Gets more lifethreatening and expensive. A lot of good things are going to happen. We are the last industrialized nation in the world to have National Healthcare policy. What i have preferred a public option . Yes. But the system we have got is the best that we have ever devised. Started it iny massachusetts. It will help america, it and for many americans, we have got great health for people who can afford it. For or people, they do not have access to doctors living in the innercity. That needs to change. On twitter from jack who writes do you think the Founding Fathers back in 1776 envisioned a secret fisa as key to a thriving democracy . Dont know what they were thinking, and certainly they did not think about the fisa court. 1776really did not see in the first 10 amendments, the bill of rights did not come until later. The Founding Fathers were great. But they were not infallible. They were certainly wrong about women, who did not have the right to vote, and they were certainly wrong about slavery. There were other mistake that they made. Amendments to the constitution the approved upon those, bill of rights improved upon those, but i do not think they envisioned the fisa court. Host manny, democratic caller. , iler hi, mr. Steve cohen am a democrat, and im trying to make you see a different way that we do. , all the cubans coming , our enemies for 54 years being sent over here to spy us. They do everything else, stealing from us, medicaid, medicare, doing the big things, helping people out there in other countries to honor revolution against the United States of america. They hate us. I have been here 51 years, mr. Cohen, and i tell you we got the overry, the border is open texas. All over arizona and texas. But more texas. They come in here not on planes. Their family go and pick them , and allup supplies coming on the greyhound bus. We have to stop that. They come in here what exactly do you want to stop you g . Guest they coming from venezuela, that guy, who is now enemy, the chance to spy host do you think the people of venezuela our enemies caller they are our enemies to o host ok. I moved to miami in 1951, which is about the same time they came, and back then a venezuelan was a great shortstop for the white sox. I think a lot of venezuelans come here for a better way of life, they come here for opportunity, to try to experience the american dream. I met a lot of immigrants who come here, young people that want to serve in the military, that one to have the opportunity to go to college and ,e able to get scholarships lotteries scholarship to give people an opportunity to get through College Without so much expense. They cannot get those because they are not civilians. We need to educate those young people, past the dream act, make them american citizens, given that opportunity. It is reality we are dealing with. I know the general man is concerned. I cannot think the revolution is coming across our border. People are coming illegally, but theyre not coming here to do revolution. I think if they could be a stopper for the nationals, they could do it, and i would be welcome to bring them in. Host lets go to las vegas, nevada, thomas, a republican. Caller my question is when you take 11 million illegal to become legal thens, you open up way they are and are living a legally outside the system illegally outside the system, you open up that whole economy for more evil evil aliens to come. Illegal aliens to come. They have got to get minimum wage, contracts, licenses, all of as are outside the legal process. Theyre now going to need workers or so Illegal Immigrants and fill up come in all the income but all the illegal aliens had. Uest i disagree with you the Business People are responsible for the problem because they are hiring these people. Gal, if could have leav these people become legal, businesses would seek out more illegal people. I do not know if that is true. Verify system. An e you have to realize that people would not get welfare, would not get health benefits. It was over a decade before they could come citizens, they have to show that they have no felonies, no more than three misdemeanors, pay 500, register, have gainful employment, learning was, etc. , and it is over a decade before the, citizens. It also closes the system to anybody that was on here before we will have a closer border call. It is not going to allow anybody ,ho was here before dember 31 2011 to process pay, so does not allow others to come here and participate. Host representative steve cohen from tennessee who represents the ninth district. He said on the judiciary committee. He is the top democrat on regulatory reform, commercial, and antitrust laws. He also serves on preservation and if a structure. He is in his fourth term. The different lawson, wisconsin, fred, independent line. You were on with congressman cohen. Caller good morning. I am a first time caller as well. I do agree with some of your ands on the fisa courts what you are attempting to try and do about it. Hopefully those are genuine the issue ofuse oversight is something that is a major issue in our government, our country. Ot of things the and done things being done with furry little oversight, and with consequences that are unseen at this time. Climate change, all of the things are major issues for the entire world, not just the United States. Whatt know if i see what is being done, actual boots on the ground programs, besides trying to switch over to the clean energy . Is somethinge that is not 50 years ago anymore. Now it is 50 years later, and we are starting to see the effects happening. Guest fried, there are a lot of things that have been done, and the president has beedone some things like that in order. The lady in texas may not be too thrilled about that, but we have Higher Standards for automobiles, so they are will have to get more miles to the gallon. That will help with climate change. There are all kinds of ways there is a light bulb issue, which republicans made a big deal about. Save a lot of energy with new labels that saves you money in the long run. Those types of changes to move to a more energyefficient economy are really important. Theyre going to happen. More and more people using solar at the cost comes down. We need to bring the cost down to make it more available. We just saw the first transcontinental solar airplane flight. No fuel except the son, flew all the way from the west coast to new york. I think the future is going to be solar, and the future is going to be wind, and we need to get a hold of the future. Our planet is in peril. Also mentionedr you were working on he fisa court reform. How much are you hearing from other colleagues on this issue . Some have read about the appointment process, i started working the bill on the floor to get sponsors. We put nine new cosponsors with the bill yesterday. A lot of other people are looking at a that are interested in the issue. It is a Bipartisan Team because not everybody agrees with everything i have got in my bill. Our bill is there to create interest and open up sometimes you have a marketplace of ideas, and you get people to look at ideas and talk. Joe barton from texas, he is that some things he does not like about the transparency, even if it is just dealing with going through the intelligence committee, the judiciary committee. He is interested in the privacy. You might be interested in changing the way the court is constructed. There are republicans interested, libertarian type, as well as democrats. Hopefully we will get something done. Host the peace in the Washington Post, our guest representative cohen, fisa Court Accountability act, there is a difference of opinion by splitting the power to appoint justices. Host lets hear from william in florida, independent line. Caller good morning. I have got a question. There is a surplus of 160. 5 million, and i would like to know what they intend to do with it, and a suggestion is to pay back the Social Security trust fund with that money instead of spending it on something else. Guest im not sure, william, which surplus you are talking about, but as we are running a tremendous debt, Social Security is important. I want to assure you that my colleagues on the democratic side are keeping since her are for keeping Social Security payments for the future. That is a contract we have for people. We need to maintain a strong Social Security system. We dont need to be changing the agent make people have to work long, difficult hours to get there Social Security and work longer. Host democratic caller, ohio. Caller good morning. Ive two comments. One is term limits. If we had term limits, we would eliminate a lot of this you are talking about, favoritism. My second comment is we do have a lot of issues here i am in. Onstruction issues i am in construction. We do not talk about jobs, we talk about a lot of other stuff. I think we need to talk about jobs first, and then we will deal with all of the other issues. Thank you. Guest jobs is a priority of the democratic cause this democratic caucus. We have had jobs bills before the congress, the president has presented a jobs bill but the republicans have not scheduled. The republicans have tried to really message a lots, had 37 efforts to repeal the Affordable Care act, and no acts no efforts to thats a jobs bill. E is be top and infrastructure i think we are now 20 something in infrastructure in the world. We need a lot of roads and bridges and runways need to be prepared. They also create jobs in the long run because there is a way. O get to market we need to increase spending in our infrastructure. They know it is important to have an infrastructure bill. The leadership is not scheduling the bills for vote. Penny wise and pound foolish. Spending on infrastructure will help the economy now and in the future. That is so important. One issue i am really concerned about is the fact that the sequester, which i was against the process and the implementation, has cut 1. 6 billion from the National Institutes of health. Fromof us is that risk different enemies, but from a Common Source healthcare, disease. We are going to be victims, eventually all of us, of aids, zheimers, diabetes, cancer, strokes. Our Defense Department is the National Institutes of health. To cut monies from the national is reallyof health foolish because nothing we can do is more import and then finding jewels finding cures and treatments. The whole republican argument that we that cutting this money was helping future generations that do pay this debt is for woey in terms of healthcare. I hope that by the time you them, theem and i need odds are that people who are 13 years old will have to pay for them. They need to get the benefits out of the appeared we need to be sponsoring and do all we can to defeat illness. That is the National Institutes of health. I think it is criminal that they cut 1. 3 1. 6 billion dollars in the sequestration. I cannot get the republicans to understand in a bipartisan way to restore those cuts. Federal cuts are to credit Johns Hopkins medical school. Host lets go to one less color. At in jackson, tennessee. , pat. Last caller caller good morning. I would like to see an investigation where were ,peaking of taxes being raised and one of the first scares mentioned getting rid of the iris, which i dont know how we would operate the country if we dont have the taxes. However, i have heard about foreigners purchasing businesses in america to my and they are ten years toto run the business taxfree. And then that same business, they turn it over to a brother, a cousin, and then they get it and run the business taxfree for another five to ten years, and they keep on extending it. Can that be investigated . Guest im happy to hear from 70 from the home state, the volunteer state. I will ask my staff to look into that. I think we need to seriously look at that. They should not be competing on a vanished playing field. I will look into that. Thank you for bringing it to my attention. Host commerce and steve cohen, democrat of timothennessee. Thank you so much for your time. Guest nice of you to have me. I want everybody to come to memphis. We have the best barbecue, the best people, and the best music. Host coming up next, america by the numbers segment takes a look at the garden and Early Education. We will be right back. Earlier, some in touch upon idea that women could not really predict their role in entering into the white house. I did find one political observer who commented that mary started with mr. Lincoln when he was a poor young man and with no more idea of being called to the presidency then of being a cannibal. Inever, i try and lay out my book an educated guess that mary lincoln would not have let a little thing like human sacrifice come between her and her goal because she was a very determined woman, she did talk about mr. Lincolns role of entering the white house feared she was someone who was a true political partner. As we continue our conversation on first ladies, we will hear from historians and arthurs, and authors, including patricia radiant catherine clinton, monday night at 9 00 eastern on cspan. It is absolutely vital that we identify our into me correctly. Because it is very hard to find someone that you dont idea that you dont identify correctly. And these attacks on our homeland and others such as the 2005 london bombing have been connected by a common motivation and a singular purpose the underwear bomber, the time tsarnaevtend, the brothers, the one at the fort. Ood, are all jihadist quickly speak about social let men the old speak about social media and the old adage they cannot establish mitigation during a crisis. We have a significant presence on social media. We engaged not only in a one way communication but in a dialogue with people in the community about issues and days in and day out. We were able to use social media effectively in a minute after the blast to a form people where they could go as to what happened, where they could meet loved ones. There was an enormous amount of upset in the community, and we used social media to tempt that down. This weekend, the house and Senate Homeland security look at the Boston Marathon bombing saturday at 10 00 a. M. Eastern on cspan. Secretary bill bennett questions is College Worth it 8 45. Day night at 845 p. M u. S. U. S. For me marines fight the banana wars sunday 1 00. Washington journal continues. Host this week on our america by the numbers segment, we take a look at kindergarten and how it matters in the education i sure for american. Our guests are Chris Chapman with the National Center for. Ducational statistics he is the Science Branch chief. We are also joined by Barbara Willer, with the National Association for the education of. Oung children she is the interim executive director. Chris chapman, we will start with you. Where we talking about kindergartners . Kindergarten is a crucial year. Is there introduction to Public Education. Because of that, we initiated a longitudinal study recently that will follow the development of kindergartners from the time when they enter kindergarten to the l a mentor great. Host what are you seeing so far . Guest we measured several assets of growth and develop your today, we will phone focus on the reading, math, and find and science assessment that the children took part of the study, and we will talk about the future assessment of the childrens learning behaviors. What we find is that the first time converters from poor amilies and from, excuse me moment, and first time in kindergartners of insertion of certain background check of certain background to not as well as others. They seem to fall. There are other characteristics like that. We will talk about those at bit later in the presentation. Host robert willer, our , why is ita willer important to you . Guest convert is very important. It is a time of transition from less formal learning. Pportunities kindergarten is really the first time when nearly all the states provide Public Services to , there are clearly a number of prekindergarten programs, but kindergarten is the first year of the Traditional School year. So getting a sense of how children do in kindergarten really give us a sense of looking at the quality of the advancement we have made in childrens lives and helps determine the trajectory they will have later on. Host here are the phone lines. Parents can call us at 202 5853880, teachers can call it that 202 5853881, and administrators, 202 5853882. Everyone else can jump in on the conversation at 202 5853883. Chris chapman, lets take a look at the overview of kindergartners assessments and how they are performing. What did you learn . Were the students assessed in reading, math, and science during her kindergarten year, and then we also got teachers to tell us about the learning b kindergarten students. What we find is that the average kindergartners in reading are able to recognize letters and understands these sounds the letters make. They also understand the basics of reading in terms of being able to determine what direction to readings sentence and how books are put together. If you hold a basic sight words, they can tell you what the word is. But the math, by the end of the first year, they can see a number and point to it. They are able to do basic subtraction, addition problems using numbers less than 20 or so. They can identify some basic geometric shapes. They are not yet able to do some of the higher order mathematical functions like multiplication. Thatience, the students we interviewed and we measured are able to identify the properties of the materials. They can discuss how simple objects move. They understand which parts of the body are related to which of the s