application. we remember in 2013, it was the eu application -- the ukrainian application to 89join the eu an signature on the association, kind of the first step. that triggered president putin's attempt to get president yanukovych to go away from that. that cost the revolution of the dignity, and the eu is an component as well as nato. eu is a near-term possibility, and nato, both a possibility, still, both in the ukrainian constitution. and both could be a turning point. >> ambassador william taylor, thank you for your expertise. >> thank you. it's been roughly three weeks since russia invaded ukraine.