I would say the general mood is not optimistic for major legislation. Will republicans be able to hold firm in the senate on the confirmation process . It sure seems like the Senate Republicans are not planning on changing their tune anytime soon. Every time that the white house goes out of its way to pretend that there is some sort of changing of the tide you immediately hear from senator mcconnell and judiciary chairman Chuck Grassley saying exactly the opposite. It doesnt look like anything is going to move on that until after the election. Thanks for being on newsmakers this week. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] the book tells both the story of the fact that the manuscript, this national treasure, wasnt what we thought. While also trying to chronologically think about, what was madison encountering at the time . And keeping those two narrative straight was quite tricky. Maryight on q and a, sarah bilder discusses her book madisons hand, which takes a look at the notes James Madison wrote in between the conventions constitutional conventions. He took notes on pieces of paper, and he full did those sheets in half, and then at some point, he sewed all of these people pieces of paper together into a manuscript. One of the things we noticed was that the last quarter of the manuscript, the holes he had earlier ones,the and is confirmed my suspicion that the end of the many script had been written later. It was a wonderful thing to get to see that in person. 8 00 p. M. Night at eastern on cspans q a. This month, we showcase our winners, cspans annual documentary film competition for middle and high school students. This years theme is road to the white house, and students were asked, which issues do you want President Shall candidates to discuss . Fromf our winners are maryland. R and prestonheime beatty want president ial candidates to discuss criminal Justice Reform. Imagine 100 different American Adults of different economic, ethnic, political, religious, and racial backgrounds. Odds are one of those people is currently in jail. One of the most stunning facts about the u. S. In karsh race and system is that while u. S. Citizens account for just 5 of the worlds population, u. S. Incarcerated citizens represent 25 of the worlds incarcerated population. Individuals are serving time for drugrelated crimes. Mandatory minimums where judicial discretion is limited by law are a controversial part of the criminal Justice System. These laws increase the time served by a convicted individual and leave little to no ability for a judge to give an individual rolling. Massroblem of incarceration and mandatory minimums is a topic for public debate, although little has been done by the president ial thisdates to address issue. Eric holder, former attorney general of the United States, is an expert on the criminal Justice System and believes reform is the only way to solve this issue. How effective is the criminal Justice System currently . Feel i would give our criminal Justice System next reviews. I think it is better than it was , not as good as it should be. We incarcerate way too many people. We have a high recidivism rate. People come back into the system. I think we are doing better than weve done in the past, but we need to change the approach. Eric holder and other politicians for criminal Justice Reform point to many issues within the system in order to make the case. Weve recognized Crime Reduction strategies have included a greatly expanded use of the criminal sanction. Incarceration rates have skyrocketed. Our nation has the greatest number of prisoners of any nation in the world. Is five to 10 times higher than those in western europe. President obama suggested that some of the 80 billion spent each year to incarcerate prisoners should be used to prevent people from coming into the criminal Justice System in the first place. How do you believe this money would be better spent . Thats an important point. People need to understand that this mass incarceration we have comes at a huge cost. Of money,n is a lot and that is money that could be used in different ways. If we spent money that money on prevention activities, coming up with mentorship programs for young people mandatory minimums for nonviolent offenders is commonly pointed at as the easiest and fastest way to cut back on the amount of people incarcerated, as it would reduce the amount of time each prisoner is sentenced to. On a topic of mandatory minimums, do you think mandatory minimum sentencing can be effective, or should they be eliminated from our criminal Justice System completely . I think we make too much use of mandatory minimums. I believe they serve a purpose, especially when it comes to people committing violent crimes, but too often they have that aed to show politician was being tough on crime. If the mandatory minimum is 20 years to life, he gives him 20 years, hes going to do 18. 5 in the federal system. In the state system, its different. Every state is different. Unless he cooperates. Usually what we do, it isnt about arresting people. Its a matter of going after the command and control structure of the organization. To arrest, you need people, and we need them to tell us who their boss is. Supporters of the current incarceration system point to statistics showing that the crime rate is the lowest it has been in 50 years. Millions are safer now than they have been for 2030 years, and at the same time, the prison population is depleting. One Group Opposed to reform is the National Association of assistant u. S. Attorneys. Usa believes the war on Drug Trafficking has been effective. And major principle behind the organization is just because a drug trafficker is not armed at the time of arrest does not mean they are not violent. Heres the president of the naa usa on a bill he believes would relieve a large people of drug criminality. The federal prisons are full of significant drug traffickers. If you look at the statistics, what you will see from the Sentencing Commission is less than five and individuals incarcerated at a federal prison were found by a sentencing judge to have a mitigating role. A minorto say they had or minimal participation. Claims of those with this view is that for the most part, are beingtraffickers portrayed as victims of crimes they have committed, but usa, thely to the naa system that is currently in place has done what is intended it was intended to do, reduce Drug Trafficking in the u. S. Mr. Cook believes our criminal Justice System has exceeded, and he is in no way alone with that belief. It is indisputable that the drugrelated crime rate and a crime rate overall has decreased since mandatory minimums. The issue for many, however, is how justly that was accomplished. The Different Solutions to whether this serious issue of Public Safety and a fairer criminal Justice System should be talked more about in the election, because criminal justice affects our economy and Public Safety. Crimes are going to be committed, and how we deal with those responsible for committing them is a legitimate problem that will affect all of us. Regardless of our viewpoints, we must all come together as one to fully solve this issue and create an effective and fair system. Ation for that reason, present or candidates must address this issue and explain their approach for solving the problem, but regardless of why this issue how this issue will be solved, it must be addressed, conversation is the only thing that can lead to a resolution. To watch all of the documentaries in this years student cam competition visit student,cam. Org. The house and senate are in session this week. The senate meets tomorrow at three clock p. M. Eastern to continue debate on a bill to extend funding for the federal aviation administration. At five 00, senators consider the nomination of waverley crenshaw junior to be the u. S. District judge for the middle district of tennessee, with a confirmation vote to follow. The house is back from a threeweek break. They meet monday for a pro forma session. On tuesday, members debate a bill that would make zika virus vaccines eligible for fda priority reviews. You can follow the house live on cspan and the senate live on cspan2. Monday on the communicators, chair tom wheeler in his first interview with cspan since being nominated by president obama in 2013 talks about issues facing the fcc, including net neutrality, expansion of the subsidize lifeline phone program, regulation of the internet, and privacy, and the um auction that is just beginning. He is joined by brian fawn, the Technology Reporter for the washington post. Enough i was fortunate to be able to do in the cable industry and Wireless Industry was to be involved as they were bringing great change to the American Economy and the way people live their lives. That is what we are dealing with at the fcc. We are now in the middle of one of the great revolutions of all time, and the job of the fcc is to say, how do we deal with the kinds of changes that are happening all around us as result of technology . Communicators monday night at 8 00 p. M. Eastern. Next, Federal Reserve chair janet yellen and the previous three chairs, ben bernanke, Alan Greenspan, and paul volcker. This is from the International House of new york. It is about one hour and 15 minutes. [applause] welcome. I am calvin sims, the dude from the video and also president and ceo of International House. I want to thank you for joining us. We are very excited to have what we call the Fabulous Four fed chairs. This evening is going to be spectacular for a variety of reasons. First, i want to take a cue from adam mckay, the former lead writer of saturday night live. He said there is nothing people love more than a Federal Reserve joke. [laughter] so i will tell you a joke. It is a joke by a Federal Reserve chair, who served from 1951 to 1970. You may have heard this before, but i think it is worth restating. He said the job of the Federal Reserve is to take away the punch bowl just before the party gets going. [laughter] so tonight, were going to learn the process of taking away the punch bowl, or adding something to the punch in the bowl. You heard in the video a little about International House. Its mission has been about values that promote empathy, respect, moral courage. Among people and countries. There is no question you could get some Global Perspectives by taking an International Course at university or college. But nothing compares to the Daily Exchange here in this wonderful community. They live together, work, study, and dying, and have a lot of fun. These hermit bonds forged at International House have been a hallmark of this institution for 90 years. It would not be possible for this to happen if there were not certain people i need to recognize. There are 750 residents from 150 countries. They attend institutions across new york that represent about 60 fields of studies. We are proud of our residents here tonight. I would like all of our residents to clap and make yourself known. [applause] we would also like to thank our trustees, who do so much to keep this place relevant the last 90 years. Could our trustees also stand and be recognized please. [applause] as well, we are enormous leak grateful to our underwriters. Every dollar of their support will go to scholarships and fellowships here that enable our students to sustain this community. Our underwriters are morgan stanley, j. P. Morgan chase co, bcg henderson, ubs, and bny mellon. Thank you for your support. [applause] i will say quickly, throughout our history here, ihouse has convened thought leaders on International Affairs impacting our demographic, global millennials. Tonights event continues that legacy, not just because of the panels of speakers. It is the inaugural event of the paul volcker speaker program, which was named in honor of paul volcker and his service to ihouse as a trustee and on the board. This is the first inaugural paul volker speaker program. I think we have done him justice with this turnout. Thank you. [applause] i would like to turn quickly to what will happen on the stage momentarily. This historic conversation has less to do with Interest Rates, whether they rise and fall, and at what percentage, more to do with the fed chair perspective on leadership and the values in their decisionmaking. In other words, this is a focus on values, which is ihouses mission. We hope you will agree this conversation and many more like it to come in the future demonstrates that the ihouse can be a beacon of International Harmony and understanding proving humanity can surpass barriers of race, nationality, culture, and traditions that have divided the world. I would like to make an introduction to someone who i think embodies Global Leadership at International House. That is none other than james gorman, the chairman and ceo of morgan stanley. James is also a 1987 alumnus of International House. He will bring to you the bridge you have been waiting for to understand why we are hosting this event and why it corresponds to ihouse. [applause] james thank you, calvin. Thank you. Good afternoon. It is, indeed, a terrific honor to be invited to participate in what is an historic event. I was humbled to be asked to come to the stage as something of a warmup act before you get the real deal. Of course, the four great chairs of the Federal Reserve. Ive been honored to work directly with three of the four chairs, and i have tremendous admiration for their public service, intellectual capacity, and there careful stewardship of Monetary Policy in the Financial System. Each has made an outsized contribution to Economic Growth and stability of this great country, and to each we owe a debt of tremendous gratitude. Calvin asked me to reflect on my experience as a student of International House. It was three decades ago. He asked me to reflect on how it helps develop the career i have been lucky to have here in the United States of america. I was accepted International House, lucky to be so, and arrived here on the seventh of september, 1985. It was a hot and humid day. I can still feel it. Like so many other foreign students who lived here, i was tremendously relieved to have such a safe and welcoming community to move to in new york city. That week, i began a tradition of writing a letter to my family in australia, something i continue for many years after i arrived in the u. S. My father passed away several months ago. Before he did, he gave me several shoeboxes filled with my letters. Each numbered, each kept in their original envelopes. For those of you in the upper decks, this is a letter with an envelope. [laughter] [applause] i have a child in berlin who has not in three months written the equivalent of one of these. [laughter] i thought very briefly i would touch on five extracts from those letters. A paragraph of each, capture a hopefully some of the life i experienced at International House. The first was arrival. I wrote dear all. That may not feel personal, but if you had nine siblings like i did, you are not about to spell out their names every week. I arrived safely after 36 hours of flying. The former tenant of my room is still asleep in my bed. Lets say the changeover was finely tuned. Then again, everything is a little on the margin. My room is small. Very small. But i discovered i can see the Empire State Building if i lean out my window far enough. Ihouse reflects new york. Fantastic facilities, dirty, and very security conscious. [laughter] [applause] life experiences. Sunday was a big event. Suit, tie, and entertainment. The president spoke. He mentioned the australians had came from the farthest place. For what i thought was a minor accomplishment, we were roundly applauded. Thereafter followed one hour of violin, piano, and jazz. It was great fun. Jesse jackson is coming this week as is Prime Minister gandhi, and gerald ford. Where else in the world would you be so lucky as to have those people speak within one month . And then on friends, tonight, i studied with a spaniard, a filipino, and a frenchman. It sounds like the beginning of a joke. [laughter] the yanks are incredible. Loud, happy, friendly, buzzing with energy. They ask questions in class continuously. Many of them needlessly. [laughter] as participation is graded, i am forced to do the same,