Area at the same time and experiencing common externally imposed political frameworks, nd that started with the northwest ordinance in 1787 or so, and that meant that a whole prawling section of u. S. Territory, the future states of ohio and indiana and michigan, illinois, would meantve slavery, and that that the appalachian, the midwestern side of the ohio river, ended up evolving in a different political and economic frame work than the western side so yeah, there are midwestern differences and also, g e midwest ended up creatin this firewall that prevented the expansion of tide water from the Kentucky Blue country into the midwest and also with the later missouri compromise in the early missouri ry, the main compromise we call it in maine, ut nobody else does, essentially said that all the territory that makes up the uture states of minnesota, iowa, kansas, nebraska and the so on would also be free states and so created this additional firewall. Being a here ended up creation of a common set of experiences. So the midwest is absolutely something that this federated entity, which i think is helpful in the worthy inform the worthy effort to reinvigorate regional studies is to realize where those achill ees heels were as work out how to define it and sustain it. The takeaway, i guess in all of this, is that early settlement can matter a great deal in history. This, for example, is a map of the location of congregational atlas of from the historical geography of the United States. 1860. Gational churches in each dot is five churches. The Congregational Churches, in defend of the puritan church. So this is the marker of yankee settlement in 1860. Notice the close correspondence to my yankeedome boundaries. Iowa. So check out yankees tried to make it their own in their Great Mission to kentucky idwest from ans and whoever else that got in the way of the yankee way, and hey brought out the iowa band from the andover theo logical the ary who founded denmark, and created grinell, as of these many new england style colleges of production, overlyn, overlat, carlton and so on and so forth throughout the midwest. Key roles in the Abolition Movement in places like iowa and werent able to e. Hieve dominanc however, their influence was felt at some level. Iowa was delve the midlands. I sometimes wonder, this may be a reach, but i throw it out there. If youll look at iowa and match it up with say Political Behavior recently, its amazing Congregational Church map matches the bluered fizzures in recent elections. Ive been asking people in iowa, even owa city and maybe aimes, you can explain the luered gaps but why are rural farming counties in the eastern part of the map, with very counties on the western part, why are they voting differently . Mix. That may be part of the and i would open it up to questions now. Anybody . Dont be bashful. Its always the av. Audience thank you very much for coming and visiting with us tonight. My employment with microsoft has caused me to live in many ifferent places around the country. And when i read your book, it was very interesting to me to places that i have that d living are places are very similar to my beliefs, politically, and the things that culturally. I guess its why im kind of iowa. Alent about its very pearlistic. But i like it a lot better than say the deep south, for example. As youve gone through and learned so much about this subject, is that a common experience for people to have . Mr. Woodard yes, and i hear talks, but another interesting question people should bring out whenever anyone hey, youward and says, know, the early settlement nt terns of the contine explains events that are happening now. But people say yeah, but people are moving around, right . You had all of this immigration in the 19th century. Retailing, got mass the internet, mass broadcasting and the media. You know, certainly that must be making everyone more homogeneous, right . Eroding all the regional differences in cultures, with all this moving around and such. By any ts not measurable you know, technique. Actually es are getting wider, and part of the reason is exactly what you explained. When people started looking at this question, one of them is bill bishops the big sort that asked the question, you know, they had realized in the 1970s, the number of counties, counties in the u. S. That were landslide counties in elections where they always and for the same party that party won by 20 points or more. It was only like, i dont know, counties were like that. The rest were kind of in the middle. Then fastforward to the early it had grown to, i dont know, 50 or 60 . Theyre like, what happened . How could that be . So they started looking at where people are moving and what people are doing, and what they discovered was that people, statistically speaking, when hey move around and take jobs elsewhere, to the extent that they can control it, they tend places e to move to where theyre surrounded by likeminded people, where they feel at home. And sometimes theyre doing that because they didnt feel quite at home in the place they started and choose to start going and sorting themselves, selfselecting, into communities where they feel like theyre surrounded by likeminded people, right . Because this map, you know, were talking about dominant cultures, and every single one counties, you have the full spectrum of political beliefs represented. Even in the bluest of the blue and reddest of the red counties, 30 of the ave 20 or electorate voting for the wrong side. Whether or not you feel like the culture around you, like yeah, im so glad i live here, everything feels right, or completely re frustrated, like why is it people think this way and act are there all y these unexamined assumptions i cant stand . Maybe its the observation of some people. Some of each, i think. But you get a chance to move and statistically speaking, people try to end up moving to places where they like where theyre going and others started migrants, hat politically speaking, tend to resemble their destination more than their point of origin. In other words, statistically speaking, the people who move than the different people they left behind. So the big sort is actually part of the reason those cultural differences are and and him of that answer. Looking at the map, i noticed kansas itself has almost three reports of appalachia and the midwest. What did in fact happen to kansas to create one of the few three different regions going through . I am not an expert on kansas politics. The statewide experiment has been controversy all. About a trickledown economics will work. The answer is, maybe not. Why would that take place in kansas . I would be guessing. The midlands is a swing region and canned shift around depending on the climate. You have a pretty big chunk of greater appellation of that would be that way. Experimentlity of an like brownbacks doesnt seem implausible that it would happen there. Why it happened there and why it happened now, i do not know enough about kansas to answer. I am not shocked. Insert butd a better main is far from a kansas. I understand. Thank you. Being from a iowa, it is interesting to look at this map. I feel were half up alicia and have yankee dem. A[ppalachia and half yankeedom. Unit is the only substate that has historical continuity. Counties are stable and bytistics are collected counting. In terms of deciding which a given will be in, the process is incredibly accurate. As you work left, it gets harder because the depth of history is shorter. The speed of settlement becomes more rapid. It is one thing when it took from getting from one county to another for generations. Century, you could jump several states forward in a few years. It was made easier in that you individual data. Yankees, at a certain point in the 19th century, once the external migration was happening, it became important for some to establish they go all the way back. The daughters of the american revolution. The mayflower society. Nkeedom was trying to establish they came earlier. Some local luminary put together the history of my tiny little town in seven leatherback volumes, detailing everything. Thehe back one third of history would be genealogy of every Single Person living in the town whenever they put the book together. Every Single Family traced all the way back to the old world to establish where everyone came from. Scholars tap to on these because there is one for every town. By putting it together on an individualized level, it was came from wearo and trace its backwards, so that was made easy. But when you get out closer to where the regular agricultural folkways could not sustain themselves, they collapsed for lack of water. Where you needne artificial, largescale irrigation or you cannot function. You get closer to that line, yuki and the tease out if it is a Midland County or yankee county. It gets trickier. Often there is not that level of detailed genealogy. Yankee manifest destiny. The midlands is an inherently the characteristic of no one Ethnic Cultural Group in charge. Theirle communities with own language maintaining it sidebyside. A danish village here, reformed village there. Speaking their own language, publishing their own newspapers up to the 1920s. Ease of us. To the if you did that in yankee dem, you would have somebody knocking on your door, never living alone. Yankeedom, it is a melting pot. You must assimilate into it. Not so for the midlands. That makes it trickier to justify the Midland County. You work with every item you have. Where were the churches located . Sometimes there are markers. Are particular elections at a local level. Sometimes federal, highly polarized. Regional culture would vote a certain way. The dialect maps past and present give you a tracer of how people speak by a county level. Culture is a messy business. But it is solid on the right, you have to make decisions and do the best you can. The dakotas are the hardest part to do. In terms of iowa, there is a material building culture that swipes through the section of northeast iowa. Maps you getalect a ball much that starts in dubuque and works north. The norwegians were coming from the northern freedom into the top counties. That minnesota overflow. That is why i categorize it that way. That yankee effort using in the Congregational Churches and the early history of iowa. It did not succeed. I took a conservative approach where it seemed maybe it dominated over the pluralistic culture. I would be curious to see what the people thought of that. Of you afterwards are there. It is good to get crowdsourcing from individualized places. My question is, you mentioned people arern times becoming more ideologically. Ondensed is perhaps the word do you think this condensing can cause things like recently, in texas, more movements to separate texas from the rest of the union . Kind ofand over in an old civil war manner . At yes. That leads into the zeitgeist. And partsnd loyalty of the location are starting to sink up. You get frustrated. Thoseposition is from people over there into that feel the same way. You were going to get into the geographic rather than partisan differences which will lead to mutter about, but maybe it would be better if we seceded and had place. Hopefully that does not become realistic. People say, when it be easier if we just broken up. You can snap your fingers and that might be true in theory but i have a more tragic sense of. He human condition the collapse of communism, the aftermath in bosnia. I do not have faith it would all just happened peacefully if we started going down that road. I am a of the, we have to work out a way to Work Together, not as the american experiment has been so successful, but the cliche that the world needs us true. R leadership is there is nobody else to step in and so it is important to everybody on the planet that we somehow succeed and carry on. Thank you. I was wondering why you left miami and south florida out. Excellent an question. I needed to decide, i am going to write to one book and tell everything and have it go back 400 years. This is a practical manner i had to define it to and put some limits on it so i did not end up the croatian that miners who created a croatian enclave at the edge of the southern ocean. I needed to have a definition is to where i would stop. So my definition is the landing point from which it extended outwards and had to be within the present confines of the United States and canada. That left out hawaii, which is in greater polynesia i imagine. Newfoundland, colonized from the southern sections of labrador and the southern part of florida. The reason the book was a history, ahistory, with each fog culture and how it got started, then you move forward to the next phase. Each one added, i would have to the history. The great celestial navigators in the pacific going between islands and setting up cultures in hawaii and micronesia and elsewhere. But it does not intersect with story athe american the continental level. It does not enter our sphere until the yankee missionaries go out there. Newfoundland did not join canada until after world war ii and the referendum, the old people in newfoundland are still furious about. Bit. Only lost by a little to this day, if you are in newfoundland, you get on a ferry there is a constitutionally established very which must connect newfoundland to the rest of the country. When you are there, when you get on the ferry, everyone says, i am going to canada. They still say that, and they are serious. And also, south florida. South florida florida is a swing state and everyone asks about it. Not matter, that did until the last 40 years or so. The deep south finally settled. It is not from the founding colonization culture of southernmost florida. That came not from the l norte wheref new spain but from all of the caribbean zone and treasure ships that were coming from the mountains, they were making an income mine and the trans shipments from asia that the spanish empire had gotten together. They put them together on these calledg fortresses manila galleons. They got into mexico, brought incredible treasure by packed meal. They came to havana and would work their way through the florida streets. Deal. As a big i would have to tell that entire story to bring south florida into the equation. Nots not that it does exist. Or as a newspaper columnist and miami angrily said, writer sallisaw florida not art of the u. S. I say that . It is not what im saying, it is just a part of the regional cultures established here. There will be a reception and book signing following shortly. Almost after running no ads in 2015, the Donald Trump Campaign has released its first out of 2016. Here is a look. Trump, and id approve this message. Donald trump calls it radical islam and terrorism. That is why he is calling for a shutdown of muslims entering the United States until we can figure it out. And, he will stop illegal immigration by building a wall on our southern border that mexico will pay for. Donald trump we will make America Great again. Kentucky senator rand paul holds a town hall meeting in exeter, New Hampshire. At 6 30 eastern on cspan two. And, former governor jeb bush will campaign in meredith, New Hampshire. That is live wednesday at 6 30 p. M. On cspan two and cspan radio. Clintonr president bill campaigned for his wife hillary. That is next on cspan. And, former congressman agriculture secretary dan glickman talks about president ial campaigns into the political process. On our next washington journal, we will discuss finance and spending for political ads. That, we will talk about the roots of islamic extremism and the ways to counter it. You can join the conversation live via facebook and twitter. Washington journal is live every morning at 7 00 a. M. Eastern. Cspan takes you on the road to the white house. Best access to the candidates at speeches, rallies, and town halls, and to meetintogrades. Coverays, every event we is on our website, cspan. Org. Campaignsill clinton for his wife Hillary Clinton in exeter, New Hampshire. The former president also talks about the economy and National Security. [applause] there is a huge overflow crowd upstairs. Can we hear you . [shouting] we heard you. You for coming out. This is where president s speak. Thank you all for coming and thank you for president clinton for coming to exeter today to this today. Bout volunteers have worked tirelessly for the last nine months. But we have a crucial 36 days ahead of us. 36 days. Over 36 hundred Daylight Hours left for those of us knocking on doors. The stakes for New Hampshire families could not be higher. Our country faces difficult and challenges. Like sharing prosperity with all of our countries people that are willing to work harder to get ahead. Like feature manic instance of Substance Abuse and how were going to deal with that. Like in Adequate Health care. Guns falling into the hands of people who should not be able to own them. America needs a president who has what it takes to get the job done. They are going to be asking themselves, who is tough enough to take them on and make a difference for working families. That is Hillary Clinton. [applause] president clinton, i was looking at a photo of you and hillary back in your gale law school days. [laughter] yet, it it was that one. You both look so bright and hopeful just like the two of you look today. [applause] thinkinghoto got me about the path the two of you have each taken. You both could have gone anywhere. You could have followed any path. Thankfully, the path that called to each of you was the path of public service. [applause] you reach called to address the issues of prosperity, hope, and justice through service and government at the state and national level. You both chose to put your lives, your fortune, and joe sega and honor at the same that thing we call government. Is nothingse, that more and nothing less than what together. Eed to do such a choice that hillary has made, and you, invites me, or maybe better yet, rather than invite, mutuality commands me in this moment to make a similar choice. Hillarys campaign, a campaign capableor the most visionary and capable candidate in many a year, her c