We agree that the 60s saw explosive social change. But the question is why in the 60s, eric . There are period in history as i can see it when energy comes to a boil. You are living in a time of incredible economic growth. In theory, things had never, ever, ever been better. It was just a really american Norman Rockwell vision. But the trouble is there are all kinds of tensions. Civil Rights Movement is the seminal event of the 1960s that ignites so many changes in society. The day has come when racism must be banished. The civil Rights Movement was incredibly inspiring. But at the same time, the women in it were not recognized as leaders in the same way that the men were. It said to us if these movements we love still are not equal, then there has to be an autonomous womens movement. Mr. President , the democratic platform promises to work for equal rights for women, including equal pay. What have you done for the women . Im sure we havent done enough. [ laughter ] in 1961, president kennedy creates the commission on the status of women. That commission produced a report in 1963 that revealed things like the fact that women earned 59 cents for every dollar that men earned. That women were kept out of the most lucrative professional positions. Women couldnt open a bank account in their own name. They couldnt get credit. They certainly couldnt open their own business. Women couldnt serve on juries in some states. There was one kind of disadvantage after another that was revealed altogether in this one report. Perhaps you would be willing to tell the people what you feel is the real need for it. We want to be sure that the women are used as effectively as they can to provide a better life for our people, in addition to meeting their primary responsibility, which is in the home. Womens position as it had traditionally been was that they were husbands help mates. Jack, what is your definition of a husband . I think its like driving the horse. Hes got to hold the reins. There are just a couple of reins. And if there are two people hoeding the reins, the horse is going to go skitter scatter everywhere, you know. The husband is the person who is in charge and should be all of the time. Well, by the 1960s, womens position was changing. There was a big change going on in the country. People were talking about this book called the feminine mystique. A woman today has been made to feel freakish and alone and guilty if simply she wants to be more than her husbands wife. Betty friedan wrote very much out of her own personal experience. The feminine mystique said women were suffering from a problem that has no name, a vague sense of disfigures with the lack of meaning, the lack of opportunity in their lives. So many women read the feminine mystique and said thats it. Thats why im so angry. It was a huge, huge deal at the time. The middle class woman up and down america is just so wretchedly unhappy that she is sick. You could call it by anything you like, but it is wretchedly boring to be with little tiny children one end of the day the other, especially if you think that you should love it all the time. Women who are being educated for one way of life, which was one in which they had brains, and then they were supposed to have wombs and arms to run vacuum cleaners. And that was a mismatch. Betty friedan called for blowing up the rules. You cannot be given equality. You have to assume it. And it had a hugely profound impact. Young women started to see other women saying that women had not gotten enough out of life. And the point was you dont have to be this. Choose what you want, but you dont have to be this one thing. Here she is, mrs. Helen gurley brown. Helen gurley brown had lived without being married very happily, dating men, having sex, supporting herself. And she wrote a book sex and the single girl which was about her life. And it became a huge hit. Isnt this whole subject of sex being discussed and written and talked about too much . I can expect a reactionary opinion like that from you. I dont think that at all. She openly talked about sex and said you wont get struck by a lightning bolt if you have sex before youre married. For average run of the mill women, it was a bigger deal than the feminine mystique. Now that its all right to discuss sex, people are now talking about it a great deal. And i dont think thats so bad. Yes, arthur . I think that talking about sex wastes such a lot of time. Helen gurley brown pointed out that the guys had one standard, the women had another. And that was a revelation. Rules that had existed for a thousand years just overnight they were gone. In a recent survey, 44 of the high school and College Girls questioned said they approve of sexual intercourse before marriage if theyre serious about the young man. Do either of you approve for yourselves of intercourse before marriage . Yes, i do. Yes i would say. Sexual revolution or sexual renaissance . The experts are still trying to define it. Where the reward was that what if tnew car smelledit card and the freedom of the open road . A card that gave you that im 16 and just got my first car feeling. Presenting the buypower card from capital one. Redeem earnings toward part or even all of a new chevrolet, buick, gmc or cadillac with no limits. So every time you use it, youre not just shopping for goods. Youre shopping for something great. Learn more at buypowercard. Com [ woman ] if you have moderate to severe Rheumatoid Arthritis like me, and youre talking to your rheumatologist about a biologic. This is humira. This is humira helping to relieve my pain. 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This is humira at work. If your denture moves, it can irritate your gums. Try fixodent plus gum care. It helps stop denture movement and prevents gum irritation. Fixodent. And forget it. Cbs reports Birth Control and the law. This is a very personal program. Sometimes the most private matters are also public matters. It is about babies that bless a home and babies that can haunt a home. Reproductive freedom means its a basic human right to decide whether and when to have children. But reproductive freedom had not been enunciated in that way. The basic disagreement stems from the differences in the moral attitudes towards Birth Control. In 1957, the pill was approved by the fda for severe menstrual distress. What became funny is then everyone seemed to be suffering from severe menstrual distress. It wasnt until 1960 the pill was actually approved by the fda for Birth Control. The pill was originally very hard to get. It wasnt like you just went down to the pharmacy and picked it up. That took quite a while. This woman asked her doctor for Birth Control information. He said the best thing for me to do was not to be close to my husband. And if i didnt want to get that way, it was up to me. Well, im 100 against Birth Control because its immoral. Its the same as prostitution or abortion. There has always been pushback against Birth Control. Even when the fda approved the pill, it was still illegal for many women across the country. So estelle griswald, who was the president of planned parenthood in connecticut decided she was going to challenge this, and she began handing out Birth Control, knowing full well she would probably be arrested, which she was. On the 24th of november, we issued two warrants, one against estelle griswald, and the other against dr. Seeley buxton in violation of the contraceptive issue. The case changed everything. I think its very evidence that the law is unenforceable. I think if you had a policeman under every bed in the state of connecticut, they still could not prove anything. We are continuing, maybe illegally, but we are continuing our program. The case went to the Supreme Court and made Birth Control legal finally for married couples only. And it was several years later that Birth Control became legal for all women. It was very, very important because it both decriminalized contraception and established the right to privacy. How many states repealed their law against Birth Control just in this past year . Ten states changed or repealed their laws against Birth Control. But if i can add the end of 1964 to that, it makes it 13. So thats kind of a national movement. Nearly seven million mesh women are now taking oral contraceptives, and theyre said to be almost 100 effective. The Birth Control pill meant suddenly women could finish their education. They could go in the workforce. And that is what radically changed i think life for women in america is that ability to not only plan their families, but to plan their lives. What happened when you went inside . Well, when i went inside, it said no women. What do you feel about this idea that they wont hire women . We feel thats it unfair. Because we feel that women will work just as good as men and better. Were not hiring women at this particular time for the very simple reason the jobs we have available are jobs that only men are able to do. When the 1964 Civil Rights Act was going through congress, an amendment was inserted to make it illegal to discriminate on the basis of gender as well as race. No one took it seriously. The National Organization of women is founded to press forward on that one issue. Whats the objective of the new organization, n. O. W. . Equality for women in truly equal partnership with men. One of n. O. W. s campaign is to make the Civil Rights Act of 1964 really be enforced. Suddenly the Ivy League Colleges began to open their doors to women for the first time. The quotas against women in the accounting field and the legal field and the medical field began to drop away. Betty friedan wanted results. She wanted something to happen, and it started happening. Basic training for stewardesses is meant to turn a girl into a woman. The airline gives her beauty tips, a sense of responsibility. Stewardesses must be slinky sex symbols. Pilots can be homely and bald. They had hearings on the Airline Industry and the stewardess situation, because of course stewardesses were fired if they got married. And they had to have a certain weight and height, and their hands had to be soft. We have an issue of 32 age retirement because behind that retirement lies the future of the whole profession. The Airline Executives are saying their clients are not going to get on board the plane unless there is a beautiful young unmarried woman greeting them at the stairs. What are you girls asking the congress to do for you . Were asking them to give us an equal chance to continue in the job that we have chosen as a profession. There is no bona fide reason for terminating girls because they reach 32 or 35 years of age. Dont you girls know that thats going to happen when you take the job . We know that the companies have applied this policy. Were hoping and are asking to find a way to change this policy. Congress began enforcing the title vii job discrimination laws. Things did begin to happen. The barriers started coming down, and it was real results. I make a lot of purchases for my business. And i get a lot in return with ink plus from chase. Like 50,000 bonus points when i spent 5,000 in the first 3 months after i opened my account. And i earn 5 times the rewards on internet, phone services and at Office Supply stores. With ink plus i can choose how to redeem my points. Travel, gift cards, even cash back. And my rewards points wont expire. 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My name is hugh hefner, and im editor and publisher of playboy magazine. In eight years ive built an empire worth 20 million. Gloria steinem was a reporter and a very pretty one. So she went undercover at a bunny at the playboy club. I remember the young woman who took my false bio. I had said i was a secretary, and thought being a bunny would be more exciting. And she leaned forward and whispered to me and said honey, if you can type, you dont want to work here. Bunnies are forbidden to wear jewelry, pale lipstick or gold or green nail varnish. The cottontail must be clean and sparkling. Gloria revealed how they were paid and how they were running around in a club with their breasts exposed and a tail on their butt and with men sort of snapping the napkin at them as they walked by. So through her reporting, she was showing sexism in all its different flavors. That assignment, it was not a great experience. But in retrospect, im glad i did it because i got a notice from hugh hefner. And they did change the working conditions of those women for the better. Gloria steinem challenged every stereotype of a feminist. She was this fabulous looking incredibly smart, direct speaking woman. Forgive me, but i always thought that you had to be stacked, absolutely stacked to be a bunny girl. How did you get the job . Well, you dont have to be stacked to be a bunny. In fact, all of that is usually stuffed with gem socks or something. Its where the girls keep their tips. Its sort of traveling cash depositor to is all. Gloria steinem could disarm even her harshest critics with humor and humility. But she was willing to challenge patriarchy at every step of the way. Gloria steinem became a brilliant spokesperson for the Womens Liberation Movement. Weve been much too lawabiding and too docile for too long. But i think that period is about over. The latest threat to the status quo in america is the womens revolt. This is the symbol for the female. The Womens Liberation Movement has added the equal signs. As a lot of women know, including this one, equality is often missing. You have this sort of bubbling up of a desire for real equality. And then you get women beginning to gel from communitybased activism to real solid organizing. The Womens Liberation Movement was a parallel movement to Betty Friedans the National Organization for women. So almost as soon as n. O. W. Has formed in 1966, women liberation groups are emerging around the country. This Younger Generation moves in and very much broadens the perspective of the womens movement. All of these things build on one another. And this Younger Group not only believed that you needed economic power, but that you needed a revolution in the relationship between the sexes. It was revolution going on outside. But on television it wasnt a real live girl. And thats what i wanted to do. That girl. Now that is an incredibly subversive television show, absolutely amazing. Daddy was just giving me a lecture on sex education. Why would you need a lecture on sex . What i meant was answer knows all there is to know about sex. I wasnt married to donald, my boyfriend. I was doing a Television Series about a single girl who didnt want to get married and wanted to live on her own. I mean, this was like completely unheard of. The character that marlo thomas played was a fantastic model of womenhood herself. That was the First Time Ever on television that the woman was allowed to have an independent autonomous life and adventures of her own. It is amazing we waited until the 60s to break the walls down, but it was time. Everything to do in any movement is how do you get the spotlight and focus it on the issue. We decided for at least one week starting yesterday to do everything we can to fight pollution. And donald, that means all kinds of pollution there is air pollution, food pollution, there is waste. I felt strongly about the fact that we could not ignore what the issues of the day were for everything. There appears to be growing concern amongs scientists that there is a possibility of dangerous longrange side effects from the widespread use of ddt and other pesticides. Have you considered asking the Public Health service to take a closer look at this . Yes. And i know that they already are. I think particularly since this conference broke. But they are examining the matter. Rachel carson wrote this book about pesticides called silent spring in 1962 and talked about the longterm impacts, the concept of latency and bioaccumulation which were all new terms. Farm animals were dying with regulari