We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things not because they are easy but because they are hard. The eagle has landed. Now we can see you coming down. A moonshot for all of humanity. One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. That first walk on the moon was over 40 years ago. In this hour well explore five great moon shots of today. Sending astronauts to mars 3d printing a human heart, creating a star on earth, flying from new york to london in an hour and mapping the human brain. Welcome to a gps special, moon shots for the 21st century. It was early december 2014 at cape canaveral. Beautiful morning for a launch in florida. But it felt a little bit like the days of apolo. Go. Bp. Go. Status check. Go delta. At the top of a delta 4 heavy rocket sat orion, the spacecraft nasa has designed for sending human beings to mars. Three, two, one, and liftoff. At dawn the dawn of orion, the new era of American Space exploration. It went farther into face than any other nasa craft meant for humans in over 40 years. Fourteen times higher than the International Space station. We are now just a few miles away from reaching peak altitude. Then it returned at speeds of up to 20,000 Miles Per Hour withstanding 4,000 degree heat. Before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean. Orions maiden flight from start to finish was picture perfect. The trip lasted only four and a half hours. But nasa hopes future versions of orion will take the much longer journey with astronauts all the way to mars. When the American People get behind something and International Community gets behind it we can do anything we want to do. Charles bowden has served leaving in 2009. Usually emotional but an incredible day. Anybody who knows whats going on and doesnt tear up they are pretty hard. Why send a manned mission to mars. This is going to be expensive, challenging, why do it. We have to. You have to send a human somewhere if you really want to find difficult answers. Is there life somewhere else in our universe. Is there the real possibility that humans can exist somewhere away from earth . Thats really really important. I happen to be one who believes a multiplanet species can survive in perpetuity. Single planet species will die away. Nasa says it will send humans to mars in the 2030s. They are making more progress toward that goal than you might realize. Eight, seven, six to cheat earths gravity with a crew of astronauts and the things they will need for mars nasa needs a new ride. Liftoff. So its building a new generation of rockets, some of the largest, most powerful rockets it has ever built, measuring taller than the statue of liberty. A massive welding tool will piece together cylinders and domes that will make up the rockets fuel tanks. To save a few bucks, nasa will use engines from the old Space Shuttle fleet which still have talent of power. After leaving earthish the astronauts will face at least 34 million miles of space travel a months long journey, nasa says. The whole mission could last three years. Human beings can go crazy in that kind of cramped longterm isolation. So to see how a crew can cope nasa is funding isolation studies like the High Seas Mission mission. Five people spent four months in a small dome on the marslike volcano in hawaii. This is the main living space right here. There was a 20minute communication delay with the outside world, similar to what mars as knauss would face. The only time they were allowed to leave the habitat was in space suits. Okay. We havent had a huge amount of interpersonal conflict although every once in a while not always facing away from the camera. To keep track of the mood crew members wore devices that detected the volume of their voices and their proximity to one another. Their writing analyzed by a Computer Program that looked for telling words and phrases. Words that tend to have stronger emotional content. Obviously key words like frustrated and jerk and stuff like that could be signs but also subtler signs as well. The day the mission ended was a happy one for the crew. They told us things went well. What i found really difficult is but admitted there was some testy moment. Sixty days in youre going why am i reacting this way. I never react this way. This isnt who i am. The final leg of the journey might be the most difficult of all, the landing. Touchdown confirmed. Nasa hopes to learn from the landings of mars rovers like curiosity roaming for years now. I remember being bewildered. A decade of my life is done. It worked. Adam steltsner is the rock star Rocket Scientist at the nasas jet propulsion whose team made it happen. Mars has an annoying atmosphere. Its very thin equivalent to the atmosphere on earth, 120 to 150,000 feet. That was too thin to slow down curiosity enough with parachutes so a craft that would lower the surface with cable, speed off and crash land a safe distance away. We knew every time we spoke of it wed lose our credibility because it looked so crazy. The crazy plan worked. Landing humans on the red planet will be a lot harder than landing a rover. Curiosity was about two tons two metric tons as she approached the surface of mars. And we think that a human vessel would be Something Like 20 or 40 metric tons as it approached the surface of mars. Whats the single hardest thing about getting to mars . Convincing people its worth it is the single most difficult thing, convincing the american taxpayer the administration the congress that its really worth this and that there is a benefit to be gained is probably the single most much more difficult than the technological challenges out there. Do you wish though there was a much more ambitious funding fareed see, youre going to get me in trouble. Yes, im the nasa administrator. I always wash for much much more. This is very hard. This is very risky. We are going to lose things and people along the way, but its so worth it. What were going to do for humanity by making us a multiplanet species is unimagine achblt its mind boggling the way its going to be an advantage to humanity. We cant even imagine that. Coming up 3d prynners can make some amaze things these days. But what about printing human organs . One man says 10 years from now he will be able to print an entire human heart. And later a moonshot for energy. Well show you how scientists are trying to create a star right here on earth. If you suffer from a dry mouth then youll know how uncomfortable it can be. But did you know that the lack of saliva can also lead to tooth decay and bad breath . Well, there is biotene specially formulated with moisturizers and lubricants. Biotene can provide soothing relief and it helps keep your mouth healthy too. Biotene, for people who suffer from a dry mouth. woman the constipation and belly pain feel like a knot. How can i ease this pain . man when i cant go, its like bricks piling up. I wish i could find some relief. announcer ask your doctor about linzess a oncedaily capsule for adults with ibs with constipation or chronic idiopathic constipation. Linzess is thought to help calm painsensing nerves and accelerate bowel movements. It helps you proactively manage your symptoms. Do not give linzess to children under 6, and it should not be given to children 6 to 17. It may harm them. Dont take linzess if you have a bowel blockage. Get immediate help if you develop unusual or severe stomach pain especially with bloody or black stools the most common side effect is diarrhea, sometimes severe. If its severe stop taking linzess and call your doctor right away. Other side effects include gas stomacharea pain and swelling. Bottom line, ask your doctor about linzess today. Its effects on society really came about because, not because i was selfish and wanted one for myself, which i did. Its because i had, had a passion. My whole life i wanted to teach myself to build computers. I wanted to build these things for free. I just wanted to do it for the world and you know when you want something, thats what you do the best. Ready for another reason to switch to tmobile . Get two lines of unlimited 4g lte data for just 100 a month. Stuck with the other guys . Well buy out your contract . Up to 650 per line. So dont wait, switch to tmobile today. Perfect. Put your bracelet on. Fiveyearold ella cruz needs a new heart. Pictures of your belly, okay, then some of you, okay . She was born with a serious heart defect. Three open heart surgeries werent enough to fix it. Breathe. Only the right sized heart with the right blood type will do. Even though shes in the top priority category for a transplant shes been waiting for months. This is one thing that attacks every single emotion you have in your body. Fear, anxiety, every day. Hi. Hey, ella. How are you . Thousands of americans like ella are on the National Waiting List for a heart, according to the u. S. Government. Even if they get one, their bodies may reject it. But what if doctors could manufacture a heart with a patients own cells using a 3d printer . That new machine that makes everything from food to shoes to cars. If that sounds like a pipe dream, say hello to the bioassembly bot. Its a robot that can already print several parts of the heart. I can tell the robot printer to print this for us. This is what we are going to print for you. Blood vessels, valves and the hearts walls. It can print these parts with living, human cells. And one of its master minds believes it can print an entire heart within a moonshot time frame. I really think if we put a large team together, which we are, i think we can get there within ten years. Dr. Stewart williams at the university of louisville leads the team working toward this goal. Verify and keep eyes on pressures. For williams, the goal is personal. My dad dies of Heart Disease and the devices, the instruments that would really have been necessary to keep his heart functioning were not available at that time. So it really grew out of a personal vendetta that i had against cardiovascular pathology. Now, he and his colleagues are pioneers in the field of bioprinting. We are taking biology and making it i. T. Having built a six axis robot that they say would create a heart right in the operating room. What would this look like visually . Im still trying to understand. You press a button and this thing would actually print a heart . Is that what would happen . Precisely. That is the plan. Mri images of a healthy heart. Hold your breath. Would be converted into a digital 3d model. The patients own fat would be taken out and converted to the different cells that make up the heart. We now have these incredible capabilities to take an adult cell and transform it into other types of cells. Parts of the heart would then be bioprinted, piece by piece and soon you would have a new heart. How long would it take to print a heart . The printing of a heart, i believe, could be accomplished in essentially a single day. Doctor williams and his team arent the only bioprinters on the block. A group at Cornell University has bioprinted a human ear. Cold collagen being the positive on the warm plate. What that enables you to get is really sharp edges and sharp boundaries. It takes the doctor and his team just 15 minutes to print one. They are pretty robust. You know, i can pick them up. It will bend and do the things normal cartilage should do. Other body parts they estimate this is a meniscus. Could be used in human trials in less than five years. It brings the ability to make thousands, millions of tissue and customize them for individual people. The heart has one major blood vessel called the left main artery. Whats stopping us from making better organs asks dr. Williams . Whoever put this original plan together put one major blood vessel leading into the left side, the major part of the heart. When that becomes dysfunctional, we call it the widow maker. When the vessel fails, the patient will often die. We can build a new heart based upon a design that has two or three blood vessels, a redundancy in this organ. Do you sometimes worry that youre playing god, that youre actually creating human beings, parts of human beings . I dont worry about that. I certainly hope this technology can benefit as many people as is possible. Do you have any questions . No. People like ella kroese and the millions of others who suffer from Heart Defects and Heart Disease all right, miss ella, i think you are doing great. If dr. Williams moonshot becomes a reality, children like ella may not be waiting for a heart any longer. If somebody could tell you, hey, i can make you an organ in x, y, z time, it would be huge for a family. Coming up, scientists believe they could help power the world with a moonshot for energy, creating a star here on earth. Later, a new jet engine could have us flying at five times the speed of sound. That would mean you could get anywhere in the world in just four hours. So,as my personal financial psychic, im sure you know what this meeting is about. Yes, a raise. Im letting you go. I knew that. You see, this is my amerivest managed. Balances. No. Portfolio. And if doesnt perform well for two consecutive gold. Quarters. Quarters. Yup. Then amerivest gives me back their advisory. Stocks. Fees. Fees. Fees for those quarters. 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The complete balanced nutrition of great tasting ensure. 24 vitamins and Minerals Antioxidants and 9 grams of protein. I see you cupcake. Uh oh the 1 doctor recommended brand. Ensure. Nutrition in charge theres a gap out there. Thats keeping you from the healthcare you deserve. At humana, we believe the gap will close when healthcare gets simpler. When frustration and paperwork decrease. When grandparents get to live at home instead of in a home. So lets do it. Lets simplify healthcare. Lets close the gap between people and care. The sun, 27 million degrees fahrenheit. 4. 6 billion years old. What if we could somehow bring this blazing ball of energy down to earth to power our world. In southern france, at this construction site, a team of scientists is trying to do just that. In the center of this pit, they are hoping to pull off one of the most audacious feats of physics, creating a star. We want to create a sun here on earth. Dr. Ned sotter, a plasma physicist leads the u. S. Contribution to this effort. A collaboration of 35 countries representing over half the worlds population including china and russia. The project is latin for the way. If its successful, it would be one of mankinds most significant achievements ever. You are going to create a temperatures on earth that is thousands of times hotter than anything on earth, correct . We are trying to create the hottist thing in the solar system. You are trying to do something that people thought was unimaginable. Absolutely true. Here is how it would work. The suns energy comes from Nuclear Fusion in which atoms fuse together. The device creates fusion heating forms of hydrogen to temperatures ten times hotter than the sun. Containing that hot gas would be a powerful Magnetic Field created by big super conducting magnets. Its a Magnetic Field 100,000 times stronger than the earths Magnetic Field. It shields the heat. Thats correct. This sounds so dangerous. What if it explodes in some sense . First of all, this thing is very hard to keep going. Understand, we are not talking here about Nuclear Fission reactions, which by todays Nuclear Reactors can lead to meltdowns like chernobyl. Controlled Nuclear Fission reactions are actually very, very difficult to sustain. But they hope to create the longest, most sufficient, most powerful one ever, a milestone that could change the world. We are exploiting a huge energy source. Mark henderson, another physicist, notes that you could get all the hydrogen you need to power fusion from one of the most abundant resources on earth, ocean water. Theres enough hydrogen in the ocean to power humanity with fusion for millions of years. Fusion reactions wouldnt produce any carbon emissions. What this is is a future investment for your children and your childrens children. It may be a noble experiment, but success will not come easily. Almost everything here is a challenge because of the High Accuracy and very large components. This man has one of the hardest jobs on the project. Smoothing out technical issues between the countries as they build a very complex machine. China making cables for the super conducting magnets. The u. S. Is winding cables and building the largest magnet. India is making the Enormous Steel structure that will surround will magnets. Thats just a sampling of the work these countries and others are doing. This is a political will because Everyone Wants to gain the knowledge to build a fusion reactor after this. Already, the estimated cost has skyrocketed. In an internal review of the project leaked to the new yorker said it was mired in gridlock. Some criticism about the project that its not being managed well. Perhaps because it is so international. How do you respond to that . I respond iter isnt just science and technology but an experiment in international cooperation. Iter officials and others in the fusion field insist that the Science Behind iter is sound. If Fusion Energy can eventually be harnessed, it woul