they were and most of the men fighting with rusty old ak-47s and some of them fight iing in e sneakers and the sandals, and they did not appear to have great training, and they were complaining pretty regularly actually about the level of weaponry they had to fight with, and they didn't have the heavier weapon, and the armor piercing weapons, and along with the coterie of smaller militias will try to take on the stronghold of raqqa, and from our perspective, it was clear that it would not have happened without some major uptick or major momentum against u.s. support. this is certainly going to represent a dramatic shift in the dynamic there. >> all right. clarissa, standby, if you will, and i want to fit in a quick break and not before i put this on the table, and that is the iraq redux, and we heard months and months ago, and vice and assist experts in iraq on the