Around to make a lot of changes to a lot of things in the ways in which the United Kingdom conducts its business. One of the many questions that arises, and there are lots about currency, foreign investment, defense, nato commitments, and all sorts of things that are out rights, aut pension share of the sovereign debt of ,he on and United Kingdom mr. Salmon, who is the first minister of scotland, said he expects there to be a seamless transition. That is not what leaders of the European Union has said. Others have said that if scotland leaves the United Kingdom and wants to join the European Union, it will have to take its place in the queue and apply like every other candidate country and would require unanimous consent of everyone of the 28 members of the eu. I would be surprised if all that got done seamlessly in 18 months, but we will see. It is clear that there are some with bits applying for membership in the European Union. It is one of a number quite complex questions that would arise in the event there was a vote in favor of independence in september. Let me just add a few words and then we will close. I think some of what we have the wayhas to do with you cooperate in the Global Economy and the global world. Cooperation between nation is of course still the main way of working, and it still is a source of a lot of democratic legitimacy because of the feeling of belonging, of identity, of the democratic mechanism within the nationstate. And i do believe and i think we had examples of that today, and we will have other examples, require aissues do degree of cooperation between nationstates and Global Citizenship or regional citizenship, in africa, for example. Africa could do much better if there was more integration in africa. So there is that issue, and i think we are struggling with it. In my own experience, let me just share one thing. How a person gets a particular , and of course the commission is a much more political organization, as jack said, and the imf or the world bank. But to some degree, there try to solve economic problems and manage Global Economic corporations and so on. There has to be a certain amount of legitimacy in these bureaucracies, which very often has to be kind of personalized. In politics and in global civics and media, things get very personalized. She who is heading these organizations. So i think to view the appointments is purely it is the, whether commission are having the imf, the world bank, is no longer appropriate for todays world. , such ase been figures a technician who was not a political leader as head of the commission, but at the same time had a direct message to citizens and was accepted as such, and there are other examples one could give from other international institutions. I dontyears ago want to go into current examples , but despite the problems of the vietnam war, mcnamara was head of the world bank. He was addressing Global Citizenship, so to speak, and there had been leaders of the imf that had done similarly. So that element is important, and to somehow view Global Cooperation is purely a matter of national diplomacys cooperating and working together , i think underestimates the degree of need there is for demos andregional away. Tank you all for coming and particularly the wonderful panel we had. I hope you have enjoyed this and it is fulfilling its mission of bringing such discussions. Ogether p please give around of applause to our panel. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] president obama is in poland at the start of a three country european trip. He announced this morning that the u. S. Is getting ready to increase its military presence in europe at a cost of up to a billion dollars. He says the u. S. Plans to send and military equipment traditional american troops into the region. He made the comments during a joint appearance with the polish president. Tomorrow, president obama goes to brussels. While in poland, president obama was also asked about the swap of five taliban members for u. S. Bowe bergdahl. Al usa today quotes president obama saying regardless of circumstances, we still get an american prisoner back. Regarding allegations that he was a deserter, Army Secretary john mchugh said today the army will review this and a comprehensive accord and eight effort that will include speaking with Sergeant Bergdahl theetter learn from him circumstances of his disappearance in captivity. All other decisions will be made thereafter and in accordance with appropriate regulations, policies, and practices. Tomorrow marks the 25th anniversary of the tnm and square back down. Tonight at 10 00 eastern, we will show you some of the reaction from u. S. Government in the days following the 1989 events. You will see president george h. W. Bushs News Conference and house and Senate Debate over the u. S. Response. This morning, washington journal talk to a member of congress who participated in that debate. Here is a look. What happened 25 years ago . There was a tremendous move, there were students and others anded who who joined in, it was probably one of the greatest hopes and expectations i have ever had. After two months, a relatively theeful demonstrations, dictatorship decided to come down with an iron fist. They sent in and a large number of they net wielding soldiers where they hunted down to, took many to prison, where they were tortured. The labor camps, which many of them ended up in. It was one of the worst, right in plain view of time magazine. Cnn was covering it live. Unfortunately, the response from the west was very weak. And enabling. Perhaps unwittingly, but it was. Very little outrage. There was a big move for democracy. We saw it in the union and the east block, but not so for the beleaguered activists who have sacrificed so much. I just had a hearing. You covered it friday with of the activist who were there, all of whom spent some time in detention or in prison, who told the story of make missed opportunities, especially including june 4, when there was such a lackluster response from interested parties around the world. Host there have been varied accounts and we have been looking for at some of the pictures. What was the final death toll . Guest it is still open for discussion. The government never allowed and in the end and investigation. Independent investigation. On times, the numbers are in the thousands. At least 200 were killed right on this where as all of this was happening. The interesting thing is, a few years later, president clinton invited the operational commander who ordered the slaughter of the students, had him into the white house, gave him a 19 gun salute, i think he shouldve been held liable for crimes against humanity. He went to the Army War College and said in answer to a western in 1996 thomas nobody died at this where. I put together a hearing and had many of those who were there who said, we watched as people were killed by tanks, bayoneted, shot and beaten by the time to death. All of the press back in china, how he went to the white house and was treated like an honored guest. I thought it was a horrible show of lack of concern with the man who said to go in there and kill those students. Host you talked about reaction. Lets go back to june 6, 1989. George h. W. Bush had this to say at the white house. A single student standing in front of the tank, and then, i might add, seeing the anchor driver exercise restraint. I am convinced the forces of democracy will overcome these events in the square. On the commercial side, i do not want to hurt the chinese people. I believe commercial contracts have led, in essence them to the west or more freedom. I think people have commercial incentive, whether in china or other totalitarian systems, the move to democracy becomes more inexorable. Host president george h. W. Bush. Was that strong or tepid . Guest i think tepid. I think he made a fundamental miscalculation, however good willed he was, to talk about hurting the chinese evil, our trade deficit and trading relationship with china at that time was miniscule. Many of us were arguing in the 1980s and 1990s we need to link it can progress in human rights with a most favored trading status of the chinese products get well treated when they are imported here but only , if human rights are followed. It had to be achieved, significant progress. Bill clinton actually called president bushs response he called it coddling dictatorship. Even though i am a republican, i agree with him. Then bill clinton did one of the most shameless things in history. We had the votes to take away most favored nation status. Totally bipartisan. In 1993, the president said to just if him a year. Give them a year. He wrote out any that you order that talked about significant progress in all categories of human rights observance. It was a beautiful order. True solidarity. Six months in, no matter what they do in china, they were going to get the trading privileges and human rights will be shredded in the nearest waste bin. I met with foreign minister people. Hundreds said we stand with clinton and we mean it. If you do not improve, you will lose the trading privilege. I was laughed at in beijing. A big smile came on the face of one of my interlocutors. Sure enough, on may 26, 1994, and cspan covered the press conference i had, on a friday, when no one was left in congress were very few were still around, late in the day, a new cycle was over. Though clinton took his exit of order and ripped it in half. Even though there was no progress, there was sickness and deterioration. Significant deterioration. No human rights conditionality what so ever. That is when we lost china. We put profits above people and above torture, religious persecution, and all the other human rights abuses. President bush was wrong. They have not matriculated to democracy or respect for human rights. Clinton got it right. Then buckles, may 26, 1994, we lost china. Host part of the diplomatic equation is the debt we had with china. But not the end, now there is that talk, but not then. My question is how that has impacted this debate. Guest Hillary Clinton made her first trip in china. She said, i will not let human rights interfere with Global Climate change issues. Many activists, all of the great activist who have spent decades of their lives in prison suffering torture. Harry role was in my office a day or two after she made that statement. He got angry, his hands were shaking. Hes said, clinton does not care about human rights. It is through the dissonance. Human rights always at the center piece of our relationship with a country am a and human rights and christians aint persecuted, always at the center of that relationship and not so with china. Christians who were being persecuted. That again was another iteration of 1994 capitulation with her husband, bill clinton. These are all unnecessary. There have been missed opportunities get i asked the question friday. All of the witnesses recounted these opportunities staring us right in the face to have the facts of the best and brightest in china whose effort human rights. The changs and these other great men and women, who just want democracy and freedom and they deserve it. Our universally recognized values. Host let me get your reaction to these headlines. Guest i have been working on the internet or balance and answer ship issue as well. I had a hearing several years back in which we had google, yahoo , all test the five. All testify. I swore all of the individuals in. Shamelessly, we have been part and parcel of the censorship yahoo , for example, gave up to a of email accounts journalist who got 10 years in prison for telling an engineer in new york city what they could and could not do around the observance of Tiananmen Square. We cannot have corporate complicity either. Google and some of the other internet providers now support a bill i have introduced, called the Global Online freedom act, which would require a full disclosure of what is being censored. I went to the cafe in beijing some years back and have my own name block. I put in the word torture and i got guantanamo and what the japanese did , and it was terrific, during world war ii in china. In manfred, a special representative at the time for the united nations. I got a guantanamo report he had done, but not the scathing report on the identities of torture against chinese. Issidents you can gett, which on regular google, but you could not get it in china. Censorship has enabled the dictatorship to stay. Andg secret police they have it. It has gotten worse, not better, over the years. It is ubiquitous, it is everywhere. If you ask a student today about ,iananmen square in beijing they have no clue about what 4, 1989. On june our conversation is congressman christopher smith, first elected back in 1980. He represents new jerseys fourth Congressional District and serves on the House Foreign Affairs committee and is chair of the Foreign Affairs subcommittee focused on global human rights. Congressman, thank you very much for being with us. We will have more marking the 25th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown tonight at 10 00 eastern. You will george h. W. Bushs News Conference in house and senate the bait over the u. S. Response. It begins at 10 00 eastern, here on cspan. Undersecretary intelligence Michael Vickers today discussed intelligence challenges around russia, syria, al qaeda, and cyber threats. Moderated a discussion following mr. Vickers remarks. The center for strategic and International Studies of the hourlong event. It is a glorious morning, absolutely fabulous. We deserve it for the winter we had. To the to all of you and military strategy for them. My special thanks to our friends at rollsroyce who make it possible for us to make this Series Available to the policy community in washington. We are very delighted to have mike vickers with us this morning. I was serving in the armed i cannotmittee remember the year. Wehink it was 19 88 when created the whole program and the special operations command, and i think that we actually had mike in mind for who would be the leader. It took a while for us to find him. Assistant be the secretary back in 2007. The Bush Administration asked him to come in and give some direction. He did a masterful job. Of course been gates felt that no one would be better to replace jim clapper then mike to be the undersecretary for intelligence. It has been masterful service, mike. We have been lucky as a country to have you at this crucial time. I know it has been challenging as an assignment, but you shouldered it so wonderfully and the whole community is grateful for what you have done. Regard to have a very interesting session this morning. I expect this is going to be a very vivid and lively session. Would you with your applause please welcome mike vickers, undersecretary for intelligence. [applause] thank you for that really gracious introduction, and thank you to dr. Hit for your distinguished service to our country and to csi as for putting on important forums such as this. I thought i would make a few remarks this morning for about 20 minutes and then take questions as the standard format. Next slide, please. All right. Which one . Im qualified now on this thing. So im going to talk about these four topics, and given that this is a military strategy for him, im going to try to move beyond my intelligence brief a little bit and talk about some of the implications for strategy, foreign actual security strategy, defense strategy, and intelligent strategy as we look at these issues. One of the things i would like to leave you with is the tremendous change thats taken place in our intelligence capabilities over the past decade, and the even greater change that we foresee looking forward. Is of the aspects of this the revolutionary impact Precision Targeting has had across our intelligence enterprise, whether its in Counterterrorism Operations, whether its in cyber operations, or classic human intelligence and espionage. To illustrate this, if youll will indulge me, i would like to tell a joke that my former boss, secretary bob gates, used to love to tell. , supposedly, an Intelligence Officer was working in a foreign capital at a diplomatic cocktail party, trolling the diplomatic circuit as we always do, looking for hard targets. Unfortunately, this officer had a little bit too much to drink, so his mission attention wandered a little bit toward more amorous pursuits rather than the traditional hard targets. Across the room at this big reception, he spotted what he saw was a vision of loveliness in a flowing red gown. So using all his appropriate tradecraft, he approached the target and made a pitch, asking the target if he could have a , the, and to his shock target immediately rebuffed him and said i am rebuffing you for three reasons. First, you are dropped. Second, this is not a waltz, it is the Peruvian National anthem, and third, im not a woman, i am the cardinal archbishop of lima. So we are little better than that today. Next slide, lease. To go through a range of National Security challenges, the continued terrorism threat posed by al qaeda and its affiliates being the first one. The key point i want to leave you with here, why we have had a lot of success in severely core ing the al qaeda the pakistanafghanistan border region, they continue to pose a threat, particularly a reconstitution threat down the road. The three biggest threats are really al qaeda in the arabian peninsula, in yemen, and the growing al qaeda threat in syria. Threats are spread elsewhere in their taking advantage of what we call the metastasize nation across the middle east and north africa. That is conditions created by over