Our mission in the geographic scale. There were also the need or the time to replicate or see how we could use some of the and canadian experience in thenizing the society in joint ventures. Which is something that we dont have down there. Invented a concept which was alliances. Was to have an analogous Organization System that works in society and the state agencies and federal government or international. To help to create this organizations in mexico. Many likeere are that. It is a different understanding they are all and what type of object they can pursue. We did a there used to be the u. S. Foror in quite sometime. Fun years. As very we were very active. Insistent to know, begin tostakeholders think differently. Which is basically more difficult to do when you work planning for your day. Binational, or graphically speaking the level. How to change people in order to begin to think differently. Institutions. Its happened very slowly. We intenderstand what to do or the solution takes five that to really assume change, no . Foray we worked very hard implementing five of the mexico that was intended to be connected with ventures of canada and the United States. Explainingmuch connect the rio with the of entire species. It is very important. And it is working. In some ways it is working. Is working not the way we imagine it, which is one big lesson. Think lets organize the reanalyze in mexico. It is going to be connected with giant the history of the United States and i dont know. It is shared. It is not happening exactly that way. But it is happening. Collaborations. We have those maps that we developed. Maps. R we have many other tools that we applying right now almost 20 years ago. After. Years the other example that i wanted to point out is that how we came up with this thing. Saysse i mean basically very bad news. No . Diagnostic of what is coming. Talking about the approach, it sin 20 years ago. Almost forbidden. U. S. N the groups in the were very divided. In ones that are specialized shore birds or docks or land birds. Other country in the that that can replicate Incredible Organization and number of specialist and resources and everything. Is impossible. But i mean the concern and the agencies and our the scientists and the people that is involved in conservation two countries and north changingas the key for that mission. I mean that system. Mentally i remember many where people really Maps Initiative which is all birds forever. Like a threat. Because it was a proposal that intended to change the way we were working. As i said before, we were focus on my own university. I dont have times for developing signs and institution strategies for shore birds. I need to work with birds. Thats the best way to associate partners in canada and the United States for accelerating the process of generating knowledge to be applied for longtime conservation in north america. And it took time and a lot of meetings and a lot of resources and a lot of developments to really come up to where we are now. Says andbody understandings and thinks in terms of the university. Thethey are still work on main focus. Towas really not a threat try to have a more vision of was needed for Bird Conservation in the context of the university. Data dont have 100 year of bird monitoring in mexico. Birdtly they canadian banding program, its about 20 years, thats all we have. Bandinges not a bird program in mexico. We have not gotten yet to the the agencies understand that you need a banding program for generating for making you need decisions. They are i mean in the u. S. And canada, that information is generated and it is used for relations. Sions and which is very important. But thanks to that, now we have signed an agreement for cooperating for canada and the mexicod the country of to develop their own bird banding program, connected with the ones we have. Again coming back to the question of how do we come up with this . What about the information . Well, the first thing was we i mean we were hesitating to use them. In mexicoe scientists were not very comfortable with approach and the methodology that was proposed to come up assessment of the conservation statue of birds in north america. And it was a process to for convincing people, including me tell you, because i have been the coordinator in mexico 15, 16 years now. To take that approach and have an idea of how birds are doing continent in north america. About seven orn eight years of workshops, experts tol of the participate in the economic and worship where they had opportunity to provide all of their knowledge and all of their experience to using a system of evolution providing a value that we needed to assess the mexico birds. One zesting thing is when we these the world was divided into short birds. Theecided to do all of birds at once. Different from the u. S. That i mean land birds with the first group and then aquatic birds and then marine species and at the very end, the ducks. They have other sources of data. Anally we came up with complete database within an assessment of the north america species. Some parts of the process were because, difficult, for example, birds that the u. S. E is south of tend to rank high in the u. S. , limited species. There are a few registered. But it is so common. The south ofe in u. S. And once in mexico, no . We had to do that what we call process for putting together and try to, you know, this difference of arception and come up with very strong and solid database basically the basis of this document. Mean another tool in common our bestdeveloped by scientists and administerrer and juste from the government in mexico we had the participation of more than 150 in birds. With all of the support in the partners in the u. S. Come up with that level for conservation by the public. You rate this, youll find the web site here which is stateofthebirds. Com. Then youll have access to the database. Interested in a specific species, you can take a look there. Finish that saying with 1620 years, we have been accelerating and way weng the collaborate. We have learned a lot from each other. New visions and new and i think we are equipped for trying to face some of the challenges that we are facing now. What are we going to do to stop and reverse what is happening with that third of the species. It is not only as charles mentioned, not only about maritime species. Changeshe things that is that we started to try to perception and the our understanding that the shared birds are the birds in in our home. D this is another small but very important change. Theres a species in yucatan part of the habit thats shared with the winter. It is the neighbor. They interact with each other theyg the winter time when spend the winter down in mexico. Understanding that to complete to incorporate that into a vision for protecting the cycle of birds where they fly through and where they is incredibly important. Especially if we want to provide solutions in the future for helping them to recover from many of the threats they are right now. They are serving as a the cannery and the coal mine; right . They are telling us something. Something that we are about toy wrong we are lose one out of three species in the next few years. To activate the society. Much with work very many different stakeholders and ways of facing these the peopled empowers are going to be one of the Key Solutions in the short term. That has become a major force for generating very, very valuable information. As they explained with that map stimulating that models the distribution in the north american species. Andave better scientists many more scientists in the thee countries than and sensitivity to do things and to act in that direction. With the participation of the citizens. F the normal that has become i will finish with that an important part of are doing in mexico. Thanks to the collaboration with partners we are developing a scienceong citizen strategies for involving the assessing what is the status of the birds when they leave and the same time it perception of territory. The people fall in love with the and they begin to be concerned about it. That changes everything. That changes everything. The same time, were trying to use birds as indicators that you mentioned for example, if we change the way that we timber in a particular ifa, we can use birds to say thats sustainable practice is theng an impact on diversity of birds. So birds have very, very good indicators of that. Also makey to understand some of the project planners, the economist that birds are an incredible tool for assessing interventions our in social and economic issues. To put that try doinger is helping us to things better and always in the collaboration of the two majors. Thank you very much. [applause] thank you, humberto. Would like to give a concluding presentation. There might be some information kind of on especially in the spirit of the competitiveness in the north america regions and pull together some information on it,ever you want to call birds, birds watching, adventurism as an Economic Force here in north america. Pulled together a little bit of information from some of the literature thats out there on this stuff. Unfortunately or the way it works is theres quite a bit of thermation available from u. S. Some good Information Available from canada and much less from mexico. I think well see more of these kind of analyses coming forward in the future. Focusing here on the u. S. Again theres more information on Wildlife Watching or bird big business very if you will here in the United States. Effortse some recent from a fiveyear study thats thatsery a study done every five years on that with some very large numbers. One estimate has over 70 Million People in the United States engage in some form of Wildlife Watching. I think most of that is birds. Not all of it. Is the number show is around where we live in the houses. Bit of it are people who travel away from their homes. Large differences. The estimate that this study has come up with is quite large. Over 50e spending billion u. S. A year on this kind of activity. These are two pie charts to how these numbers break out. As you can see, a lot of the at thetures, if you look lefthand pie chart, they are binoculars,ipment, tripods, cameras, all of that kind of stuff. A fair bit is related to travel and other expenditures. A lot oferate in communities income and dollars economies. The local and again if you look at this sort of by where it is distributed in the u. S. , people all over the country are traveling different related amounts. It varies a little bit from region to region. Is still pretty high pretty much all over the country which National Pastime if you will. And then another thing, of course, which interests a lot of us particularly in nonprofit are trying to raise funding, as you might expect. Expenditures are where the participation is skewed to people with higher incomes. It is both an opportunity and a think, going us, i forward. Of breakif you kind this out in terms of trends, as i said, the surveyens will done every five years. Some of this is very interesting, particularly here on the right. Definiteme very increasing trends in the united oftes and in the number people and expenditures over time. We expect these trends to as we go forward and interestingy because other similar trends for some of the more traditional activities like hunting are same time. Ard at the looking at some generally similar data from canada, we see a lot of similar stuff. This is percentage of canadians participating in sort of naturerelated all kinds. Of some of these numbers are extremely high. A lotquarters, over half, of us as we see perhaps in the u. S. , a lot of people are there, participating canada. Activities, in again similarly a lot of canadians are spending a lot of theseut there in activities. Again this is data sort of days spend on it. Again most of the time is spent near where people live. Sizable proportion again involves travel to different the country. And summaries here again it sizable expenditures over 40 billion canadian annually being spent on the activities. Again these are sizable on this type of activity with, i think, eyeballing it roughly similar breakdowns in terms of spending on equipment and travel and things like that. Again in canada much like the opportunitiesl are deriving significant benefit from birding and naturerelated tourism. To what we seear in the u. S. , a lot of this peopleg is skewed toward with higher relative incomes. In mexico theres very little about their available. We have at least one estimate bird watchers rather over 24 million in u. S. And mexico in one year. Thats ten years ago. Know this has only increased over time. What i think what is course, is that as im sure all of you know, major tourismjor, hub for all kinds of things. The two biggest sources of tourist to mexico are the United States and canada. I think while we know a lot of are going to cancun or there for the wildlife and birds and other wildlife, it is it is it lot oflutely true that a people are going to mexico for of sort of natural riches all different kinds. Infact, i was able to find in 2009 i was the tenth most the world. I thought to finally conclude the reason to give you a flavor are not as much into this as some of this and there are things to be seen in mexico and the natural world. I included two samples of this. The left which looks to you like a bunch of sky. E black dots in the this is a shot of migrating hawks and vultures taking on mexico. I think humberto, you might agree with me. Think it is an exaggeration to say that the veinvinitothe hotel one of the top bird watching in the entire world because you raptor the largest migration again on the planet passes through the area on on exceptional days over one million individual raptors pass through that one mexico. If you want to see that, thats that. A fabuloust this is bird that ive never seen. The rosebellied bunting. It is a beautiful bird. Want to see this bird, which many of us do not only in of u. S. And other parts europe, you have to go to mexico. A small mexico, but part to see this bird. Ofs is what motivates a lot us to spend some of these large quantities of money to do these things. So not to bore with more numbers, here are some of the sources that i used. If you want to follow up on recommendation digging into this. This bottom one in the u. S. Is goldteresting it is a mine of statistical information for those of you who are oferested in that kind activity. So thats all im going to say. So i think well be well sit here and be happy to take any questions that anyone has. I think there are microphones. Which might be easy. Hi. Thank you. Hi, thank you very much. Was really a terrific and interesting i have one question just going from what humberto was saying toward the talk, humberto, as birds serving as impact a canary in the coal mine. Your wondering unscientific take on how often and governments use bird impact indicators as indicators of our interventions . Really thats a interesting yeah. It is a great question. Ill just add a couple that i know. Both the state of the birds know,s are, i guess, you we didnt invent them in north america. Were frome first ones the united kingdom, australia, places. R they have great examples of using some of those indicators in what they call quality of life indicators. Use theirthey birds asor grassland one, indicators of their and agriculture and quality of life. There are places that do that at countrywide scale. I think it is fairly rare. Others may have other examples local examples of where people are doing that from a showing thatfe or a wetland is healthy by the has anof birds it indicator. Anyone else want to add . Just add to that, canada has sustainability indicators. Two of those are based on birds. Have they driven policy . Probably not yet. They are part of the suite. Relatively new at that set of indicators. Im not sure the indicators are way thethe same Economic Indicators are. If the economy drops, theres a huge concern. The Environmental Quality of life indicators drop, i dont we get the same thing. Indicators. Perfect some birds isnt that sensitive change compared wildlife. They have two assets. Ones by far theres lots of people that watch birds. A huge database. Even if they are not a perfect we have butterflies or rare insects that disappear, a lot of diversity if we keep birds. Because we can get data and isention from birds, which the other piece of it. They are widely used in sort of forestryts of of this emulating the natural disturbance. It doesnt mean Everything Else is perfect, if we are keeping the birds were keeping a good thek of the rest of ecosystem functions. It is used a little bit. Is driving policy. Farm policy is being driven by the indicators. Itsanada, i dont think driving policy yet. Thats where we want to go. We want people to look at these indicators and when the indicator declines realize that this is something they should take action on to try to increase the indicator. And in mexico i would like to give a specific example. Which is in the context and the covers of mexico that the central mexico to the south another violation associated with Central America. It is a very, very diverse area region. We are applying theres a intervention in order to improve the likelihoods of health of the environmental by improving the say timberuce lets and cocoaand coffee or provide some services such as the ecotourism. Have been working on very hard in the last few years to incorporate system of the response of birds to those interventions. Mean what are birds a good value in Group Practice for example talking about coffee, time for that is maybe a few years. You have maybe a baseline. Its not rocket science. Its very easy to understand for the people that work in the field. That helps to connect to what is the status of our birds here . If you modify a practice into a more sustainable one with involvement to assess using Natural History and knowledge, as you monitor the populations, see how the birds react to that change. Well, we started a few years ago and we have a troop of more than 350 who are trained in the equipped working in 11 states, trying to help us to assess the impact of Sustainable Practices that are being imposed in order to help create and maintain connectivity between protected areas in the southwest of mexico. It is in some way