Contracts in foreign countries, and they would have affects like places in this town in ohio, but what the town in ohio does and how they chart their Economic Future its something you have to do forever. You have to have a strategy. Whiffs governor, i suppose he spent more time on Economic Development than anything else. The mississippi debta was the second part of the time after the indian reservations. There was a county in southeast arkansas, with two towns about the same size. One of them had 12 unemployment rate. The other had a 4 unemployment rate. Same socioeconomic incentive because there were all these gogetters in the 4 town that just kept redefining the mission and kept finding new possibilities and kept trying to make those possibilities. Since you lost all those jobs. Became very worried in my second term that the empowerment zones and all that stuff was great. Harlem got an empowerment zone, and their unemployment was 24 when i took office an 8 . Detroit got an empowerment zone. Their unemployment rate, including the largest area was about 9. 5 when i took office. Barely over 6 when i left. You have to have a local strategy that somebody else comes to, so we pass this new market tax credit, and i would be shocked if more than 10 of you in this audience knew what it was. It basically says if you go to a place and there are unemployment rates above the National Average and the income is below the National Average, you can get a 39 credit on your investment. Particularly the places that have been hit with factory closings. I cant answer your friends question without knowing more. I can give you really good ideas if i had two hours to sit and lisp to what the place looked like. I used to do that for living. Thats what governors do. Well, mr. President , we want to thank you for joining us today. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you all. Before we go, i have one quick announcemen mrs. Clinton leave the building. Please, everyone, remain seated while our guests leave the building. Thank you again on behalf of everyone here at georgetown. Thank you. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2014] senator john hogan once the senate to vote on legislation requiring approval of the Keystone Xl Oil pipeline from canada. The north Dakota Republican is our guest this week on newsmakers. The interview at 6 p. M. Eastern, here on cspan. They went off and became these incredible successes. Not only were they the first women stockholders in the world to owner brokerage firm, not to be repeated for 100 years, they had a radical newspaper. They became lecturers. They were celebrities. They have headlines with just their names. Like madonna or whatever. They were really very famous based on their beginnings with vanderbilt. Just kept threatening them with blackmail. We are going to expose you. And then the mother started this ridiculous court trial in which victoria then husband wanted to put her wanted to kill her. Went wild and wrote about this very trashy family. The sisters had been trying very hard for two years to hide all of that. Were inventing and reinventing themselves. They were not at all the least bit educated, but they said that if it helped they had moved on. They were willing to wreck their whole life just to get home to tell fortunes. There were some really rotten characters in the family, which i address. Barbara mcpherson argues that too little remembered torry and sisters change the course of womens rights in american history, tonight at 8 00 on una. Q and a. General carlyle speaks tomorrow at the center for strategic and International Studies about u. S. Military strategy in the asiapacific region. You can see his remarks, live, on cspan, at 11 15 a. M. Eastern. In the afternoon, a discussion on the russian intervention in ukraine, u. S. Response, and role of nato, live from the center for strategic and International Studies. You can see that at one 30 eastern monday afternoon here on cspan. You can now take cspan with you wherever you go, with our free cspan radio app for your smartphone or tablet. Listen to all three cspan tv channels, or cspan radio, anytime. There is a schedule for each of our networks, so you can tune in whenever you want. Play podcasts from our recent signature programs. Take cspan with you wherever you go. Download your free app online or your iphone, android, or black area. Defense secretary chuck hagel on friday said that european allies should contribute more to nato and rely yes rely less on u. S. Military spending. His remarks are about 40 minutes. Hilary997 my daughter, i have a hillary and my family a senior, she picked nato as hers senior thesis project. She called her mother in congress to get my assessment. I really had to think about it. Agreedsessment had been upon. There was real enthusiasm. Certainly in the United States congress. 19, a veryvoted 89 unusual vote these days, to ratify the addition of three countries to nato. Been addeds have now through six rounds of enlargement since the end of the cold war. But there were also skeptics. Tom friedman, the writer, who is also a former wilson scholar thomas wrote an oped last month in which he quoted his 1998 interview with the then 94yearold george kennan. I think the russians will gradually react quite adversely and it will affect their policies. We have signed up to protect a whole series of countries, even though we have neither the resources nor the intention to do so in any serious way. So, moved to 2014. And the urgent challenge to deescalate conflict and avoid miscalculation over events in ukraine and russia. Nato expansion is again being scrutinized. Topic, into the fold or out in the cold, could not be more timely or fit better with what the Wilson Center does well. By canyon institute, headed matt ridge and ski, sitting right here in the corner, was founded by the kenyan family, scholar over 1400 alumni, 100 of which are currently on the ground in ukraine. Our global europe program, headed by christian auster lynn, has hundreds of scholar alumni bordering the conflict zone. We have assembled a program today, including former officials from russia and poland , in key roles in 1994, along with Wolfgang Kissinger from the foreign office, the Deputy Assistant secretary of nato, and Wilson Center global fellow, cheryl cross. Margaret warner, right over there, will moderate. Here to keynote and kick off our conversation is secretary of defense, chuck hagel, who was elected to the senate in 1990 seven and voted for nato expansion. I checked. [laughter] remarks, he will take a few questions from the audience. Secretary hagel, a close friend, is the first enlisted combat veteran to lead the department of defense. We all know the serving in government at the highest levels is a combat sport. Was the afghanle drawdown, the pivot to asia, realignment of resources, and very tough budget constraints. Issue is yetraine another urgent file and natos capacity and future role are on the line. Myself, of the defense policy board, i grappled on this issue with my colleagues earlier this week. Than mine are struggling to figure out what the best answers are. Fortunately, my daughter is not writing her thesis now, or mom would have very little advice to give her. Just returned a few minutes ago from a breakfast with german chancellor merkel, in town to meet with president obama, secretary hagel, and others. It is a good thing that she is here and no doubt the conversation will center on these topics. Tough issues, tough guy. Ready for the challenge, educated at the university of nebraska on the g. I. Bill, a nebraska football record last four, lessnine distinguished than the prior years, with a few touchdowns for u. S. Policy right now, that would be a good thing. So, to bring a smile to your face as we welcome you here and look forward to what you have to for thee is a scarf cornhuskers. Go big red. [laughter] please welcome chuck hagel, the 24th secretary of defense. [applause] should i put that on for the presentation . [laughter] jane, thank you. Im always overwhelmed in your company, but now youve outdone yourself with a special nebraska cornhusker scarf. And by the way, the cornhuskers will have a better season this year. Thank you. Thank you, jane. And thanks to the Wilson Center for what you continue to do for our country and for world affairs. You bring thoughtful analysis and leadership to these tough issues. The world is complicated, as we all know. Its not getting any less complicated, nor is it getting any less dangerous. So your continued contributions and leadership, as well as this institution, are very valuable and important parts to all of our efforts global efforts to find peaceful, wise resolutions to these difficult problems. To my friends here who were on the panel, always good to see you. Thanks for your continued contributions, as well. And thinking and and for those here who have been in this business of analysis and thinking and writing for many, many years, thank you, and now is no time to stop. Were going to need everybody more than maybe ever in our lifetimes. Expand and challenges expand. Technology unprecedented change all over the world. But it is our time and we must not fail the world. As jane noted i have known jane many years. We worked together in congress, traveled together. Always admiring her judgment and ability and sharp analysis of issues and in particular i have already said bayard and respected them and particularly appreciated her directness. Those of you who know jane well and most of you do know that she is very clear in what she believes and says it very plainly and that isnt altogether bad. Id think if there was ever a time for plain talk in the world today respectful, respectful of each other and sovereignty in our interests in the world but we have to be clear with each other. Jane has done that and i think we all appreciate that inner leaders said jane thank you and thank you for giving me an opportunity to talk about this issue. I know what your theme is this morning. Its particularly timely as well as valuable so thank you. The challenges facing nato today and calls for a need for this historic alliance. What we must do to strengthen it. 65 years ago after a long debate about americas role in the force postwar world at that at the house to witness president truman formally accepting and ratifying the north atlantic treaty. Doing so present truman with prominent voices has been noted here this morning including those prestigious voices. Those voices called for america and in kenyans words to relieve ourselves gradually of the basic responsibility for the security of western europe. Instead general eisenhower arrived in paris in 1851 as the supreme allied commander fear. By 195311 u. S. Air force ranks and five Army Divisions and 50 Navy Warships had followed. Militaries of nato nations began working together. It began working to integrate north american in the european strategy. America did not make commitments in search of monsters to destroy instead president truman joined the north atlantic treaty because he said he was convinced that nato would serve as a shield against aggression and the fear of aggression and thereby let us get on with the real business of government and society. Truman joined the north atlantic treaty because he was as he put it a simple document that if it had existed in 1914 and in 1939 would have prevented two world wars. America was committed to nato because nato would help protect vital american interests by reinforcing the unity of transatlantic security. Nato would ultimately protect security and prosperity here at home with this alliance. A truth that i believe endures to this day. On the centennial of the start of world war i in the weeks before the 70s anniversary of allied landings at normandy russias recent action in ukraine has reminded nato of its founding purpose. This prevented a clarifying moment for the Transatlantic Alliance. Nato members must demonstrate that they are as committed to this alliance as its founding members were who built it 65 years ago. They must reaffirm the security guarantees at the heart of the alliance. They must reinvigorate the inartful joint planning exercises and capabilities that are its lifeblood. And they must reaffirm from the mediterranean to the baltics allies are a commitment to the security of every ally is resolute. The longest most complex operations in its history and one that is strengthen the capability and the cohesion of the alliance. It also comes as we prepare for a nato summit this fall in wales which will be an opportunity to reexamine our nato militaries trained equipped and structured to meet new and enduring security challenges. After more than a decade focused on counterinsurgency and Stability Operations for nato must balance within renewed emphasis on Territorial Defense with its unique expeditionary capabilities because as we have seen threats to the alliance me to start neither start or stop at europes doorstep. Emerging threats and technologies mean fewer and fewer places are truly out of the area. Balancing a full range of missions will require nato to have a full range of forces from highend systems where deterrence to special operations in Rapid Response capabilities. Allied forces will must also be ready deployable incapable of ensuring our collective security. I said at the defense minister meeting early this year that we must focus not only on how much we spend but also on how we spend. Ensuring we invest in the right interoperable capabilities for all nato missions. This will require the United States to continue prioritizing capabilities that can operate across the spectrum against the most sophisticated adversaries and it will also require nato nations, nato nations to prioritize similar investments in their own militaries. Since the end of the cold war americas military spending has become increasingly disproportionate within the alliance. Today americas gdp is smaller than the combined gdp sabar 27 nato allies. But americas defense spending is three times our allies combined defense spending. Over time this lopsided ergen threatens natos integrity cohesion and capability and ultimately both european and transit linux security. Many of nato smaller members of alleged to increase their defense investments and earlier this week at the pentagon i thank estonia renewed commitment and nato. The alliance cannot afford for europes larger economies and most militarily capable allies not to do the same particularly has transatlantic economies grow stronger. We must see renewed financial commitments from all nato members. Rush is actions and ukraine have made natos guy you abundantly clear. I know from my frequent conversations with nato defense ministers that they do not need any convincing on this point. Talking amongst ourselves is no longer good enough. Having participated in the nato defense ministerial over the last year and a half and having met with all of my nato counterparts i have, way recognizing that the challenge is Building Support, the real challenge, the real challenge is Building Support for defense investment across there governance not just our defense ministries. Defense investment must be discussed in a broader context of member nations overall fiscal challenges and priorities. Today im there for calling for the inclusion of finance ministers are senior budget officials at a nato ministerial focus on defense investment. This would allow them to receive detailed briefings from Alliance Leaders and the challenges we all face. Leaders across her government must understand that the consequences of Current Trends reduce defense spending and help them make up the fiscal impasse. The United States must have strong committed and capable allies. This years quadrennial defense review makes this very clear. Going for the department of defense will not only seek but increasingly rely on closer collaboration with our allies and in ways that will influence you a Strategic Planning and future investment. For decades from the early days of the cold war American Defense secretaries have called on european allies to ramp up their defense investment and in recent years one of the biggest obstacles to Alliance Investment has been a sense that the end of the cold war ushered in the end to history, and into in security at least in europe. And aggression by nationstates. Russias actions in ukraine shattered that myth and ushered in embracing new realities. Even the united and deeply interconnected europe still lives in a dangerous world. While we must continue to build a more peaceful prosperous global order there is snow postmodern refuge for me into the threat of military force. We cannot take for granted even in europe the pieces underwritten by the deterrent of military power. In the shortterm the Transatlantic Alliance has responded to russian actions and continued resolve but over the long term we should expect russia to test our alliances purpose and stamina and commitment. Future generations will note whether at this moment at this moment of challenge we summon the will to invest in our alliance. We must not squander this opportunity over shrink from this challenge. We will be judged harshly by history. By future generations if we do. Nato should also find creative ways, creative ways to find nations around the world to help them adapt to collective security to rapidly evolving global strategic landscapes. Collective security is not only the anchor to the Transatlantic Alliance, its also a model for merging the security of stations around the from africa to the persian gulf. I say this having just contained a form of asean defense ministers last month having called for a corporation no defense minister of this year. These institutions bring all of our people all of our interest in all of our economies closer together. Serving as anchors for stability security