there's a phrase goes something like this to a suitable population or suitable civilization sufficiently advanced technology looks like magic. It's unexplainable to the mind of the people and it turns out that Purdue University actually managed to do extra sensory perception the researcher Louis and his little post-doctoral team have actually built a neural network that they've trained using an f. M.r.i. Machine to read people's brains and bring up a picture of what the person is imagining they don't know well that they they checked people into m.r.i. Machines for about 12 hours played them about 12 hours of video and the 3 women that they put in were shown somewhere in the region about a 1000 video clips and they all featured on a ML's and nature and action scenes and things like that they use that information to train the neural network so they taught a computer hard to think like a person and they looked at the visual cortex only so they were not only were they looking at the brain they were looking at the part of the brain that's wired up to decode the information that comes in through their eyes so if you magine what it's like if you have look where your eyes are your brain wiring traces basically to the back of the. Brain and the back of your brain would be the you know straight through it run straight through would be the visual cortex not the brain does wonderful things not only does it d code all the stuff that's going on it flips it upside down because obviously our eyes are pinhole cameras no I here's the best but then fed people into the machine and showed them videos and these people hadn't been put into the training set and what they were able to find is that they were able to work I what that person was seeing without knowing what they were saying just based on how the patterns in the brain were lighting up that's quite unnerving if you think about it I'm just thinking how are we going to use this well it's not for me to say what the technology should be used for but if it was for me I would want to know whether Charlie's Theron has everything for me or not thanks for being creative and I'm pretty sure that we know the answer to that well. Settled by their. Well yet and she might listen to radio whilst or you never know. It's obviously something more sinister that you would use it for and that's what I'm thinking you know it does sound to me a little bit unnerving a little bit sinister and something that kind of fell in like Minority Report Not that I'm calling you a villain David but something about a villain with I don't up slightly is a very evil well nigh on the other side they were actually able to communicate with someone who'd been in an almost vegetative state oh wow so they can use f. M.r.i. Machines to see whether people who literally can't respond to stimuli normally are actually absorbing the information that's going on which I think is quite incredible especially when you consider they've been able to stimulate people here and vegetative states to the point where they are apparently coming back out of it you think them by the c.m. Took them to be able to use it with people who are maybe locked in absolute as a way of communication absolutely So this research will actually help us understand how the brain works in the 1st place because that's one of the last great frontiers of science that's amazing David thank you so much absolutely my. Pleasure. Our 1st startup story this week also features some pretty remarkable science it's invention of my guests Roshi Malloy and Julie Bryan and their company try Medica it's a thermometer the can take a temperature with photo Ching our device is called the time Atika Chai temp and it has a clinical non touch and Harat thermometer all objects are met and should read energy as long as they're hotter than absolute 0 which is the Calvin scale so even snow that would actually met and correct energy while. The device does very very simple to you she simply point it at the center of the patient's Farid making sure there's no hair or sweat on the thing in the way but 2 fingers breath away from the fart and you click the button that says she is not the infrared energy goes through a sensor it's converted into a signal and that gives you your rating they onboard algorithm converts the surface reading to a body temperature rating so you never touch the patient in a really stressed the patient the patient can be sleeping or resting and then the from the finance side of it you don't need to use any consumables at all Ok there's no wastage than our score the doctor could take the temperature as many times as they wanted never and carrying any additional costs so when our n.h.s. And all the other health related services are so beleaguered at the moment we feel that even a modest change like this can mind up quite considerably You know there's around 80000000 pines a year Spahn told him throw away some consumables to do with taking temperature so I'm out so many n.h.s. England you're saying that's right quick quick as it can we can we try it Ok well the time to sweep your friends away you're far out there I'm just simply clicking it to switch it off and I think there's a way for it that's as the bait to get me the rating and it was a place to say. Very healthy 36.45 go for us and 36 thank you very much so that was that was very quick and there's actually no touching at all and whatsoever as you said the big draw to it seems to be the fact that it's not touch and you are so nurses and doctors can repeat it are there any kind of other demographics or play groups that you find this may be of benefit to yeah I mean there's a number of different patient cohorts that would actually benefit specifically from this and this is basically our mission statement is to bring technology for the patient benefit and bring technology into the hospitals that would benefit especially that more disadvantaged patients So for example the pediatrics and small children who you know you don't want to touch them and move them around a lot so you can take the temperature with I do not lot of movement there patients who came with her pay and we've had a lot of feedback from the hospitals that they're weak and every are to have a thermometer shoved in their ear after having had chemotherapy treatment so just as they get off to sleep some Wiccans and we have another group artistic people and want to stake chap came along and said you know this is revolutionary for me because I don't like to be touched and it would be our shattering that he didn't have to have that done anymore so the other group as geriatric patients take feedback from one of the hospitals is that when you take a measurement in an ear if the patient has had an hearing it and then the Nash takes that I had to take the Raiden and a lot of occasions they lose the hearing aid which for patients with dementia or other conditions that can set them back an awful long time they have to wit and to get in line here in EOD and obviously the cost implications of that so there are certain patient groups that will benefit even more you see what I'm looking at it it does look like quite an expensive piece of kept it merely looks like we control you the way you're saying so does the quite fancy to me that looks expensive so I'm thinking if you are you might be saving that in a 1000000 or however many and consumables for the thermometer. Home much does that actually cost if you actually look at the cost economics on it it's $5.00 to $10.00 times more cost effective than what's currently been used Really though if we look at a thermometer that uses consumables and we look at what we call whole life cost I the cost of thermometer plus the consumables over the over the lifetime of the device this can be up to a 10th of the cost as a medical device this is going to be used in hospitals and this is like intensive care and high dependency high accurate device so with the monitors going under the market the specifications are there that adheres to what they call a s.t.m. 1965 standard so it's an American standard that's there so it's plus or minus point 2 degrees c. Of accuracy so that's the standard for the market for any the moment are going on there somewhere as accurate as anybody else that's on the market but we bring the benefits of 0 consumables 0 contact and we already have a an accelerated portfolio of products in place to take that device and make it connected so vehement in a device you can see in front of you with a barcode reader and a wife a module you can identify the patient with your barcode and zap the forehead and this will go straight into the patient records system so we've already spec that and that will be within the next 12 to 18 months that we'll bring to market it's really modern medicine really I'm sure all between and what we're seeing in the middle of the hospitals hopefully Thank you guys so much for coming. Thank you. Well maybe this invention will put an end to thermometers having to go why should I put it where the sun don't shine and that will be a relief to all concerned I'm sure but believe it or not it's what comes out of there that fascinates my next guest is Professor Chris Allen a microbiologist at Queens University in Belfast and the man who's coined the immortal title for his particular specialist subject to not mix So Chris the 1st question has to bay while on earth as primo mix. Some of your listeners have heard of the omits kind of revolution that's been going through the whole of the biological sciences so you've got genomics proteomics metabolism mix so the idea was really interested in fecal microbiology and there's a technique that we use now microbiology called message you know mix another mix and you can you measure germs to learn things about very complex communities and you can learn things about feces and people material which is believe it or not there's not many about feces it's quite surprising really Yeah but and so I thought Well Ok I like to try and use methods to study feces and so I came up