Look at the commercial espionage realm and that is the bulk of this. In that realm, what we need to think about is the governments are inherently not dynamic or decentralized and therefore, they are not the right answer. The right answer to the problem is lets get the standard items norms of behavior and empower the private sector who has decentralized the dynamics to deal with this, much like the analogy where i grew up in texas, you have a local police force and the nypd and you dont always need a Big Government solution. And frankly, in this case, going back to the bank analogy, having a private solution, responding as long as they meet the certification in the standards, government doesnt have to solve all of our problems and we can in fact solve it ourselves, that highend dedicated attack is the realm of statesponsored government and you heard general alexander say and he got in trouble for that we dont even have our act together or the cybercommand that has just now announced that they will have this and that they wont be ready until 2016. That the calvary is not coming, we are on our own and we have to have a global consensus and then in power with cyberpolice forces at the head of the problem. Chat makes a great point. While organizing the office of cyberteams, somebody did strike this at the olympic games. They may not have been organized as a team, but they had to operate someplace. So the gentleman with his hand up there, a microphone is coming to you. Hello, i am from policy in focus and theres an aspect that you have talked about, we have seen how vulnerable the world system is too chaotic behavior and so just how formidable are those systems because you mentioned the speed of light. It seems that most of our Financial System now is being run by computer programs and just how much chaos we have seen how much can be caused by a malfunctioning system. So, you know, could this be deliberate in the chaos theory . I think the question here is we have seen markets that know how to implode on themselves and we have seen nasdaq shutdown without any outside help and supposing someone came around and actually i think it raises an interesting question, but i think it raises another question for you, which is we couldnt have imagined a world that was this interdependent. But yet you can pick out a bunch of societies all at one time if necessary. And we really do that ourselves with Lehman Brothers and bear stearns five years ago. Tell us about the vulnerability of someone was trying to do a deliberately. Theres no doubt. There have been a few instances over the past couple of months that some of you may remember. With a twitter account was hacked and as a result, they said that the president had been tried out in Something Like that and i have a market effect immediately. But only for a few minutes. People can make a lot of money in a few minutes in this town. That is right. But it bounced back very quickly. Thats an interesting situation. Theres a lot of people that got a call there in the washington dc area about this. In just a quick point. What does it mean . If we look at science, its an interesting pattern that we are getting used to. We are not really in denial itself, but we are just taking it down for a couple of hours. But you asked them in the major banks are worried. It is costing them millions of dollars per minute and with others, what we have seen is the shift from selfdestruction and what is going on against wells fargo, bank of america, citibank, each of the attacks to steal money or intellectual property, these are direct attacks specifically for this, which is shaking the confidence of our system and youd think about it on any given day, all of it, going to the bank, tomorrow to take out money, no bank can withstand that. So its a great question and that is politics by another means, an act of war. If theres no more questions, we will go to one more here. And im not a mother that we dont know if its the same or a different anonymous, a question. If the only problem here is that your company has a chinese name, cisco has been known to help china build its firewalls. And have you thought about changing her name to Something Else . To the first part of the question, i think that the balance of the challenge that we have faced because we have a heritage in china, it is stunning to me at times to explain to someone that its a 35 billiondollar company and trusted globally and up to 35 billion, one third of all the huawei gear comes from american suppliers, at like 7 billion worth of procurement last year and is stunning to many. But people cannot grasp that. So yes, a great deal of this is a fundamental misunderstanding of what it means to be an International Company with this heritage. If you read the Senate Report and so forth. It has links to the Chinese Military and where the founders of the company have talked. Thats hogwash. And you know, i thought that that might come up, and i thought about bringing in something about this tall, a 20 page report, with every bit of information, but i didnt want us to be distracted. And no, it is a fundamental part of the asia society and that is part of what we are here to do, to increase understanding of an area across different cultures and theres a fundamental misunderstanding of what it means to be a multinational with a heritage in china. And let me ask you the reverse question. Was there any similar concerns in time that you are aware of that they were buying into the system to which you were a part of . I mean, i cannot speak for the concerns on that side, but you also have to keep in mind that the terminal, whether it is a pc or tablet or phone or what have you, it has not attracted the same attention as the access to the network in the corner. Okay. And if you think about the name, say toyota, my grandmother used to buy Japanese Cars and imagine some of your parents today, i think we view toyota is a trusted brand with multiple individuals across the United States, and part of our closest allies are in japan. What is fascinating about that analogy is we did have to look at forcing the japanese to comply with rules and other things. Yes, we even rented a toyota, and we got a lawyer to break down the whole car, we assembled it and we didnt have to buy it but the point began to get into compliance and play by the global rules and now they are a trusted partner with it. Certainly what the cia was doing with the federal trade commission with this. Was part of the Economic Research with the cia. It was very sophisticated. Will be interesting if you could see the cia parking lot. [laughter] okay, very good. [inaudible conversations] hello, i run a company specializing in negotiation and i would like to talk about the ip backside and recently we have engaged in a chinese entity regarding access of American Technology and the American Company got no satisfaction in the Chinese Court system and the Chinese Company i. T. Export the same technology where they did run into legal trouble than it was the fbi that was being sued but its a multimillion dollar lawsuit against the chinese. Does that offer any sort of optimism or glimmer of hope that there may be a market or a legal way of addressing cyberespionage who would like to take that . It is a subsidiary of this, which is essentially being bribed and the good oldfashioned way to deliver information to chinese companies. So its not a case of espionage, it is actually a very important human element. Because of that. Are you talking about american superconductors . That is a different case. That is a case that involves a wind turbine technology. So i think the fundamental point of your question as was said earlier, if we can Work Together to raise Global Standards and legal standards, the chinese have an equal interest in making sure that ultimately because they are going to have this intellectual property that needs to be protected and enforced, but that type of regime is critical in their groups like harvard and wharton that are working hard to promote the chinese leadership and how critical this type of a legal more minutes. And when a company like this becomes a global leader, with one of the Worlds Largest intellectual rights property holders, that helps you drive a broader and a more global respect for the protection of intellectual Property Rights. Okay, were down to our last two minutes. While the asia society does not endorse cyberwarfare, they said that if i do run over the time. , they would wipe my iphone clean before i leave the state. [laughter] s we will end with a question from austria. To assess, isnt the use of cyberwarfare dislike using special operations and a tool of the trade . Let me expand on the question. There was a time in the 1950s when Dwight Eisenhower publicly said that Nuclear Weapons were another problem and over time we have decided, or he decided, quietly. But it really wasnt just a tool of the trade, but because it was so uncontrollable he would not use it. So what happens when we asked that same question in all that was laid out at the beginning for us . With espionage, with attacks on infrastructure with a political tool. Can you imagine a situation where we all agree to take sides outside of our arsenal . Im not sure. We are engaged and i think that this is a better question for both the academic and others. Youre caught in the crossfire in a very good point. We are visiting unfairly in the crossfire. We cant imagine someone deliberately using this kind of tool. So what would really be worse in dealing with this case . The israelis did on their way to redecorate the syrian reactor in 2007. The outgoing secretary has made a suggestion to introduce this. A huge compilation and an outcry among the veterans. People that are just, you know, playing or tapping code, they should get a medal that is higher than the purple heart and chuck hagel is a veteran himself. So the point is that it is a means to talk about this, which they are doing and we have to respect the people who are experiencing mass. You get the last word because we are right up against the time. So it must be a brief last words so we have not unilaterally disarm the weapons to kind of begin this and it will mark a milestone in this range. So at the end of the day, in the same way that we came very close to a Nuclear Holocaust in 1963. Thank you for coming. [applause] it is in flagrant violation of International Law. Consequently, one of our most pressing security rules is to goals is to roll back the threat posed by north Koreas Nuclear and other wmd programs. To that end we are prepared for , negotiations. Provided that they are authentic get at the entirety , of north Koreas Nuclear program. It must result in concrete and irreversible steps forward the nuclearization. Pyongyangs attempt to engage in dialogue while keeping critical elements of its weapons programs running are not acceptable. They will not succeed. We will continue to join with international partners, especially china, to increase pressure on north korea to denuclearize. We will do what is necessary to defend ourselves and our allies. Against any threat from north korea and will maintain and expand if necessary, both national and multilateral sanctions against north korea. There will continue to be costs for future provocations. Pyongyang has a choice. On one hand lies greater isolation and crippling economic privatization. On the other hand, a true chance for peace, development and global integration. Another growing threat to Regional Peace and security and to u. S. Interests is the rise of maritime disputes in the East China Sea and the south china sea. We aim to help governments in the region to communicate better with one another so that incidents at sea do not unintentionally sparked wider conflicts. We encourage all parties to reject aggression and be in accordance with International Law and norms and establish these full peaceful democracies. A good first step would be progress on a code of conduct for the south china sea. How the nations and institutions of the asiapacific manage these disputes will be a harbinger of their ability to shape their shared security future. Indeed, many of asias most vexing security challenges are transnational security threats. Those that transcend borders like Climate Change, piracy, infectious diseases, transnational crimes, cyber theft, and the modernday slavery of human trafficking. No one nation can meet these challenges alone. That is in part why we are increasing our engagement with regional institutions like the association of Southeast Asian nations and the east asia summit. These groups allow nations to develop ideas, share best practices, address disputes constructively, and nurture responsibility. Asias regional institutions are essential to delivering more Effective Solutions than any one nation can muster on its own. These security goals constitute one key element of our asia pacific strategy, yet we have an equally essential economic agenda in the region. By the end of 2016, we aim to transform our economic relations with the region through dramatically increased u. S. Exports, implementation of the most ambitious American Free trade agreement in a decade, and closer cooperation with china, india, and other emerging economies in pursuit of sustained global growth. Our own Economic Future is inextricably linked to that of the asiapacific. A full quarter of the goods and services exported by the United States are bound for asia. A percentage of our imports come about 30 of our imports come from that region. More than one million americans serve we are committed to growing these numbers while making sure benefits are broadly shared. As a pacific nation the united , states is working to shape a more Dynamic Future for the entire region by promoting u. S. Businesses and forging new ties of commerce. Asia needs open and transparent economies and Regional Support for International Economic norms. If it is to remain a world im a worldwide engine of Economic Growth. Driving a Global Economic recovery that creates jobs in the u. S. And addressing the and addresses the kinds of trade and balance a second tbd to the economic meltdown in the first place will require hard work on both sides of the pacific and balance to the economic meltdown in the first place will require hard work on both sides of the pacific. For the countries in asia commenting shifting focus from overseas markets to strengthening of their domestic sources of demand. And for most economical in the region is concluding negotiations for that transpacific partnership. The 12 nations that are part of p negotiations represent more than 40 of global trade. The rules that we establish through this agreement accepts the standards for future trade agreements. This will help level the Playing Field for everyone. It will promote workers rights and environmental protections and build a stronger safeguards for intellectual property, improving Economic Conditions for everyone and not just the few. We welcome any nation that is willing to live up to the High Standards of this agreement to join and share the benefits of includes china. The tpp can be the core of a far broader agreement expanding to countries across the asia pacific. To help realize that vision, we are working to negotiate a series of agreements that will put these countries in a better position to join High Standard agreements. It represents a 2. 5 billion economic block that contains some of the Fastest Growing countries in asia, as well as some of its poorest. Helping these dynamic economies improve their policies on key issues like investment principles will benefit them. It will also foster an even greater trade and Investment Climate and opportunities for the United States in southeast asia. By 2030, india is projected to have the largest population of any country in the world and the Third Largest economy. During the past decade, the u. S. And india have developed a valued global partnership. President obama aims to make the next decade even more transformative. From the look east policy to indias contribution to Maritime Security and its expanding involvement in regional organizations, together our nations launched a new clean energy partnership, mobilizing millions of dollars in private or Public Investment for solar, wind, and alternative projects in india. Our governments have joined the private sector earners in both the private sector partners in both countries to launch a 2 billion infrastructure debt fund. It is the first of hopefully many future funds meant to attract financing for indian infrastructure projects. We look forward to deepening our cooperations across the Broad Spectrum of our relationship. The United States also seeks to elevate our economic relationship with china in the years ahead. Last week, chinas leaders announced plans for sweeping reform that if realized could go a long way toward leveraging