Flexibility. Is that we are doing the opposite on the side. We are not saying anything until it happens, and when it happens, that is when we per set present to congress. That may also reflect on the difficulty of negotiating the way that you are describing. The way that you are describing seems to be devoid of negotiating with the domestic audience. Absolutely. Every negotiation cannot proceed as if we did not realize we are now in 2013. For the last 25 years. That road which we have already rocked walt, we know what it is. We know what it is. Do we go back again and do the same . In the life of an individual, we are not what we were 13 years ago. What can we do today that we cannot do yesterday, better, more imaginative, different. Not only has he run changed i ran changed, the world has changed. The immediate neighborhood of mesopotamia has changed. I am reluctant to say what the greatest change is. I do not want my family to be the target if i Say Something stupid. Let me get philosophical. We are now in 2013. We have gone through this negotiation in a different way. Said, he is absolutely right. With all the changes that have happened in that region, we still talk about and approach and a tone that belongs to another decade. This is what worries me. We are right. Of course that is what i say to my son, of course i am right, i am your father. He knows i am right. How do we move forward . This is what is happening on danger. Redible lets look at the region. Some other way to attack the tumor. My suggestion, apart from the have moreould be to courage. To Say Something that many beyond iran would not like. How do the leaders we have in front of us build tomorrow. Tomorrow has anything to do with yesterday . No. Tomorrow is new. Can we be ready . To builde enough guts tomorrow . Terms, to the leaders i see in front of me. Are you able to be a leader without an enemy . That is for the generation today. Who are the leaders who can lead without enemies . I am looking very hard. A fantastic question. Lets see the guts of our audience. I will open it up for questions. Any media, please raise your hands. Any questions to our panelists as well as dr. Kahl on the phone. [indiscernible] know do we know how they operate in washington. What is the obligation, the opportunity, the obstacle from that point of view and how can that be integrated into this discussion . Twoo answer the question in seconds. Repeat the question. A correlation the room, israel a gorilla in the room. How can it be handled . My colleagues will be surprised with what i am telling you. That the gorilla is not in tel aviv. In fact, i am referring to the i mentioned the entire region from the river to the hindu kush. If you thought that the girl is there the gorilla is there, it was, i am not sure it is. Change. Everything changes all the time. Mohsen . The Islamic Republic, at least of the top leadership, would be making a huge strategic they canf they think normalize relationships with the u. S. By bypassing israel. It is not going to happen. This is the reality of the world we live in. Unfortunately, so far, i have seen no evidence that they are willing to accept that. It is too bad. Israel is a domestication, as has the lot is a domestication ezbollah is a as h domestication within the Islamic Republic. Whether or not you like it, that is how it is. I hope they change their position for the levant and israel, and if they do not it will be difficult. Colin, and on how the Obama Administration will deal with israel in this regard. As someone who has traveled to israel 14 times in the last israels concerns about iran are understandable. If mexico was had an advanced Nuclear Program, a covert Nuclear Weapons program until about a decade ago and is mexican leaders made statements about wiping america off the map and cutting america like a tumor out of the landscape, we would be worried about mexico developing weapons and we would be hardline. If you sit from the perspective of tel aviv or jerusalem looking tehran, i think it is understandable. Our policy has to be u. S. Policy. We have to take israels concerns seriously. What obama has said is that we do take the threat to israel seriously. Even if israel was not in the equation, we see a run iran Nuclear Weapons capability as a threat to the interests of the u. S. Where the israeli perspective comes in at this moment 4tanyahu has laid down markers for a successful deal. Zero stockpile, of low enriched uranium, the complete closure and dismantling of the enrichment facility near city, as well as the dismantling of advanced ir2m centrifuges. A the dismantling of araq plutonium reactor. This kind of maximalist position, if it were adopted by the negotiators for the p5plus a tomatould lead to train wreck. I think israel sees their role as a bad cop a diplomatic train wreck. I do not know if it would lead deal i described. My concern is less about whether the israelis will play, more that if the markers that netanyahu has put down at the General Assembly speech if those are picked up by a majority in congress as the litmus test to judge and a agreement that comes out of geneva or the talks after geneva, i would be very concerned. I would be concerned that congress could play the spoiler this. N what is important is for the administration to continue to make the point to the israelis and to congress that we are consulting with all of our allies, including israel. We will not accept a bad deal. You heard kerry make that point to in to an aipac conference. To go to the next iteration and to defend what a good deal would look like and why it is not only good for the u. S. And for the world, but good for israel. At that we are not stage yet. If there is meaningful progress in geneva in the weeks following, there will be a lot of onus on the administration to whyify the case for whatever they come to is a good deal. Wait for the mic. The question is about we concerned about security of israel, which is very valid. Signatoryhey are not at the same token. Pastu look at iran in the 200 years, they never attacked any country in any form. Past 60 years the of existence, they have been the bully. They have been attacking neighbors, using chemical weapons in gaza. Dly arestill blin protecting their interests. The other countries should not have the rights to protect themselves against a bully . We speak as if they have the only rights and everybody else is just my question is, how would you justify that . May talkics, they about things. As individual citizens who see these on a daytoday basis, you cannot full individuals any longer. They see what the reality is. How do you sell that to the citizens of iran or the world . As an academic, i respect my areas of expertise, u. S. Iran relations. I have no comment. This is for you. [laughter] i think that the focus on israeli behavior in the current context is not productive for anything. Thes not going to change approach to negotiations with iran, nor its outcome. I think it is not a helpful way to think about it. I think it distracts from the real obligations that iran has. Why do they have an obligation to not build Nuclear Weapons . If they want to pull out of the nonproliferation treaty, they should do it and make it clear. Not do that. They signed name the npt. The shah signed it on one of the first days. The Islamic Republic has planned to abide by it since the revolution. They are signatories. It is not about hypocrisy. There are a lot of International Laws and rules and norms, some are complied with, some are not. If the argument is that absolute consistency has to be applied into policy, i would argue that the questioner has never engaged in diplomacy. Obligated not to pursue Nuclear Weapons. There are half a dozen Un Security Council resolutions for suspiciousn nuclear activities. They have built covert facilities, they have engaged in weapons related research, they have done a lot of things in their Nuclear Program which lead folks to be very suspicious about their Nuclear Ambitions and whether they have Nuclear Weapons ambitions. Think that we should not use the behavior of others to distract from the very clear has under that iran their treaty commitments and under Un Security Council resolutions. It is not helpful to make the focus about israel. Thank you. About there was a question earlier about the increasing sanctions. It was put i wanted to ask the question again. If iran does not come forward with i am not sure how to qualify it. A positive offer at these negotiations starting tomorrow. Thatif, people are saying if this round of negotiations is not productive, then sanctions should be strengthened. My first question. Is, if israel is the 64 thousand pound gorilla, how heavy is the Saudi Arabian guerrilla . What role does it play . I would like to hear a lot more about that. Since i have got the microphone, one other question. There have been a lot of concerning after president rouhani was here, he said some nice things. Therehe got back to iran, have been concerning things that came out. Zarif was quoted as saying that the Supreme Leader was unhappy far the close how negotiations went in reaching out to the americans. There were a few other things that were kind of it seemed like they were pulling back. I am wondering if what does that mean . Three questions. We were very kind to you. [laughter] i will only answer one, the easiest one. You will answer the most difficult one. Youre a diplomat. Saudi arabia is the major gorilla in the room. Iran and saudi arabia are natural rivals in the persian gulf. The animosity they feel towards each other is deep, it has a religious dimension. But now it has geostrategic dimensions. For the past ten years, ever since the u. S. Liberated iraq from Saddam Hussein and empower arabia and, saudi iran have been engaged in a bloody, secret cold war against one another. As you said, it goes all the way from afghanistan to the persian bahrain, torame the levant. This is not just with the Islamic Republic. That saudi arabia has a major role in decreasing the price of oil. 1965, 1975, 1976, when the shah was an ally of the u. S. Ofa result in the decrease the price of oil, iran had a financial crisis which paved the way for the coming of the islamic revolution. This competition goes back to the time of the imperial iran. After Saddam Hussein was overthrown, i think the saudisast the concluded that iran had become too close. Border, toe closest have a shiite government knocking on your door is not something they like. Then they try to undermine iran, to undermine saudi arabia and lebanon. It did not work. Ah has become a major player in lebanon. We have the civil war in syria , the latest dimension of the and sauditween iran arabia. Look at who is providing the money to rebels. Only one thing you need to know about international politics. Is follow the flow of money. Look from whose pocket the money comes out. Pay attention to whose pocket it goes into. , we have the civil war. On the one sign, the saudis and the turks. On the other side, iran, russia. Riyadhow, saudi arabia, is concerned about the potential between iranement and saudi arabia. The is a Natural Power in persian gulf. 80 million people, more than all the countries combined multiplied by 5. It has the secondlargest natural gas reserves in the world. The thirdlargest oil reserves in the world. It has largest middle class, it has a glorious history. And thew that if iran u. S. Can manage a conflict, iran is going to become once again the undisputed power in the region. That is unacceptable to the saudis. I wisely believe, this is going ieate problems for me, honestly believe, this is going to create problems for me. I am going to Say Something that is controversial. Andconflict between iran israel is more manageable than the conflict between iran and saudi arabia. [applause] this is it is a good component of this conversation. Dropped my comments earlier about the changing reality of the region, a good part is what you just said. We continue to look at the region as if it was 1980 or 1970. Is right, theni changing is a strategic change. A strategic change not because anyone is masterminding everything. It is happening because nothing remains the same in life. The region is really running saudiiranian competition. It is interesting that when rouhani was elected, he didnt mention his interest to have a discussion with saudi arabia. That was the point. Speaksnow, rouhani decent arabic. That does not hurt when you speak to the saudis. Also speaks german and english. They seem to be technical matters. I tended to not be so sure. When you can communicate in other in the language of your counterpart, things are different. Respects, in different respects. The fact that rouhani opened up and said he wants to speak to saudi arabia makes sense. One step tobe describe the situation that professor milani just described, from the hindu kush to the levant, i will stop there. [laughter] to give a couple concluding remarks. You said something extremely whichsting, mohsen, about conflict is more manageable. There are aspects that would indicate that the israeliirani an relationship could be manageable. It is lacking the component that rouhani himself, in his first press conference, he spoke about improving relations with the brotherly saudi arabia. There are channels of communication. That does not exist on the iranianisraeli side to the extent that it showed. That makes it more difficult, even if some of the facts on the on theare more difficult saudi side. We will go more into that tomorrow. The prints from saudi arabia to speak on this yossi fromwell as israel, and two other prominent people. I want to thank giandomenico, mohsen, colin. [applause] the next panel will start in a few minutes. Thank you. Coming up on cspan, a look at the role of editorial cartoons. Then, members of the house and senate discussed negotiations on the Government Shutdown. On this mornings washington journal, we will talk about the shutdown. Rally it will be held at the world war ii memorial on the National Mall this morning. A group called the military coalition representing 33 organizations is hosting the event. Live coverage starts at 10 00 a. M. On cspan3. At 8 00 p. M. N3 eastern, the new jersey governors debate with Chris Christie and barbara buono. The Government Shutdown entering its third week, cspan is asking for your thoughts. Do not pay our representatives as long as they are not getting their work done. Police, telll hill them that they do not need to come to work and protect them. They do not need protection. They are not protecting the people they represent. Keeps blaming all the republicans in the congress, they were willing to vote for everything but obamacare, he said no. The senate is the one that is holding it up. The republicans from the time Obama Took Office will not support him and help him solve the countrys problems. Another manifestation of the same issue. They are mad that obama won. One quarter, when taxes come to you, refuse to pay any taxes. The government right now is refusing first to do their job. They do not care who it hurts. Meanwhile, we are paying taxes so they are getting paid. Lets see what happens when they do not get money from us. Obviously, we are paying our money. I am a single mom, i paid over 10,000 in taxes last year just to put up with this. Lets stop paying taxes. Three awardwinning cartoonists talk about the influence of editorial cartoons from the Atlanta Press club. This is one hour 15 minutes. Good evening. I am tom watkins, treasurer of press club. Thank you for coming to drawing the news. Of Atlanta Press club is one the largest and most active press clubs in the world. We encourage you to join. We have some great programs coming out. We will host a newsmaker luncheon on september 17. Join us on october 8 for the hall of fame dinner. For more information, visit our website at www. Atlantapressclub. Org. We are pleased to have three ever shrinkingan universe of cartoonists joining us tonight. Kevin, Award Winning cartoonist for the economist magazine of london. Than 35er spans more years and created more than 8000 cartoons and 140 magazine covers. His resume includes six collections of published work. Mike, Pulitzer Prize winning editorial cartoonist for the Atlanta Journalconstitution. He began his cartooning career in 1984 in new orleans and joined the constitution in 1989. Andwork appears in time the new york times. Rick has been the editorial cartoonist for the augusta chronicle, he started at the Atlanta Journalconstitution years before. His cartoons are syndicated to more than 400 newspapers across america. Awards,on numerous including first place for editorial cartooning in the Georgia Press associations Better Newspaper contest. We will ask a bunch of questions , i will start off with a couple, formulate your own. We will pick the brains of people who look at world events them to simple pictures and make us laugh or have an epiphany or think deep thoughts. Want to know rick did not get a microphone. I think he deserves one. I guess he gets one. There is an extra. First off, you are talking to the press club, which has endured a bitter feud years. I am wondering if you could a bitter few years. I am wondering if you could comment on the state of editorial cartooning. Is it the same as newspapers, or has it been spared . I think the cartoonists have been hit harder than the newspaper industry. In a large part because, the businessmen are making hiring and firing decisions as newspapers. They look at a cartoonist and say what does this guy really bring. The journalists know the value that a car