Now four former national. Ecurity advisers susan rice and Tom Donnellan and Condoleezza Rice and Stephen Hadley talk about threats posed by russia, china, and north korea. Welcome, everybody, and this is pretty much what the essence of the Aspen Institute has been and should always be about, and what our nation should be about, a notion of very dedicated people of both parties coming together and trying to find common ground. It is under the auspices of the Aspen Strategy Group. I want to thank joe nye, who is cochair with secretary Condoleezza Rice, with her first year on the job. [applause] isaacson we also have Stephen Hadley and tom donlon, the first time four national have beendvisers together. It shows what aspen can do. You notice that susan rice is missing. She will be here in seven minutes. She is just on her way from the airport. Just like bob gates last year, always a buddy who wants to make a dramatic enters. Let me turn it over to a person everybody knows, nick burns, the executive director of the Aspen Strategy Group and an old friend of the institute. I do want to say you have been here many times, you are now cochairing this, but tell me when you first came here and why. In 1972 and ias was a student in the Aspen Music Festival school at the time. [applause] ms. Rice after experiencing all those amazing pianists in the school, i went back to gender denver and changed my major. [applause] good afternoon. Before walter goes away, given his extraordinary leadership of the Aspen Institute, over 14 years, we ought to pay tribute to him. [applause] mr. Burns thank you for being here. I am nick burns, the director of Aspen Strategy Group. We are a rare commodity in washington, d. C. We are nonpartisan, and we are resolutely nonpartisan. We are meeting here for the 34th year. Meeting 34 at that years ago, along with prince gro scowcroft. We believe that republicans and democrats and independents can come together on behalf of our country to think to the Biggest Challenges we face. We are here every august. I want they treated to joe because he is the longestserving member of this institution and a great father intellectually of what we try to do, so do, joe, thank you for what you have done. [applause] mr. Burns we have a lot of impertinent people here. I have to mention our former great secretary of state, Madeleine Albright. [applause] mentions and i have to another ambassador. And jim crown and bob steele who deskled the aspen to institute, but thanks to both of you. This year we are bringing together a lot of experts, it also bring together three elected officials who will talk to a sunday evening about the redblue divide them about a divided nation. Walter and jim had been writing this project of healing america, and so Mitch Landrieu of new orleans is here. We are really happy he is here. Speechhave not read his about a very sensitive issue, you must read that speech. A brilliant speech of leadership. He will be joined by a good to talkbout hours, about how domestic politics has an impact on our leadership position. What we are doing is taking on a americanled the liberal order of the last of the two years. Condi and i felt we would describe it. For 72 years, every american president from harry truman through barack obama has agreed on one thing we have to be forward, deplored, engage with restts engage with the of the world as a leader. That is why we have stood for free trade and trading agreements to lift global prosperity. It is why we have nurtured these big institutions they are not like thect United Nations and its agencies, the imf, the world bank because when a Natural Disaster like haiti, a place we have to respond. United states is the linchpin of all this, and we believe in Something Else every president administration, both parties, we believe in democracy and human rights in the democratic order in the world. That is under challenge right now. It is under challenge by a rising channel in the china, which does not sure those thou use. It is under challenge by a resurgent russian, which is crossed every redlined by annexing crimea, by causing trouble in the middle east, and by a cyber attack on our National Election in 2016. But it is more complicated than china and russia, because this liberal order is being the each ala lot of nongovernment, qaeda, isis, severed terrorists, have a lot of power now and theyre cut into the power of governments and diluting power. And our ability to achieve a peace and stable world and i will try to say this in a nonpartisan way a lot of people are say now that the United States is not upholding its end of the bargain. There were critics of president obama who thought that he was too reticent in protecting United States in some districts. There are many more critics of America First, of President Trump. The question i wanted to ask our and toms today, condi and steve and susan, when she arrives in a couple minutes, three questions is that liberal that is so important to our future, is it being we can count, and how can President Trump and the congress and all of us strengthen this . The second is, what we do about putin . Do we contain hidden in europe but engage him in america and the middle east . And the third that i want to get experts to talk on is china. China is not our enemy. It is our partner a time of change, Global Economic growth, but it is our competitor in the south and east china sea, and how do you balance that . Those are three questions we thought we would take a run through with each of them, and 45 or 50 minutes from now, we will turn it over to you, please feel free to ask any question that you would like to ask. It is only fair. Ondi is our new cochair we are delighted she is succeeding somebody like brent. Rice thank you for being here, because what we need more than anything is civic and civil dialogue about a number of important issues we face. Nick, i would pick up with your description of the liberal order, because we have to realize that the liberal order was born it was an idea design after world war ii, when people look out of the world that it had inherited after world war i, and said, lets not do it again. It had to important elements. One important element was the International Economy did not have to be zerosome game, it can be competitive, it could be a growing economy and a positive sum game, so my gains were not your loss. Is why they wanted to have free trade and they wanted to have comparative advantages in countries. They set up institutions to do it, the International Monetary fund which would rebuild economies and would become a source of capital for countries coming out of colonialism. In some ways the most remarkable ones, the general agreement on tariffs and trade, which is not a set of trade agreements, but rules of the road to level the Playing Field so that the International Comic ago. It wasvery nature, supposed to get us away from conflict. They were also worried there she is mr. Burns. Mr. Burns susan rice. Ms. Rice. Hi. Rice i call her my little sister. Just returned to this liberal order, it is important to know what they were trying to avoid. So they hated the fact that had been competition over resources that was violent. Then the important fact, they were going to try to create the Democratic Peace where they could so they could rebuild germany into a jamal, to pan into a democracy, and was going to be protected by American Military power. That was the liberal or. China,eing challenged by although china has one foot in and one foot out. It is being challenged by russia because russia unfortunately does not really have a foot in the economic side, and, therefore, uses its military power for its respect. But it is also being challenged by the four horsemen of the apocalypse, populism, nativism, isolation, and protectionism, and they tend to run together. Arene of the questions we to be asking is not just the challenge to the liberal order from transnational terrorism or cyber warfare or from the powers like russia or china, but how do we deal with the fact it does seem that there are those who believe they were left behind by the global order and they are fighting back. They found people who will give them an answer as to why they did not succeed. Populists always have an answer. It is the other, the chinese, the illegal immigrants. If you are from the left, the big banks. And by the way, the other this time around is not just taking your jobs. The other is dangerous. So refugees and immigrants. And so i think the challenge just one thatot we Foreign Policy people can understand, but one that has to go internally to the societies and see what is happening, and that is why i am happy for the Aspen Strategy Group that were having this wonderful session that Mitch Landrieu will help to lead, because this is a really big challenge from the inside and from the outside, and, yes, i am worried that the liberal order might not survive it. Mr. Burns we will give susan a breather. The question is, susan, is the liberal order weakening . Is American Leadership of that order weakening . I will go to tom. Tom, your views, let me put a Little English on this. America first, part of the problem of a weakening america . Donilon thank you. We have in our country deep and not a lot of conversation takes place across the political lines, and not a lot of conversation takes place in the policy world on the domestic side. It does take place in Foreign Policy and national security, and we are looking lucky for that. This institution has been an up or part of that. You have two decades straight through of service on the stage are today, and i think it is a manifestation of something. Port for us to continue in terms of our national security. Condis disruption of the u. S. Led is the most important thing, the postworld war ii world order. It is important to underscore that. This would not have happened without the United States, and it will not continue without the United States, and we cannot take it for granted that. Granted. Her description of what was put in place after world war ii has led to come up with a lot of problems and challenges and mistakes, but the overall arc of the story is enormously positive. Enormously positive for the United States in respect to prosperity and security, and honestly positive for large parts of the world. I think it is under pressure, and one of the key elements is continued u. S. Leadership of that. Think after world war ii among others was that the United States did not act like a normal seek itsrying to identity. That was not the plan. It was an entirely different approach, putting together organizations that we would participate in as real participants and would have a benefit for the rest of the world. Foreign a valuesbased posse. We were not a normal foreign country. The United States engaged in a special undertaking after world war ii. On the pressure on the order today, it has all the sources that secretary rice laid out among others. We have seen the reemergence of great power and competitions. We had an extraordinary time after the fall of the berlin wall where it was a quite high degree of constructive relationships between great powers, and that had insignificant part come to an end, particularly with respect russia, which after the return of Vladimir Putin in 2012 decided to go in a different direction, and the present a real challenge to the real world order. My view is that russia has become actively hostile across the board to the United States. Were seeing the emergence of an ideological challenge frenzy to world order and the guys the values the United States pursues successfully, and that challenge comes from the liberalism and other artillery frankly, he said we have reached the end of history, history is back with a vengeance, i think. Third we have seen the breakdown of state systems in the arab an and that has had vacuums alike isis but at the end of the day, i will finish up are questions about whether or not the United States will continue to lead this. During the course of the campaign and the First Six Months of the administration there were real questions raised inut the u. S. Commitment terms of alliances and trades. I think the United States is incumbent on us, given the questions that have been raised to engage in a serious set ofs reps of steps. Thank you very much. When we thought about this meeting what we didnt want to do was have this be a verdict on the Trump Administration or presume that the liberal world order is perfect. The question over the next couple days, is what needs to be fixed and how should it involve . For this weekend, there was a paragraph saying here is the problems with, America First. Jump is also bringing new ideas. Americans are concerned that free trade is undercut them personally and intercut undercut their industries. Aggressive policy against the Islamic State in syria and iraq. You might be best placed as a student in this to give us a sense of how you view America First. Is it a continuum of every president since truman or is it a diversions . I would like to blow it up bigger than that. What do we do about all this . I will give you one bi vignette, to talk about this rulesbased International Order. The whole tenant was we have to defend it. And ite election occurs was interesting to see the change of mood and dialogue within that group. What we saw with the trump election was a group of people, as connie said, who felt that they were the mise by globalization, threatened by immigration, ignored and excluded from the politics and betrayed by the elites. Suddenly what this group began to say was, maybe we have to amend and revitalize that liberal International Order. One to reflect the fact that many people feel left out by it. Two to reflect the fact that the world has china changed, we have india and china and other new players. We have a new ideological struggle that tom talked about. Interestingly enough the question is, can this administration be convinced that to lead ats interest process to revitalize the International Order. I was in warsaw to hear trumps speech and he talked about western civilization in the defense of western civilization. I talked to his people afterwards and they said, someone needs to explain to him that this rulesbased International Order has been a framework for defending all the values of western civilization that he was talking about. He wants other countries to do more. Not the United States being taken advantage of. So lets try a recast and revitalized International Order that lets other countries like china and the like have a hand in trying to amend that order. So that they in some sense are taking more responsibility and are more bought into it. At that point you may be able to say to President Trump, the world is stepping up the way you asked them to but they cannot do it alone. The United States remains an indispensable party to the future. That is our challenge. Mr. Burns susan, you have heard all this what do you think our role in the world is . Ms. Rice indispensable. Suffering is a view of the world and a view of our domestic politics and our leadership in the post world it has benefited from the concept that we can maximize benefits through strong principled American Leadership. Now to the extent that were gone through a phase of us versus them domestically and connies characterization of that was very apt the other. It is becoming the same in our relationships with many parts of the rest of the world. Even our closest allies are looking at the United States and questioning whether we are leading a team of principled, likeminded valuesbased entities or whether or not we will stand in opposition to them. Much less our own adversaries. Need to reform that vision of the United States leadership through a combination of reasserting and embracing the fact that americas readership can be beneficial leadership can be beneficial for others and us. That we have a system of alliances and of trade that has served as well. It is not in our interest to see those eroded or jettisoned. Newthat requires a whole approach of renewal of our relationships. That we have suffered from frankly. Over time, over the last six months. I agree completely that we need to revitalize and reassure but we need