Set to claim the deal to buy me Leon Isola from known for 50000000 pounds was not legally binding the Bluebirds are refusing to make interim payments for the striker who died in a plane crash on the 21st of January just Butler's controversial dismissal of a shot at Rajasthan Royals defeat Kings 11 point job in the I.P.L. But the ranks backing up at the non-strikers end by Ravi Ashwin for $69.00 it's the 2nd time the butler has been dismissed in that fashion and Michael Schumacher Some may call my kids from one test dead before for our next month the 20 year old will drive them in Bahrain a one day then the affiliated out for a mayor team the next this is B.B.C. Radio 5 Live on digital B.B.C. Sound small speak. To either a chilly start in the south England and Wales will be largely trial a few sunny intervals but more clown the Mason and Scotland and Northern Ireland will be mostly cloudy and for AC D.C. Sounds download this free B.B.C. Of F.M. Right in the U.K. On digital but on life I brought sharper up all night speed kills as the all road safety slogan where that really matters are you not trying to turn the upset before to the knob or grin as in built up areas. A new bill in the Scottish Parliament roads were jus speed in Arbonne areas 20 miles an hour it makes me sad that after so many years of the 30 mile an hour limit some drivers are still and different to the demands of their surroundings 30 on a 4 lane bypass is completely different from 30 on an hour one way street with cars parked on both sides of wide agreement on the need for this new bill if it's the only way to make a limit that works everywhere. What does the employer who has everything give him self why a tomb of course the biggest and best equipped vestibule to the afterlife imaginable and C.M. Procession she was but never sent and yet scrupulously hidden tomb which would keep its incredible secret for over 2200 years until 974 Edward Berman has written the definitive guide to the guardians who kept the tomb secret all that time the terra cotta warriors Well they were found completely by chance in the seventy's by some people who in. The early spring there was a very bad drought and they came across in fragments which is quite normal if because the looks of tombs in the area was in some very common T. Terra cotta and also some bronze weapons which are up to sleep better quality than the ones they normally found. So these families took them off trying to sell them to local dealers. And then by chance the journalists who happened to be that noticed these things on sale asked where they came from and he was the one really who understood what could have happened why these things were such high quality they had found a very important to didn't know which to because oddly enough there was no record of the 2 story of the the site with the target to worry as. There was no record of the toll they knew that there was a mostly and with the underground burial chamber in the area but if you look around that area is completely full of human lie to Fishel natural and nobody really knows on you which was which until amazing thought so what did the journalists do they did they go you know helter skelter back to base a NG and tell everybody and they are quite tickled world. Not the archaeological of the political world he was a beating journalist which meant communist parties paper and says she's 74 so he went back and rotary caught about this discovery and gives examples of the things that have been found and report very quickly got to a fairly high political level and which point somebody I'm not really sure who but somebody at a fairly high level in the government ordered a kid kilojoules early to be to be made and send. Pillages from the Shan Institute of Archaeology to do a preliminary investigation and that's really happening out there is this all happened between the end of March and the beginning of June because it's pretty fast I know the original archaeologists went out pretty spartan conditions that they didn't have much know they had nothing. They didn't even land they had nothing to eat nothing to sleep in. And they had some coupons for exchanging to get a bit of Paul they depended on the local people giving them something to eat and helping them a bit. Also because they didn't think as I said in the book that they would be there very long beyond the lead OK Oh just told me it I mean I know him personally he said that when he 1st went there he thought he was going to be all we cooked and Ace and I this is in the book he ended up being there for 35 years and he still he's still in his eighty's actively involved as much as he can be he was studying publishing. We wanted to make it yeah go bigger and bigger when did they realize what they've got well very quickly because when he had excavated the 1st bit there were 4 bit dug into the ground in which she figures were put out and then these plates will cover all over with straw on earth when he experienced the 1st bit and realized that it was about $100.00 yards long and 50 or 60 yards wide totally full of broken statues of horses and human figures and weapons he understood that it was something very very important and then they remembered there had been legends consider me the Tomb of the 1st emperor. Teria for for centuries just nobody had ever mentioned the term warriors who were buried underground. So they could put $2.00 and $2.00 together because they knew where the mausoleum us. As you have said this was still during the Cultural Revolution at least it was during the aftermath immediate aftermath of the Cultural Revolution where they never sin fact about what might happen to these artifacts Yes a lot of people were nervous the the little people were nervous because they thought they could get into trouble by having even though. The people who did the research were noticed because they weren't sure. Who was very carefully controlled politically but very quickly in the sense that between 19741979 they had identified most of the site and already built a museum because they understood that it was something politically historically very important showing how powerful China was just over 2000 years ago. Was it immediately obvious then that this was the Tomb of the 1st Empress she won very quickly yes because as I just said they knew that the most Liam. Was just over half a mile away so it was easy to do to 2 together nobody had understood the little bit of confusion over the language doesn't explain in the book in fact that actually the 2 was in a burial chamber underneath a mound which was an artificial Hill the Warriors were buried about a mile away. When I say mausoleum area which was thought until now to be about 50 square miles was a huge area in which there was the lead the to marry the territories and a lot of other things as well so they did this quickly understood that only one imprint could have done that. And bigger than by far than any of the pyramids. Yes well the area yes absolutely nose high is a buildings the in the mountains those are there is now actually the most interesting thing that will come out in the last 23 years which I put in the end of the book which nobody knew before Europe is actually the area was probably twice as big as has always been said to be. The guides for years or spoken about 50 square kilometers the now chief archaeologist believes that it's as much as 100 square kilometers the whole area. Before we talk about the terra cotta as let's talk about the Emperor himself because he was from your account an enormously important rule maker I mean he standardized his rule across a vast area and also it really interesting way a road builder it's as if roads were were a tremendous instrument of empire for him. Yes he understood the necessity for communications in that case he was very advanced but at the same time remember that in Europe the Romans were doing something very similar exactly the same time building or a system so a lot of ancient rulers understood the need for rubbish communications. And ancestors had any way of being to him is a very long time is great great great grandfather built a road down in. 350 years earlier so there was a very long tradition of building roads standardizing measurements which he didn't do by himself some of it already been done he total credit but I stress I think one of the differences in my book is I have these 23 chapters and I should tell the story from 1000 defocused up to him explaining how he is if you like a logical consequence where is he went before. and they are a terrifying bunch his ancestors aren't him tell us this fellow this mood he would he would have some of his core tears killed and are you know ritual it commit suicide wouldn't he that was a a practice law looking to be very rarely eat yes but that's i think a little bit misunderstood as a as a trying to explain if if you are the emperor who is certainly going to live for ever and i am yokota it might be a pretty good bet for me to kill my sil to do with you to in hans by him chances of survival you know the 3 life was not at important so the lot of these were not ridgeley murdered but quite probably suicide's to joy the empress you know if i had the chance of living for ever simply by killing myself who kind of faust impact right now today you know i'm be very interested the concept another to oversee one happens so i the never lot of yeah i was quite as bad as we think still i'd like this i still i don't really like this me that marquesas yarrow of hom who was asleep one day when something happened than he took terrible retribution yes of story yes well well you had to be powerful new had to be strong here had to have route your you should so the cutting off 50000 it it's all lined she 1000 heads all and really very important for lint it was very very necessary to to demonstrate real power and authority and again it was a tradition of this for hundreds of he is it wasn't something the suddenly appeared out of nothing just like to mike to continue his a pirlo the room of the didn't come out of nothing the bean around fighting and establishing power since the foundational read capital 500 years defo this trade you takes time to build up to an emperor So he's fault falling asleep or he's fallen asleep and he's uncovered and the people around them are just beside themselves because they don't really know what to do and one of them decides to put a coat on him just to keep him out all cozy and warm Yes. That sort of thing to do and then unfortunately the Marquess decides to take terrible retribution Yes Well again it's just it was his duty it would be we should feel well you see but I fail to understand why somebody who is the keeper of the crowd gets knocked off because he puts you know if it tries to keep his Emperor warm and yet there's a gala the justification was well that wasn't his job that was the job of the coat keeper Yes it was kind of napping at the time yes you know in Florida in the cause which exists today in the United Kingdom something similar. Is there for example outside because there is not member of the internet cannot touch somebody at the center of the family there would be if it was necessary in a sort of Walter at least fashion to cover so to full of all somebody walking through water. With coax to make it easier it would have to be somebody very closely related other words it would be one of the Chamberlain's or one of the 2 laws of all around the queen not just somebody like me who felt sorry for her it's not my role is my duty they have a very structured hide precise series of jobs and regulations so they were always very conscious of one thing could do what they could do I think that's the best chance to work story but you know it sounds good so this isn't my story yes yes OK So so the Emperor actually dies when he's in the midst of building. Most phenomenal palace or maybe it palaces what can you tell us about his is ambitions as far as all that was concerned. Well obviously we don't know everything but we do know that from the moment he became he decided or he knew in his mind that he had to be able to demonstrate his wealth and rule the country for ever the number is 10210000 he has 10000 in trying he just means very little time or LOT OF A LOT OF A lot of miles it is a 10000 miles but he knew that he had to impress the people but he also needed to demonstrate that he really subdued the other 6 warring states that he had defeated to become emperor so he had to occupy the palaces make them bigger than they were before so that everybody understood who is the real boss and demonstrate even with his vast mausoleum. How different he was in the world the change he. It was simply a statement of political power and success but he had been preparing for it since he was child. Lot of this module am seems to be built a underground when you have to go down into it how was it actually constructed. Well and built like a modern skyscraper in you they dug a huge pit maybe 4 meters deep 100 by and by by 60 or 70 meters and to lead us out and then you had like the foundation for a modern building then they built parallel walls along the lens last year to last in the pit to create corals on and covered the corridors with with straw would work. Like a miner really. And then made it invisible by covering it up with earth and planting Bush's trees. And the idea of this was was to make it invisible but that was a very simple construction technique they did the same outside the 2 by the way because then they dug down in a similar way and build royal palaces homes for his concubines who also followed him quite probably willingly it to death and build an underground city which respect which was unparalleled what was above and this was his way of continuing in a way that other people could never see it. It was a true. I think certainly idea that he as a spirit if you like would walk out of his underground city and it would be exactly as if he never died at all something like that yes absolutely in fact according to to to the rights of Joe as as a mention a book and also some way to handle Q. And. A The idea would is that he would come out 4 times a year to beginning each season and go on a trip around his dominions stretching as far as the sea in the east so he would come out from the West Gate get into a chariot which was half size because it since he was a lizard it did not need of whose side is generated and he would go and visit after purification rights or visiting his ministers a coyote these activities he would get into its carriage with a written you courtiers and soldiers and visit the extreme of his of his and by which is exactly what he did when he was when he was alive actually has been more than half his reign on the road establishing his authority in the previous 6 states and it is a state he died as you know while he was on one of these tours inspection tools that he used to carry out. Almost annually so that as he turned. He would do this 4 times a year probably according to some documents. Visited his or her teacher known for his own party and then come back and read into his to go back for a year for 3 months until the next trip there were this is why today I think the biggest difference in the last 10 or 15 years ago terra cotta warriors is it is this idea that I believe absolutely that there are no worries or told that the quality is rather like the lifeguards who accompany the queen who were there. To misquote him and to to welcome him back to facing east he didn't need gods because such a powerful man could not possibly have enemies in his own Old Hickory So these were ceremonial guards to greet him on his return from his tours to demonstrate to the people who with him he was still a very powerful man a little because he was a spirit inside a carriage and this is this makes not only the. Reason for the worries being the more interesting but also more excludable the fact that they had these alert have styles that they didn't have weapons they were in their ceremonial gods This is one of the biggest changes which the archaeologist 40 years ago when they started working there could never because they just didn't have the evidence. One of the amazing things as you've said is he surrounded by courtiers he's not just surrounded by Cortez he's trying to buy very specific groups of people musicians actors of bats. This one the strong man who seems to be about 7 feet tall and he's you know the size of a side of a house by all account yes you know he he was he was he still on public view but there is a little picture on the inside cover my book because we weren't allowed to photograph the bill they took a picture me to show it was them by chance they took a picture of me with this mug behind so you can see the raw trader over there on the draft. Of the book day's ride to the back with his head but he wasn't asked now he's also this is another thing puzzled the traditional archaeologists and historians the fabulous he was the 1st person they discovered who had been sitting down. Which gives a completely different idea of what was going on I mean he wasn't simply standing in line he was actually doing something had a purpose and this connects with the with the the the Emperor when he comes out to see the games and competitions for strength visiting his his aviary and seeing his animals me and his visitors that's it is lazing thing isn't it enters into them so yes these are all designed for his pleasure when he came out of his on his. Forehand you trips so humans are a world that imitated the real world outside I'm probably inside. There is a relief we believe most people know there's a relief map of the Empire with the rivers and the mountains and lots of other activities so he had a little microcosm inside the tube around his now is like the troops are in the burial chamber around the tube which code the real situation above on the ground and this is quite a fantastic idea. But before we talk about that let's let's talk about the warriors themselves because. Maybe those questions unanswered how many are. Roughly $8000.00 and over think are they which up to now 2000 are being excavated. How big are they that. What we would call rugby players I mean 66 feet 7 feet most of them are pretty big. But also remember that they're all being reconstituted because they were broken into fragments when they were discovered not a single figure has been found intact. Why why is that what happened to the mausoleum immediately after the emperor of death almost certainly the people who created the hand. Did some raids in the tomb and maybe destroyed some things but apart from that I think just the natural process of erosion that the weather is very dramatic there that it can go up to 40 degree century it is down to minus 10 in the winter. There's a very heavy rains in the spring and in the winter and so want to see down the hall broke off and eventually great chunks of the ceiling collapsed and that's what did the damage. And you can see in fact in one of the pictures in the book and. In the 2nd pit that has not yet been completely excavated. You can see very clearly how the roof has collapsed so they were broken more I think by that than by people attacking all marauding with the territory as. One of the pictures in the book shows 2 very brightly painted Warriors were recovered quite late in the piece but it makes you think that they were all that brightly painted That's what they certainly were yes they certainly were painted around one of the reasons you can see the color in most of them and you can see the recent ones like the one on the on the cover of the book was simply because of the weather in the area when the 2 was open. And the 1st the leader killed just wanted to be in working it was in July. Most of the archaeological work was done in the summer because