On those tests, and we are even in about a winning teachers on their ability to improve reading or writing, whether they teach it or not. It does not matter. When everyone is focused on that, how have you guys succeeded in pushing a social and Emotional Character Development agenda so well . We do not have much time, so lets start with you, shelley. It is necessary that you help people make the link between social and Emotional Learning and the academic curriculum. People understand the culture and climate of schools is critical. I have indicated my board, teachers, and parents. The resonance of that has been very responsive. When you state it that way, i have not found difficulty in moving forward, in any of the districts i have been in. People understand character matters. When you create a positive climate, students will do better. For me, asa started this for us, and we can now let we cannot let children fall behind. Fortunately, there is a lot of evidence that shows kids to have these skills to read better. We have been pointing back to the evidence of why this will improve reading, which is one of our primary goals. We have a great deal of opportunity with the common core. You will not succeed at a richer curriculum without these skills of persistence in problem solving, ability to work with others. The common core, which you will hear about later today, oopened the other academic are opportunities in which to learn about social and Emotional Learning. We can talk a lot, we have the research and the numbers, but for communities, they need to see it. For us, what i have been doing is encouraging our teachers to intervisit. I have been encouraging parents to visit different schools where you can see the interrelated this between the curricula, but also a place where people are nice to each other. People need to see it. In october, we had a district wide conference focusing on bullying, not just looking at the reasons for bullying, but giving people the strategys of how you go beyond. What needs to be in place in order for that to happen . The conference was focused for parents. We spent a lot of time it was saturday, so they give up their time. We reserve space so that we could take care of the kids while the parents were engaged, sharing some of their perspective. I think the entire notion of triangulating this in communities, looking at parents and schools, students, we have a committed to Going Initiative and one of our our schools where we are looking at what are the resources that our families need . It is not just what they need during the school day, but what do they need beyond the school day in order to do this work well . And the curriculum and standards must build the spirit and our children. We have to recognize, we practice the policy of the tension attentionality. Anyone who approaches our doors with curriculum materials or other programs that might support us, they have to meet the checklist. If it does not address it, if it does not allow us to do it in collaboration with academic goals, if those resources are designed to push us towards addressing those topics in isolation, we address them. Let me say what none of them mentioned, a significant factor is courageous leadership. We want to thank challis, eric, and gail, and sonya for being champions of social and Emotional Learning. Thank you. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2013] we are at the home of the United States first president , George Washington. This is not vernon. Visitors and staff are celebrating his birthday. His actual birthday is this friday, but in 1971, the date of the holiday was changed. Since then, the federal holiday has not fallen on the actual day that he was born. Visitors to mount vernon celebrating washingtons 281st birthday this year. We will be taking it to other submitting a locations on this president s day holiday. In the meantime, remarks from marissa mayer. Later, a look at Mental Health and addictions. Before that, here is our look at our first ladies series. I think the women themselves in many cases were interested in politics but had no vehicle to express that in their own lives, so they were attracted to men who were going to become politically active, or were already politically active. Each of them, i find, intriguing. Probably half of them are out there because they are so obscure historical. Half of these women probably would be totally unrecognizable to most men and women on the street. Cspan premiers it new series first ladyies. Exploring the lives of the women who served as first lady. From Martha Washington to Michelle Obama. Season one begins tonight at 9 00 eastern and pacific. Watched the program earlier in the day live at 2 00 eastern on cspan. Now the woman who runs yahoo , cdo marissa mayer. She was at the World Economic forum in davos, switzerland, and she shared her insights on the direction of new technology. She is the youngest ceo of a fortune 500 company. The World Economic forum brings together thousands of liters in business. This is about half an hour. Welcome to insight and ideas with marissa mayer. The c. E. O. Of yahoo if i am not mistaken, this is the first such conversation since becoming ceo. Thats right. Well, it is an honor for both me and the economic forum. Ere here to talk about the future of technology. Lets begin with the one nut that no one seems to be able to crack. The platform shift from desktop to mobile. How do you crack that nut . It is really important. If you look at what is happening in terms of the shift to mobile, the number of mobile phones has tripled in five years. Tablet sales will outsell laptops this year if predictions hold true. It is really incredibly important. A lot of consumers are making the shift. One is understanding how this works, what this provides. And how we can benefit user expectations. The other piece is monetization. Whenever you see a consumer shift of this type, there will be an interesting value added for to create modernization around it. Where does that confidence come from . The bane of my existence from 1999 to 2004, i was at google, and every time i would interact with anyone externally, the one question they would ask me, search is wonderful, it is great to be able to find everything, how is anyone going to make any money from this . Now that seems almost absurd, because search is the giant moneymaker online. That said, whenever you see consumers adopting a technology platform, a particular application like search with this much volume, you know that advertisers will want to participate. Theres usually a way where you can introduce advertising such that it is not intrusive, that it adds value, that enhances the experience. Thats what we need to work on. We can look back and see how that was done with search. Everybody gets to play monday morning quarterback and feel smart about it. Can you tell yet what some of the shifts will be in mobile that will allow mobile to duplicate the success of search as a money maker . It has to make money or else at some point innovation will grind to a halt. Well, i think people already are. For example, the application stores, a lot of people sell applications. I think the main thing is, search is a daily habit. What people do on their phones often becomes a daily habit. When i thought about the strategy for yahoo , i pulled the list of what people do on their phones in rank order frequency. If you ignore a few exceptions, and maps because it was really expensive and hard to do right, the list looks like, email, weather, news, financial quotes, sports scores, photos. You get the idea. It was funny. Because phil and i would recite that list on account of my being the new c. E. O. At yahoo i would say what am i doing . My friends and family would say, you are describing yahoo business. I would say, no, i am listing in frequency order what people do on their phones. The nice thing is at yahoo , we have all the content that people have on their phones. Search remains one of the defining experiences for most internet users. It seems to me that it will remain fundamental to what we do. How do you see it evolving . All of the innovations you will see in search will be in the user interface layer. If you look at the past few years, there has been universal search, search will not always be text based. When you are typing, it is responsive. Voice search, a third of searches are done by voice on the phone. All of those types of things are what we will see in the future. I also think that there is a huge opportunity in the future around search personalization. What do i know already . What are my preferences . And how to present the information . We can go about how we shape the internet and order it for you. There are all of these news feeds all over the web. Twitter, facebook. The question is, what order should people read these in the morning . What should they look at . How should they do that . To really do that, you need terrific personalization. Personalization replaces search . Once the computer figures out what it is we like to look for, it will look for it on our behalf . And we wont have to go and do it any longer . I think the right way to look at it is not that it replaces search, but that it becomes a critical part of the search. One provocative way of thinking about it is in terms of the logic, that is your query. In the future, you become the query. It is what you type, it is your background, it is where you are, it is your preferences, it is what you looked at yesterday. The search box can take all that input and create something that is customized for you. The nice thing is, if you are the query, you could possibly type in search terms. Or you could be the query passively. This is the notion that we can pick up your contacts, who you are talking to, where you are. We can provide useful information or a series of links, pictures, videos more useful than your current context. Right now for most of us, the web is still a very managed curated experience. How long does it take before we get there . I think it will happen in the next three to five years. A lot of what we have seen happen, image recognition, Voice Recognition, translation, these are backbone technologies. It is a matter of being able to take personalized notions, what articles to click on, taking all of those signals and mapping it to understand that when i Like Clean Energy on facebook and i tweet out something about green energy, that is a same interest of mine. Are Different Companies go to do it differently, is this something that everyone will have to move in the same direction on . You have to understand what the ontology of entities is. How are things name, how are they organized into hierarchies . For example, you need to know that wisconsin is a state and that there are cities inside of it. If i say i like wisconsin there are a whole bunch of interest that passed it off of that. He need to understand that hierarchy of objects. You also need to understand how they relate to each other. Does this personalization become complementary to search, does that create a new paradigm . The most recent thing that any of the Large Internet Companies have come out with is this social search that facebook has introduced. It is that a stepping stone . There is the social graph. What i am talking about, it will give way to the interest graph. You know this set of things i am interested in, you know the other set of things other people are interested in. They arent just based on, did they go to the same school, do they work in the same place, they are based on, are they interested in the same things . We can create personalization technologies because you can see what people are doing and provide you with information. Theres also a very powerful social component because we can show you interests you may have in common with people you did not realize. I recently found out that the founder of linkedin and i both had the same major at stanford. Symbolic systems. So you can find these kinds of things in the interest graph. You can also find people who you may have never met who you should know because you have things in common with them. It would seem to me a pretty high bar to entry. You have to have a platform that is fairly broad and a huge level of user engagement. Right . Thats right. And we are lucky at yahoo because we also have finance and sports and games and things like omg celebrity news. There are a lot of different verticals. It has broad applications like search and mail. Does the interest graph have the potential to disrupt the paradigm for tech power that was, in some way, set by your old boss, the four horsemen, could the interest or Something Else change that order of the universe . I think all four of those players do a terrific job, providing a lot of great experiences. All four of those people will become major players. The analogy misses that there are other players in the space. Twitter is very exciting and interesting. Technology is not stagnant. It is amazing to think about different waves of the internet and technology. The first wave was yahoo itself. The directory. There are these pages out there, how do you organize them . Then that got so large, the directory model broke down and gave way to search. The next wave came with social. Now were on the mobile wave. That has all happened in about 15 years. We have gone through four Major Technology shifts in terms of who the players are. There are always opportunities for a new disruption. I think a lot of this will be around interest, but thats just my prediction. So we shouldnt, as consumers or in any other role that we may occupy, worry about the control that Certain Companies may exercise over the internet itself and the information that it contains . Well, i think that privacy will always be something that users should consider. I also think privacy is always a tradeoff. When you give up some of your personal information, you get something in return. It is about making those trade offs. How the information, allowing them to control the information you have, and choice. Did you want to use the services in a personalized way or not . Those are the big three components of privacy online. I also fundamentally believe that user data belong to the end user. The question of control is the one that gets people most exercise. How do you ensure how does any company that participates in the space, this industry, guarantee that remains the case and provides users with enough confidence that the information they share is not being abused . The second part is all about transparency. What searches do you have and how are they being used . That is something that is really important. There will be industry standards in terms of providing users an account statement. Some of these primary platforms, what they show you it is what data you have stored there. One of the key pieces that also provides user choice is making sure the data is portable. It allows your barrier to switching carriers to be lower. One of the analogies i use, the papers you wrote in college, are they yours . Absolutely. I feel that they are. Nobody else is interested in them. But nothing else you have done over the past 10 years is not nearly as coherent and structured, but just as insightful in terms as they were your words expressed your way. And it tells a lot about what you learned. I do believe fundamentally they are yours. If you can take that history and pick it up and move to a different search provider and take that as an interest graph and use it in a different application, that should fundamentally belong to you. You are allowing the service to access it to get better information and better results. Either they deliver on that promise or you take your data and go elsewhere. Well, that raises an interesting question. Should you be able to take all of that data . It sounds to me that it could be a great deal to move into one platform or another. Is that possible . I can see a platform being resistant to that. It is technologically possible. A lot of the players are providing for Something Like that. It is not something that is generally something that people think about doing every day. But it is an option. I think it is an important one. It can give users a lot of confidence in terms of how things are handled. And described how one of your employees asked how yahoo is going to compete if it doesnt have one of these four key distribution technologies. There is the mobile operating system, hardware, the brother, and social. I do not know that we got an answer. One of our employees as that. Given that we do not have mobile hardware or a social network, how are we going to compete . It is a question for every company that seeks to compete of the four horsemen of the internet, almost all of them are playing in one, if not several, of those mediums. I think the big piece here is that it really allows us to partner. Yahoo has been a friendly company. It ultimately means there is an opportunity for Strong Partnerships. That is what we will be focused on. We work with apple and google in terms of the operating system. We have a Strong Partnership with facebook. Were able to work with some of these players in order to bolster our user experiences. Is that diecast . You talk about this new graph, the interest graph. Is that the kind of technology that will become key to distribution . With the web becoming so vast, there is so much context and so much social context, and now there is so much location context, how do you pull all that together . Your personalization comes in to make sense of the content. It is the internet ordered for you. It brings yahoo back to its roots. You cannot just categorize anymore. A feed of information that is ordered for you. It is also available on your mobile phone. Some of those technologies remain there is competition in the browser world, in the mobile hardware world, and in the operating system world. What about social . Facebook provides an amazing platform. Now what happens with social is what you do with it. It will be the predominant platform. What happens in social is what you do with it. It is taking that and finding useful context. You are in davos right now, do you know who else is . And be able to offer me the opportunity to meet up with someone who i did not know would be here. There is a natural conflict in the world of technology between innovation