You look around and you have obvious uncertainties. There are fewer questions but the saudis are concerned. You dont have a stable leadership in iraq. In terms of actual coverage problems in kuwait and bahrain. I get worried about the idea of continuity here. I get worried about how well the kingdom can deal with a king and new foreign minister minister, but i have concerned. On the job sight looking at the five year plan data and the budget plan data, theyre not making progress and it is critical. Women are a key aspect of a productive labor force when theyre more than half the population. There is amazing lack of correlation between education and job creation. Education for jobs when the economy is creating them is very valuable. Education for the sake of education has almost no Historical Impact in moving countries toward development. And this is not popular but it is unfortunately where nobody trots out numbers to contradict it and the kingdom has to face this. Just to go back to the saudi issue, every conversation i have with people who are involve in defense, intelligence and Foreign Affairs do not see this Nuclear Agreement as having any positive effect. Now some of the more recent meetings may or may not have helped to deal with that. But i also when i talked to them am reminded yes the Nuclear Issue has a very high profile. A lot of it is driven by our focus on proliferation, the politics of u. S. And israeli relationships by the history of some very key figures like turkey as supporters of arms control. But when you go to a different level, the focus is on asymmetric warfare capabilities and and missiles. As seen from an iranian viewpoint they dont see themselves as a successful stable military power in other ways. They realize a hell of a lot of their air force is stuff they were buying when i was serving in iran and that was for obvious reasons, the early to mid 1970s. Their ships, their surface to air missiles are obsolete by the standards. This has reason to be concerned and then you look at the rising level of shiitesunni tension which is only partly related to groups like isis and Serious Problems within the kingdom, some of which i think they have perhaps been too strict about dealing with in terms of the way they create their shiites. But these problems arent going away and arent going to be solved by the Nuclear Agreement. When i look at that agreement i think from what i have seen of the tentative structure i would certainly support t but its not going to control the Iranian Nuclear capability. There are a whole lot of hosts of things of things. The practical problem, however, is if you buy reacters and you get yourself into a fuel cycle and you then have to create the capability to actually develop and produce a reliable Nuclear Weapon that is safe to put on a delivery system, if theres no resemblance whatsoever to the kind of nonsense i see coming out of think tanks and washington which is based on an idea all you need is enough material you and have a successful bomb, as a collective intellectual community we deserve an f minus for the qualitity of various analysis in dealing with this issue. And its going to be a major problem for the gulf states. What are the options . People are like, if the iranians have a fuel cycle then we have to. I would not hold my breath. They have missiles as you know a Strategic Missile force but not a force they have a technical background to adapt. And the operators seem to have a fairly heavy chinese presence. There is no other arab country. There is only one clear place and that is pakistan. Whether pakistan would sell missiles and Nuclear Weapons i dont know. They will have significant overcapacity in the production of material relative to the Nuclear Weapons material fairly quickly so there is that potential and it would be a dangerous game changer and it is something which could present us a crisis if this Nuclear Agreement doesnt take place or if its cheated on. All of which is something we may or may not discover in the next month or so. We just have a couple minutes left frank. I wanted to give you and francois to get a word. If i go back to it, we did something yesterday called hiding in plain sight. Some times you see things youre looking for something and you miss something else. Theres an old joke about a watchman and guard at the gates of an establishment a factory and watching a man come out with a wheelbarrow full of straw and looks under the straw and hes suspicious suspicious. He knows there is something under it. He watches day after day and checks something under the straw and nothing is hidden. Finally, he interrogates the guy and says, whatses he doing here . What are you hiding . I know youre taking something. And the guy finally admits hes stealing wheelbarrows. Not watching wheelbarrows and looking at the straw you can miss what hes doing. Im a product of one of the best things the u. S. Senate ever did. I got into global affairs. Maybe some are doing poetry and humanities. Many are getting mbas and science and medicine and all of that is important. But whats really important, whats the wheelbarrow is living for four years when youre in your 20s among americans and seeing how americans think. For example, theyre not going to school necessarily to get a job in the government. In egypt they crank out half a million graduate as year who are expecting to go to get government jobs. Most americans who go to go to school arent expecting to get government jobs. Theyre starting businesses and theres a whole different array the way americans think about work, education and gender rolls and participation its transformative. So i found when foreigners come back, it doesnt matter what they study they come changed. Thats what i get to. The role of religion, theyre not necessarily getting the most important stuff from inside the classroom. So i dont know. I dont mean to paint any picture and say all these trends arent real. They are. But there is stuff thats hiding in plain sight id like to get at too and i think thats where the Business Opportunity also lies. Not that long ago they were trying to establish it. The first visit of the king when he became king was to iran. And there was a lot of talk at the time that things should be improving. And im not overly concerned i am concerned of course but the terrible things that are happening between sunni and shia shia. If the situation overall calms down there a little bit things will start improving. My i think we can see the same things developing in saudi rbi i cant. Im not so concerned about that because i think from a political standpoint can be used or not used depending on that ghost. Just last note on the ministry of Foreign Affairs and somebody mentioned its so important it see him as a nonroyal. I think the minister of Foreign Affairs i think g the quality means they can build the ministry and have somebody who can write and study and survey for the government to make decisions. Until then they didnt have that. But i think that is going to be the most difficult thing to create a Real Ministry with real people who can provide real information. Thank you for listening. Well talk to Death Penalty executive director robert done dunham about getting rid of the Death Penalty and democratic consultant Liz Chatterton and ford oconnell. This weekend were live at book expo america in new york city. In the beginning of june were live for the Chicago Tribune litfest including our three hour live indepth program and youre phone calls. Near the end of june watch for the roosevelt reading festival. In the middle of july were live at the harlem book fair literary event with panel discussion. And at the beginning of september were live from the Nations Capital celebrating its 15th year panelists discussed programs aimed at going to college and succeeding there and Socio Economic factors on educational achievement. This is 4. 5 hours. Achievement. This is im calling it back into order. This is day two of the civil rights briefing on completion rates on the socioeconomic ability on minorities. Im chair of the u. S. Commission on civil rights and today is may 29 and we called this to order at 9 00 a. M. Eastern time. As i said todays briefing continues yesterdays panel which we held for a bulk of the day talking about these issues of persistence and impact it may have on minorities mobility. It will feature 17 distinguished speakers and all of them will provide us with view points on this topic. We divided it into four panels. The first one will be discussing pertinent programs. Panel two will consist of the University System heads and well share their experience and perspectives and the last two panels will give us view points from various scholars. Before we proceed with the housekeeping with how well run these panels we want to give our commissioner commissioner an opportunity to share a few words. It was her efforts that resulted in todays and yesterdays briefings. Thank you, mr. Chairman. I appreciate the courtesy. The promise of todays exploration and yesterdays as well is as follows access to and detainment of the back lore yacht degree is key in todays National Economy. Attainment has significant benefit for workers and communities and National Economy and international competitiveness. It is a social, political and economic good. And yet there are Racial Disparities and gabs in persistence and attainment of the back lore yacht degree on the basis of race that need to be examined and are being by this commission. Sometimes the operations of those programs end up having a different effect than perhaps was intended. In particular many of the campusbased aid programs at least seemed to contribute to the Racial Disparities that they were designed to address positively and addressing them at least in some negative ways or at least the evidence appears to be the case and thats part of what we are exploring as the United States civil rights commission. On the other hand, there are many successful programs that federal dollars also support that help address the gap the achievement including such programs as gearup and trio and other campus specificprograms which chancellors and president s will be testifying to the ethicacy of. Perhaps additional investment in those programs might be an important way to address some of the Racial Disparities that are obvious by virtue of examining the statistics. As a nation were underperforming in terms of achieving the baccalaureate degree for the jobs that are currently available and that will be available for the workforce in the next ten years and in the ten years after that, so were underperforming in the aggregate right now and were underperforming with regard to particular demographic groups including some minorities. It is possible at least my contention that it might be possible through the redeployment of federal investment, even utilizing differently the resources that are currently being deployed let alone seeking the deployment of additional resources. Even if we were not to do that but to encourage the congress to consider redeploying existing resources and deploying them more strategically and the racial groups lagging behind, it could indeed be the case we could begin to address some of those persistent racial gaps. I believe that that could be possible. And it will be the job of the commission to determine whether or not those theories hold water. This is a pressing issue of our time and i am delighted that my colleagues on this commission have seen fit to allow the commission to address this important issue. So i thank you for the courtesy, mr. Chairman. Thank you and i also want to thank the commissioner and her staff for the effort but also our Commission Staff for putting together the briefing today and yesterday. It is not often we do a twoday briefing so it takes additional effort to coordinate this so were appreciative for their effort. In preparing for these hearings and through the course of yesterdays testimony, what were doing here is really hits close to home for a lot of us on this panel and many of us who testified yesterday in terms of us being First Generation College students. Many of us being the first in our family to graduate from high school such as myself. Im the product of headstart and affirmative action and Higher Education. So these programs arent constitutional theory, these are the kinds of programs that resulted in me sitting before you as the first latino chairman of the u. S. Commission on civil rights and there are many points in my education as in the trajectory of the students highlighted in the testimony that i could have fallen between the cracks or been pushed despite the fact that i was an honor student in high school. A private high school that my parents paid. And my High School Counselor said i should not apply to college. I should be in the steel mills where my father and uncle and i insisted on going to college. She didnt fill out my applications. My parents didnt know what fasa was. Its not just something endemic to the neighborhood i grew up with but i shared the story with others and elsewhere in groups of large Latino Community leaders and that is a common experience for many of us. And i know its shared by other communities of color. One of our panelists yesterday, same thing happened to him in his high school experience. These are real issues that effect real lives so. Im really glad were looking at these because they impact the future of individuals and communities in this country. So we thank you for being here and the efforts everyone is putting in it on behalf of this issue. Our panelist today as the panelist yesterday will have seven minutes to present to us based on their prior written sub missions and there is a system of warning lights just like traffic light. Green, go. Yellow means getting ready to stop. Youll have two minutes. And red of course stop. Well ask you questions and there will be a chance to elaborate things that you were in mid sentence on and our commissioners will try to fairly provide them an opportunity to speak with you because we want to elicit as much information as possible. We want to know that the record of the briefing will be open for the next 30 days. They have the opportunity to present your own comments so we can review those as we prepare our report to the president and congress. So you can submit them to us, by mailing them of commission 1331 pennsylvania avenue northwest, suite 1150, washington 20245. Or email. With that out of the way id like to introduce and then swear our panelists in. The first panelist is from vanderbilt university. Our second panelist is from the u. S. Department of education and our third panelist is with the u. S. Department of education. Will you each raise your right hand please. Ill ask that you swear or affirm the information that youre about to provide is true and accurate to the best of your knowledge and belief. Correct . Thank you. Thank you. I will draw an evidencebased example from the most rigorous studies over the last two deck tkaeudz including work my colleagues and i conducted where we utilize national as well as kindergarten through 20 administrative databases. Strong data are critical to civil rights as well as the solutions we construct to improve Educational Equity in the u. S. For all students. I argue that College Completion and other factors as secondary School Context and Financial Aid also play a role in the odds of college success. We find that nearly 60 of the racial gap can be explained by pre college characteristics. That is before the student ever another 35 of the gap in College Completion is explained by post secondary or touristic. Every state schooling the does not give students an equal opportunity has civil rights opportunities. Giving post secondary study equality is the civil rights battle of our time. Not being appropriately prepared to succeed in college is costly. It is for local and state economies, as well as the nation. They include demographic changes in their school, continue segregation levels, academic preparation, and the factors that predict the College Completion gap. We end with the role of data on understanding where the obstacles are most challenging. The timer is not on. Is not . I will continue. More time. Let it begin with. 1. We cannot neglect we are in a time of change. The majority of our students are now nonwhite. The cost of failing to prepare this population to earn a credential has become a matter of state and economic welfare. Five states now have majorityminority populations. Latinos are now the largest ovulation and colleges. Let me be clear on what this trend does and does not represent. Demographic growth means there are more students, thatnot not that we have been more eligible or successful and placing them. As demographic growth is really masking the underperformance of schools. Our work in texas finds that Latino High School graduates are more likely to enter the workforce and to begin at a Community College. This is regardless of academic preparation. Next point associated with race among students at Fouryear Colleges, our Analysis Finds that 48 of hispanics are economically disadvantage as compared to 5 of whites. Racial segregation continues to have harmful effects on key s