Palestine now has an enhanced demand theing to return of artifacts is legally removed from palestine. Obligations. [indiscernible] and its need also to do that to deter domestic variations and further its standing in International States and protect against unlawful israeli conduct. As we mentioned, unesco membership, and also the u. N. General assembly resolutions, ability totine the ratify treaties and it has improved its bargaining position with israel. Thatnk it is important palestine may be treating this agreement as an occupied state. That is very important. Since the unesco membership and join international treaties, cents 2014, about four months, as we know, palestine identified 50 international treaties. Many of these treaties, as i mentioned, have a prediction of human rights have the protection of human rights in palestine. Treaties will provide palestine to demand from israel and other states to a baby rule of law. A baby rule of law. Icj sre parties to the tatute. Members of the United Nations can also be admitted the generalision of assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council. U. S. Is likely to General Assembly would not be able to approve an application to join the icj without the Security Council recommendation. However there is a way may be to find a way out of this. [indiscernible] if we allow countries to join that accord, when searching the resolution of conflicts by peaceful means. If icj will not hear cases the jurisdiction is not recognized. And israel has not recognize the jurisdiction of the courts or it however it would be difficult to bring cases against israel. However, it might be possible to bring cases against other countries, such as russia. Palestine is already a member of government organizations. Fortunately, the Security Council veto power, which course,to 5 members of agenciesapply to u. N. Such as unesco. Therefore there are similar u. N. Agencies that palestine may seek membership in, and among them, for example the International Council for agricultural i am not goingd to go through them, but these are the main ones. Theu. S. Is outnumbered, by way, in some of these organizations, and therefore there is no risk of cutting funding, like what happened in unesco. That also violated into national law. Order to justify noncompliance with international obligations. There are also other u. N. Bodie s. If palestine can get the membership of these organizations, it can also seek membership under that. The International Labor organization and many other organizations. Move through those in order to be short and leave more time for questions and answers. [indiscernible] already have the president of admitting co, which is not a u. N. Member. They already have the precedent of admitting kosovo, which is not a u. N. Member. It is more powerful economic countries. Became, the icc it effective in 2002. [indiscernible] contrast, accession to the contract there is no [indiscernible] additionally there is a astriction going as far january 1, 2002. The9, they organization gives the icc restrictions against genocide, crimes against humanity, and according, by the way, to the office of the prosecutor, more than 400 communications were received on palestine. In 2012, and to be precise, notl of 2012, they were deceived, citing the lack of the ability to were not received, citing the lack of an ability to define the state. [indiscernible] council referred the situation to the icc jurisdiction. Criticized bywas many. Fact look at the validity of the application. The prosecutor, by the way, also cited the practice of the general a similar that i mentioned earlier to seek whenal Assembly Guidance the applicant is a state. Failed to note that members of International Organizations are automatically permitted to join the icc. However, it should be noted the was issued six months after palestine joined unesco. There really was room for the recenttor there was a request by the minister of justice in palestine, as well as the general in gaza, to appeal decision or let the court decide whether the 2009 application was valid or not. Theyentally, however, opened up an examination that they already considered invalid in the past. [indiscernible] legalay it will avoid any 2009s with the declaration. It seems that the palestine or the plo was trying to get consensus among other factions. Amnesty also released a report ist week, arguing icc action the only way to free the country and maybe end of the violence in gaza. It also called upon israel to do the same and seek icc annexation of the court. And for the u n Security Council to look into the situation as it did, for example, in darfur, sudan. That is probably going to be my last topic to discuss in this presentation. Request of thet president of palestine, Mahmoud Abbas, to seek u. N. Protection from israeli aggression, continued occupation, and violation of International Law itsn particular bombardments of the civilian population in gaza. This is in effect going back to system. Trusteeship watch was to which was to [indiscernible] after world war ii. That was the main purpose of the council. The trusteeship was also created by the secretarygeneral and carrying out its functions according to the charter. Also important this is the receive to to achieve full independence in 1994. Without members and were the only ones here. What is the object under the charter . Further International Peace and security and promote advancement of its inhabitants. It is to protect human rights. I am not going to go through them. It is very clear in the charter. One other point briefly about going back to the trusteeship totem, or something similar what it was like under the mandate system. First of all, the legal challenge would be to look on these questions, what state is responsible for the disposition of palestine now . Responsibility falls with the state that has the effective patrol over it. The combined power. Israel. However, palestine could be and administered states for the purposes of the 1970s im 1977 charter. Another legal obstacle is under there is aarter distinction between strategic and nonstrategic areas. What our strategic areas . It is not defined in the u. N. Charter. If it is considered to be a strategic area, it would fall under the mandate of responsibility of the u. N. Security council. That distinction was used only once so far, but that was in the case of the former japanese occupied islands. The u. N. Considered these islands to be strategic because they were important to the international security. It should be noted also, that the establishment of nuclear bases, for example, does not necessarily make it a strategic area. That is also important. Argued in the past, and maybe they still believe, palestine is under some responsibility of the u. N. General assembly simply because an accessor to the league of nations. However, this is not very by many in favored decisionmaking circles. However, the proposal of that agreement, the abjuration of such an agreement is also unfortunate. What would be the extent administered by palestine . Would it be a fully Palestinian Government . What would the entity be composed of . One state . Force . Teral are they going to be evacuated . If so, where and by whom . Who would finance a trusteeship . Would it be limited for a limited duration, or openended until independence is achieved . These are all very, very difficult questions to answer. Due to the complexity of the questions, it is unlikely in my view is that the u. N. Would actually act on the obligation. Thank you very much for your attention. [applause] thank you both, very much, for coming. We will have about 10 minutes for questions. We ask that you be brief and weits to one question, so can get as many in as possible. After the questions, you are welcome to stay around and have discussions. Phyllis is selling most of her books year. Shots, calling the the book on the u. N. And understanding the palestinian conflict. Those will be up at the desk if you want to get them afterwards. We have a microphone coming around. I really appreciate this presentation. I just have a question for both particular, you are a lawyer. Israel claims that it has bombed hamas property. There are adjacent houses to the hamas house that they have bombed. I should introduce myself first. Y name is omar shaula i come from gaza. I was born there. In 1997, i bought an apartment house. No one much lived in it. The house next to a cup bombed, and due to the shockwaves, our house collapsed. Now, this is just one house. There are districts, complete districts that do not belong to hamas at all that have been destroyed. And infrastructure and whatnot. The electric bill, water. He was going to pay for this . Ld we sue israel for quite for that . If the answer is yes, it looks like we are in a straight jacket actually, due to the u. N. s this functional capabilities. Is there a way to sue israel, to get compensation for the property . Because every time we have a house that is bombed, we have to rebuild it ourselves. Is there to compensate us. Is there a recourse . And to do i contact to sue these people . [laughter] first of all, you can contact president abbas. [indiscernible] i know. And urge him to join the icc. The icc statutes would give some justice to the the is. To the victims. [indiscernible] what do i use . It is right there. I am not sure. Thank you. The problem with International Law really is enforcement and where you canrum take your case for very for violations of International Law. Whereybe the only forum cases can be brought is either the icj, where we would have to first have be concerned states before these they could be brought, or the icc for persecution of criminal crimes. , in gaza, the United Nations did in fact receive compensation from israel for some of the damages of property in gaza. So technically, technically, there is a way to pursue compensation from for these violations. Rum would really be diplomatic, unless you can find a forum that can take these cases and adjudicate them. [indiscernible] as longll be diplomatic as palestine does not join the icc as the focus of the icc is more on criminal prosecution. I would answer it a little at of a different way. I do not think there is a legal claim to be made. There is a promise, and it is the role that europe has played over and over again. There have been attacks on gaza. Europe goes in, puts in a few billion euros to rebuild. Israel goes in, bombs it again. The u. N. Comes back. There is already talk of a 23 million starting fund to rebuild. The u. S. Said they would put money in. Most does not show up. Up usuallydoes show goes to corrupt elements on various sides. This is a huge problem. The possibilities for reparationsgetting or compensation, i think, is very slim. That is the reality of it. There is no justice. That is why i think that focusing on ending the requiresn, which ending the u. S. Military aid and ending the u. S. Impunity, is much more important. Unfortunately it leaves people devastated. You can make the claim you can make plenty of claims. Um is diplomatic, because usually the protection of nationals is through consular diplomatic protection. Stay through state, they do not have the forum to take these cases. At the bottom line, i agree with phyllis. [indiscernible] the first wall put up by the israelis that separated the palace online, but now you say that gaza is completely encircled by a wall . Where did the other walls come from . Is thewall around gaza israeli wall. There is not a wall on the egyptian order. This is not talked about as much of the west bank wall, which i should say also is not dividing palestine from israel. Not along the socalled green line. 85 of it is inside the west bank, meaning it is taking i think it is a total of 15 of the west bank is swallowed up in that wall, making sure among other things, all of the major water aquifers are on the israeli side. [indiscernible] you presented is very excellent. For me as an activist on this very it will be interesting. It will be wonderful. I will have to share that [laughter] ive a question for both of the wonderful speakers. , there is anown tremendous support coming from the south american countries. The socialist countries. Of course, cuba. Expelled the israeli ambassador in 2009. Now, the president from bolivia legally aisrael is terrorist state. I think other countries in south argentina,en chile, brazil. Strongna issued a very statement. Brazil. Anyway government, a completely legitimate government, how can it act in the United Nations to do something for the Palestinian People . Thank you. Yeah, you raise a very you raise a very important point. I misspoke when i spoke of the isolation of palestine. Certainly it has a level of a civil society, but there are governments shifting as well. Latin america is the center of it. There are things that can be done. In the General Assembly, it was a number of latin american countries led by ecuador that played the key role of pushing wearing much stronger position of the General Assembly. Unfortunately the palestinian Diplomatic Team did not agree with that at that time, and so it did not go forward. But that convening, for example, the group of 77 within the General Assembly, is something be latin america the Latin America Group could play a role in. That would mean things like moving for enforcement of the new calls that have emerged from Amnesty International and other parts of the Human Rights Community globally, calling for an arms embargo against israel. A very important statement i will just tell you very quickly in 2006 during the General Assembly when president guatemala, the then president of brazil said in an unrelieved did i really did unrelated speech, you said the middle eastern problem suppan decided by the great powers, but they have not been decided so far. Would it not be time to call a question marktion when we ask resilience are you serious about this . Are you prepared to lead this . They said yes. I think it would be more difficult for a smaller country like libya to play that role alone, but perhaps bolivia in connection with other smaller Latin American Companies could move for things like a meeting of the contracting parties of the Geneva Convention. They are all signatories to the Geneva Convention. That is by palestine by palestine, but it has not been supported yet, that i know of, by other countries. So, they could support. Yes. We have one question from twitter, and then we will take one more from the audience. Are there any international that specifically provide prevention for children . That is the convention for , that palestine has also applied recently. Also in the Geneva Convention there is a very specific i used to know this, and i am afraid i am forgetting which article this is but it speaks specifically for the need to protect children, particularly in the any occupied situation. Children must be given specialized access to food, medical care. Exactly the opposite of what israel has done in gaza. [indiscernible] our president Woodrow Wilson palestiniansat will not be dispossessed by their lands as a result of the of thelization government. Isnt that bizarre . Is it an opportunity to go back to that time . That political reality . And then to go on a general feel son proposes that. Christians and secularists to live together. I wish the King Crane Commission was a legal, binding document. Unfortunately, it isnt. We have enough problem with the legal, hiding documents that are not being enforced and violated directly. But i think your broader point is right. Focus should not be particularly again, for people in this country, people in the United States, it is not our call. One state, two states. The call should be for our government to end its policy that is grounded in support for occupation and apartheid and instead move to a policy that is grounded in International Law, human rights, whether that is one state, tuesdays, five states, or 10 states. U. S. That to challenge policies that exist today. That means stop the protection of israel at the United Nations, tell your members of congress they were wrong to sign onto the support israel, israel can do no wrong resolution they signed onto. Two in the house, one in the senate. And demand an end to the u. S. Military aid to israel. That is to the tune of tree . 1 billion a year, to start with, and they have added almost 1 billion more. Imagine what we could do with that money back home with our crumbling infrastructure, our need for health care and education. That is where that money should stay. And to rebuild does a. That we do not need that money to go directly to the israeli military. The movement for divestment and sanctions that is so crucial in bringing political and economic pressure to bear on israel and israelis so they begin to recognize, yes, there is a price to be paid when you live under a government that is viewed by the world as a rogue states. There is a price to be paid. In southat that africa, it was when their beloved springboks could suddenly not play in the world cup. Workers artists are not going to israel, we will begin to see results. [applause] thank you both so much. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2014] any of thisssed session, you can watch it online. It is on our website, www. Cspan. Org. Reporting onn post the situation in gaza where bombings continue. Killedhe air strikes five palestinians according to palestinian officials. A threedate ceasefire ended friday and milita