With a focus on the prison system. A harvardpreview with professor talking about a resumeon has become of people are thrown in jail. Incapacitation, rehabilitation, retribution has also looped in our reasons for punishment. We really shifted our motivation for incarceration from rehabilitation. Retribution, a sense that these are somehow deeply immoral actors that we want to submit to the harshest possible conditions. I think we are now seeing the ansequences of what i feel is misguided strategy that we are somehow expecting for the 2 million individuals currently have in prison, if we can exposed them to psychologically brutal conditions, and then release them into the streets, successbe a policy for and a strategy to reduce crime. Part of the conference will also hear about overcrowding in prisons, the vocational programs, and what happens to prisoners after they leave the system. That is tonight here on cspan at 8 00 eastern. On q a,sunday night twotime bullet surprise cartoonists, michael rimers, on his career and book on satirical cartoons. I have a conglomeration of extremists Israeli Settlers and the palestinian figure, if you notice, he is on a prayer rug, but he has his shoes on. Both of these figures are sort of utilizing a false religion for political purpose. , once again,s that i am an equally opportunity offender. On cspans usa. Up next, a series of interviews on current events, including senator bob corker, bill rhodes, colin powell, mitt romney, and penny pritzker. It will run about two hours. Good morning, thank you for joining us. The Census Bureau which is part of your domain reported that the Median Income for American Household was lower in 2014 than it was in 2013. It was lower than gw bush left office before he arrived. President obama is at risk for repeating that dubious achievement. Why have income stagnated for so long, and is or a path that you can see forward to consistently raising them again . Lets set that for a minute. Wait growth and productivity wage growth and productivity used to grow in parallel. If you step back and say, why is that . It is a reduction in investment. Education, infrastructure, things that can keep america competitive and keep our workforce competitive. When we step back and what is the path forward, have think about how to be invest in worker productivity so that our workers are globally competitive. What happened in 1963 1973, it was the beginning of globalization, the beginning of when Technology Advancements started to really impact productivity. So, we have to continue investing. That is something that is not the way we think about our budget. We think about our budget as expenditures. We have to invest. Yet the invest in our people. You invest in infrastructure. We have to invest in innovation. We have to invest in entrepreneurship. You point out that productivity continues to grow even wages have not. I would talking about a problem of economics, or a problem of politics, the way to gains in the economy are distributed . I think it is all of the above. What we to do have to do is use politics to prioritize. Investment,at rmd it has been flat since 1980. That is not going to help us when the rest of the world and other large economies are spending more and more money. That put us at a less competitive situation. The path forward involves things like basic education. What are we teaching kids in school . What are we teaching them. Wife connectivity so important . Why is connectivity so important . We have to invest in immigration. Skilleda sort of high workers. Opportunity in terms of Immigration Reform to deal with that, but there is an economic and moral obligation when it comes to a skilled workforce. Second is we have to invest and not just our roads and bridges, and we have read all the data that we are not investing enough, but we also have to invest in highspeed broadband. Compete . E more and more businesses being done on the internet. , a companysaid etsey that allow someone to start a business at home and run their business on a marketplace. It is a Public Company. It is a fastgrowing Public Company here in the United States and is basically a marketplace for craft workers to sell their things. We have to be able to have broadband for those folks who have access to the market. 90 of which are women, most of whom are staying at home. These are microbusinesses. There is a new definition of what business and productivity is that we are not connecting. 2010, theanuary president says doubling u. S. Exports over the last five years. A big reason was a slowdown in the national economy. What else did you learn about trying to get more companies to u. S. Export and those that do to expand operations . Burst of all, why is the goal so important . We need and all of the above strategy. 96 of customers are outside of the United States, whether i am a craft worker. Or superhero. [laughter] it is not just about our market, but it is about being able to access the fastestgrowing market. One of the Business Leaders told us. Access and werket want to sell our goods. We need data about a specific market and a specific sector. What is the opportunity in india versus brazil for my particular good or service . They want less red tape. The processes need to be easier. We want to simplified forum. We want expanded access to international, financial to finance for international trade. We at the department of to call this input and what have we done about it . We put out a report for the 19 top markets, what is the demand different sectors . We have made more of our Data Available online, so the average person can access it. We upgraded screening tools online for exporters so that they can nknow better export centers. To help you figure out which markets are goods and services there is a market for them and where your goods and services are competitive. Host is there a target date for reaching this . Point is that american businesses today need to be more global and think global. Andre globalization Global Competitiveness is what is happening. So, what we are trying to do is provide the tools and services to help a business, whether you are a small business, like the craft business, or you are ge or boeing. The chinese president was just here in d. C. Last week here seattlehe arrived in last week, you greeted him with a speech that diplomat democrats would think we and our Companies Continue to have an overall lack of regulatory transparency, discriminatory Cyber Technology policies, and the lack of a level Playing Field across a range of sectors. Describe the state of our economic relations with china after this visit . Step back. China is the second largest economy in the world. This is what i said, you took one paragraph out of what i said. It was notable and got quoted a lot. Host any reaction from the president by the way . Is the group that was traveling with him, we had lots of conversation about this issue. Frankly, this is not news to us. They know it and they keep saying, they want to do reform. Part of my message was, it is not just American Companies that need intellectual property section. Your companies are telling us they are having the same problems. The big message for the chinese was, the way you got here over the last 30 years is extraordinary. They have accomplished what they have a conflict is amazing. Ofot of it was on the backs selling of goods and services around the world. Global demand today is slow. We know that. Pick up a newspaper, it has slowed down. They cannot grow from where they are at today to where they want to be based on exporting their goods around the world. Stronger to have a domestic economy, which means they need to develop a greater social safety net for their people. And it also means they need to develop things like intellectual property protection, or commercial courts of law, that they asked us to help them with. To createserious help commercial courts of law. They created intellectual Property Court because they recognize they are becoming a mature, innovative economy. They need these things. It will benefit american businesses, but they are not doing it for that reason. They are going to consider doing this because it is for their own benefit. They talked about a structured response to allegations of cyberattacks. The president had a poignant comment. The question is far words followed by actions . What is the timeframe im thinking about whether this works that are sentient still on the table if it doesnt . There is not a precise timeframe. I would say that the message was clear actions speak louder than words, and what are you doing about this . This take an area where big progress is made the bilateral investment treaty. That was really struggling to make progress in leading up to this visit, significant progress was made in terms of the sectors of their economy that they are talking about opening up. Is there more work to do . Of course there is more work to do. That will be the story of our relationship with china throughout our lifetimes. But, there was progress made. Wherehave to a knowledge progress is made and have to continue to work or there are challenges. Committedhe are very one of the biggest issues i have been talking with them over this year has been intellectual property protection. They want and need technologies from around the world. They have also some of their own worldclass technologies. They need this. They want to do it better. They asked for our help. We offered our health. Now lets see what happens. Host youre on your way to cuba soon . By the end of his presidency, what do you expect the relations between america and cuba to look like . We have to step back for a minute. Almost 55 years without a relationship with cuba. The first thing we have to do a we have to knowledge we have relations. We have to build trust. Other ando trust each so, part of my trip is really a Fact Finding Mission and the Relationship Building mission. What does that leave . Is dependent on the embargo legislation. Limit to how much the president can do by executive order. We are trying to do what we can because we want the cuban we want a more open relationship anymore open relationship with cuba. The pace of that is going to be depended on two factors cuba itself. Their Distribution Systems are run entirely by the government. They can decide how much of our goods and services they want distributed. Limitedrnet is there a in access at this point. I think, only 2 million of 11 Million People have cell phones. There is a lot of infrastructure that needs to happen. We have to this in perspective. Having said that. I have seen since the president s announcement, significant changing of attitudes here in the United States about the prospect of doing more business with cuba. There is a real warming up to the idea throughout the country. Im very excited about the potential. Host i want to ask you about donald trump. He has said, im quoting, china is killing us, as a cois killing us, everybody is beating us. People. Incompetent i know the smartest guys on wall street. Bring my fellow icons, we have people who are great, will we get better trade agreements . I am friends with all of them. I miss that. [laughter] host will we get better deals . That is simplifying the situate situation with too much. Lets take tbp, we are literally as we speak, the trade representative is working on trying to close out the Transpacific Partnership. There helpingdown to negotiate. Its hard. Between twoeal people, imagine trying to make a deal between 12 countries on 26 different chapters of issues . , andis complicated, hard remember, it is not about just one ago shed are making a difference, it is about all those industries and all those countries having a point of view about what you are agreeing to and how it is going to affect their equities. That is what you are trying to do. Yet, at the same time, the president has set a goal of i want a High Standard agreement. We are not making just any agreement to check the box. What we are trying to do with the Transpacific Partnership is to create a set of what of the rules of the road in trade for the 21st century . What are the labor standards, environmental standards, intellectual property standards . What about ecommerce . Are we going to have a free and open internet . These are all issues that are not been addressed in one form or fashion in previous trade agreements. This is complicated. I think we have terrific negotiators, very tough. I will put them up against whoever donald trump goes. Host thank you for joining us. [applause] next up, colin powell. Presswould on meet the and say, you are in favor of it. Why were you in favor of it . The president had enough to override a veto, but i thought we should get more than that so he should get more votes in order for a to go into a veto. When i look at it, the problem was, to stop the Iranian Program now, not the one that could exist 12 to 15 years, but now. When you get a country like iran that has Something Like 19,000 things running, and the plutonium processing ability, and they agree to cut the number of centrifuges by two thirds and allowed us to put cement at the bottom of the plutonium processing reactor, i talked that was a good deal. Do,as in a better thing to that was something that was good . The otherproblem problem was that we were working for nine years. The allies have gone forward and agreed to it. It may no sense for us to back out. It made lots of sense to go forward. People are complaining that it leads a path to uranium enrichment. 15 years is a long time. Centrifuges will be in storage. You ran will be starting from a much lower point. Ran will be starting from a much lower point. Do you think we can have a fundamental relationship with iran . I would never use the word alliance. I have been burned by a man in the past. Illusions about the Iranian Regime and i know terrorism and causing mischief all over the world is their operational strategy. But this was the problem that was most important to the world being closer to have the visceral material. That is what i thought we should stop. That is what they worked nine years to stop. I think it is a good agreement and worked the support of the American People. Im sorry got tied up in politics. Totallyy did it become partisan . Why does anything become totally partisan these days . Netanyahu felt very strongly about it. President was able to succeed in getting the agreement in place and all of our allies are working with us. I think it does open up new opportunities, but i am not saying it reflects a new, total relationship with iran. Lets focus on this particular thing. Make sure they do but they are expected and promised to do and put a verification regime in their that ensures that we can keep track of it. I talked to be head of our intelligence community, secretary of energy, and they are confident they can verify what is happening. The lees definitive signature that you cant hide. Host one reason it became partisan is a lot of your republican friends who think very much like you, i would guess, do you have that opinion . I would never suggest why they did it. [laughter] asked them, dont ask me. I have been with Nuclear Weapons since i was a young captain. My first assignment was to guard an atomic cannon in germany when i was a 21yearold lieutenant. The core commander, i was ready in germany to call up Nuclear Weapons. As chairman, i had 20,000 Nuclear Weapons under my supervision. I know a lot about this. I know what Nuclear Weapons can do. Anything we can stop the program the way we stop the program, i thought, it was a valuable result of this agreement and i felt i had an obligation from my military experience and my diplomatic experience to show my point for the agreement. Host we have a confluence of interest with the ran in stopping i sold russian mark n in stopping isil. Is the most coveted issue i have ever experienced it is the most complicated issue i have ever experienced. We have to decide which is the first priority. In the military, we are taught to identify what is the main attack and what is the most important thing you have to solve the problem. There were other supporting attacks you can launch. There is also face to that you can take phase two that you can take. The main thing is to defeat, destroy, that is the real threat. Asad he is the. Devil. I would like to see him leave. , my oldink through pottery barn rule, what comes after him . Do we know what will happen to him after he steps down either voluntarily, or he is pushed out. A la lights. We have to be careful before we get too deeply involved in his removal. Wantw that we have said we him out to i want him out. Sil defeated. Host you think the Administration May be making a mistake by emphasizing assad must go. I dont see anything wrong with that. In recent days, the administration has been modifying their language a little bit. Saying, maybe not today. We will figure out a way and work with our friends and allies. I think he will eventually go. I think have it you have to be extremely careful. We thought we knew what happened iraq, anda rack we guessed wrong. Isre is some structure that functioning, whether we like its form or not, whether its a dictatorship or not. There is a structure holding the society together. Top, theremove the whole thing falls apart. You get lots of people leaving, fleeing to get to a better place that is safer and have a better life. Kingdom ted cited yourtor pottery barn rule. Youre responsible for the pottery barn role. [laughter] host i didnt say it, you said it. Break a government, or cause it to come down by invading it, you are now the government. And he got labeled a got a check pottery barn had a heckuva lot of advertising. [laughter] said we violated that by go