This may be a slight exaggeration, but once the Current School system, schools are run by women for rules. Again, an early statement. And a lot of boys feel that way. One of the saddest, ever read, a group of educators, researchers, why did you leave school, what did you drop out. There was one little boy who said, but no one wanted me there. A lot of boys feel that way. Its operating. Someone made it clear them. But there is so much going on in our school, even at the level of what is assigned, friendly and not so friendly toward boys. You can once this and other programs online at booktv. Org. Examining the political ideology of anarchism from its history and early proponents of the authors thoughts on its current usage and practicality. This hour and ten Minute Program begins now here on book tv. [applause] it is hardly a secret secret that the terms of political discourse are not exactly models of precision. For reasons that are pointed out. It has been not only said it, but varied use, but also quite extreme abuse sometimes a bitter enemy, sometimes unfortunately by pete who who pulled this mannerheim. So much so so much of the variation in abuse that it risks a simple characterization. In fact, humiliate the to address the question posed this evening, what is anarchism is to identify leading ideas that animate at least major currents of the rich and complex and often contradict her traditions of anarchist thought and anarchist action. I think this is the book purge can start with remarks by the perceptive important anarchist intellectual and to this, rudolf rocker. He saw anarchism not as a self enclosed osha says timothy six answer to all the multifarious question and problems of him in life, but rather is a definite trend in Historic Development of mankind, which drives for the free unhindered unfolding above the individual and social forces in life. From the 1930s. These cant are not really original. He derives from the unlike mens and the early romantic. And rather similar word one of the founders of classical liberalism among many other cheap describes the leading principle of his at the absolute essential importance of Human Development at its richest diversity. At the phrase on stuart mill took a epigraph to his own liberty. It follows to nat and institutions can stream section and development are illegitimate unless of course they can somehow justify themselves. You find a similar conception widely. So for example, adam smith, everyone has read the opening paragraphs of wealth of nations where he extols the wonders of the division of labor. But not many people have gotten further inside to read his bitter condemnation of the division of labor in his insistence that in any Civilized Society the government will have to intervene to prevent it because it will destroy personal integrity and essential human right will turn people into creatures as ignorant as a human can be. It is not too easy to find that passage. Whatever the reason may be, if you look at the scholarly center scholarly edition of the bicentennial edition, it not even listed in the index. But its one of the most important passages in the book. In these terms, anarchism is a tenant in Human Development this seeks to identify structures of hierarchy, domination, authority and others that constrain Human Development. And then it seeks to subject them to a reasonable challenge to justify yourself, demonstrate your legitimate and maybe in in some special circumstances or conceivably in principle. If you cant meet that challenge, which is the usual case, the structure should be dismantled and if anything brightly at, not just dismantled but reconstructed from below. The ideals that found expression during the enlightenment anorectic era foundered on the shoals of rising industrial capitalism, which is completely antithetical to them. Rocker argues quite possibly that they remain alive in the libertarian socialist traditions. These range pretty widely. They range from antibolshevik marxism that people like paul monica and others, including it in our case symbolism that reached at peak at achievement in the revolutionary. Spain in 1936 and is well to remember that despite its substantial achievements and successes, it was crashed by a combined force of fascism, communism amid western aid. They had differences, but they agreed this had to be crashed with the effort of free people to control the rail lines had to be crushed before they turn to their petty differences, which recalled its bitter civil war. The same tendencies reach further to worker controlled enterprises. Theyre springing up in large part in the old rust belt and united state and northern mexico. They reach their greatest development in the vast country and gain. Mondragon is partly a reflection of the achievements of the long complex perched tradition of anarchism and partly comes out of christian anarchists versus. There is also included in this general tend the are quite substantial and cooperative movements that exist in many parts of the world. And i think it also comes with a sacred part of feminist and human rights activism. Entire, all of this sounds a truism. Why should anyone defend illegitimate structures . No reason of course. That perception is correct. It really is truism. Anarchism ought to be called truism. Truisms have some merit. One of them is the merit of being true, unlike most political discourse. This particular truism belongs to an interesting category of principles. The principles are not only universal, but doubly universal. They are universal in that theyre almost universally accepted and universal in that they almost universally rejected and practice. There are many of these good for example, the general principle that we should apply to ourselves the same standards we do to others, if not harsher ones, a few at a checked. If you would practice or more specific policy proposals like democracy, promotion or the humanitarian intervention professed generally reject the contract is almost universally. This truism is the same. The truism i should challenge and coerced institutions of all kinds demand they justify them elves, dismantling reconstruction. If they do not come easy to say, but not easy to ask ask on in practice. While proceeding with the miller thought of what rocker again, anarchism seeks to free labor from economic text dictation into free society from ecclesiastical or political guardianship. I do and not, opening the way to an alliance of free groups of men and women, they found cooperative labor and a planned administration of being in the interest of the community. Rocker was an anarchist activist as well as political thinker. He goes on to call on the workers organizations, other popular organizations to create quoting not only the ideas, but also the facts of the features of within the current society. Thats an injunction that goes back to the command. One traditional anarchist slogan is no god, no master. A phrase that is the title of his valuable collection of anarchist classics. Its fair to understand the phrase no god and the terms i just quoted from rocker opposition to ecclesiastical guardianship. Individual beliefs are different matter. Its no matter of concern was for the development of thought in action. That leaves the door open to the lively and impressive tradition of religious anarchism, for example, during the days very impressed with catholic Workers Movement. The phrase no matter. Different. It refers not to individual beliefs, but to these social relation. A relation of subordination and dominant that anarchism, if taken me, seeks to dismantle and rebuild from below unless they can somehow be a harsh burden of establishing an legitimate view. Now it departed from to listen. In fact, too ample controversy. In particular, right at this point, the american brand of whats called libertarian and done departs very sharp way from the libertarian tradition accepts strongly advocate the support nation of working people to the masters of the economy and furthermore this objection of everyone to the restrict it, disciplined investor features of market. These are topics for pursuing. Take them up later if you like, but ill put aside here. Also recommending to you the question about her and together some way the energies of the young libertarians left and right as indeed sometimes done. For example, if done in a quite important more of the valuable, theoretical and practical work of economist and David Ellerman and the mothers. Anarchism of course it seems he opposed to the state bought the same time advocating planned administration of the in the interest of the community. Beyond not, Broader Federation of selfgoverning communities that are places. Well, in the real world is today, the same dedicated anarchists are opposed to the state often supports the powder to protect people and society in the years of self from the ravages of pot and traded private capital. It takes a venerable anarchist journal like freedom that goes back to 1886 socialist anarchism by supporters after pocketing. If you open pages, youll find much of it is devoted to defending rights of people, the environment, society, often by invoking state power like regulation of the environment perceived d. And Health Regulation in the work place. There is no contradiction here is intense. People live in a fair and door in this world and not the world that we imagine and all the means available should be used to safeguard and benefit them, even if the longterm goal is to displace these devices and construct preferable alternatives. In discussing this, ive sometimes used an image that comes from the Workers Movement discussed an interesting work by maybury lewis. They speak of the images that widening the floors of the cage. The cage is existing coercive dictation that can be widened by committee popular struggle to have an effect only over many years and you can extend the image beyond. Think of the cage of coercive state institutions as a kind of protection from savage beast roaming outside, namely the predatory comes a supported capitalist institutions dedicated to the principle of private gain, power, domination that the interest of the community at most a footnote may be revered and rhetoric. But in part to an even angloamerican law. Its also worth remembering anarchists condemned really existing state, not vision of unrealized democratic dream such as government of, by and for the people. They bitterly oppose the rule of what the koonin hunt called the bureaucracy, which she predict good 50 years in advance and be a the most savage human creations. They also oppose parliamentary systems that are instruments of class rule. The contemporary United States, for example, which is not a the. Its a plutocracy and easy to demonstrate the majority of the population has no influence over policy. And even though the income while the scale, you get more and more influence. People get what they want established by academic political science, but familiar to everyone who looks at the way the world works. A truly democratic system would be quite different. It would have the carrot or of putting an online different groups of men and women is found cooperative labor in a planned at venice ration of things in the interest of the community. In fact, that is not too remote from one version of the main stream democratic ideal. One version stress that. Ill return to others. Take for example the leading americans social philosopher of the 20th century, john dewey. His Major Concerns for democracy and education. Pay attention to his ideas and his conception of the, illegitimate structures of coercion must be dismantled and that includes domination by business for private profit through private control thinking, land, industry, reinforced by command of the price, press agents, other means of publicity and propaganda. He recognized from his ilk quoting that power today resides in control of the means of production, exchange, publicity, transportation and communication. Whoever owns them, was the life of the country, even if democratic forms remain. Until these institutions are in the hands of the public, politics will remain the shadow cast by big business on society, very much what we see around us in fact. But it is important to do we went beyond calling for some form of public control that could take many forms. He went beyond a free and democratic society. He wrote that workers should be the masters of their own in estoril fee, not too was rented by employers. Not directed by state authorities. That goes right back to the leading ideas of classical liberalism articulated by smith, others and turning to education, to be held that it is illiberal and immoral to train children to work not freely and intelligently, but for the sake of the work earned to achieve test scores, for example in which case her dvd is not free because its not freely participated in and quickly forgotten as all of us know from iraqs area. So he proceeded to conclude that industry must be changed from a few jealous chick to a democratic social order and educational they should be designed to encourage creativity, expiration, independent, cooperative work, exactly the opposite of what is happening today. Well, these ideas lead to a vision of society based on workers control of project and institutions, the link to Community Control within the framework of freezes each in federal or can nation and the general style of thought that include, of course along with many anarchist others, too. Gd calls, socialism england. The antibolshevik marxism. The Current Development that just for example, the participatory economics and politics of michael albert, stephen sholem and others along with important work in theory and is by the late seymour mehlman, his assist the and many others in notably pair of it is a very valuable contribution worker owned enterprise and cooperatives. Not just talk, the actual taking place. Going back to duty, and he was as american as apple pie to fire the old cliche, right in the mainstream american has korean culture. In fact, all of these ideas and developments are deeply rooted in the american tradition in american history, a fact which is kind of surprised, but is very obvious when you look into it. When you pursue these questions coming you enter into an important terrain of inspiring, often hitters struggle. Ever since the time of the industrial revolution, which was around here in the midnight century. The first serious scholarly work study of the Industrial Work in those years 90 years ago, still very much worth reading reviews the hideous working conditions imposed on formerly independent craftsman and immigrants and farmers as well as the socalled factory gross, young women dropped from the farms to work in the textile mills around boston. He mentions that in reviews that, focuses attention on the manaus which he calls the degradation suffered by the Industrial Worker, the loss of status and independent, which could not be kids old, even where there is occasionally a material improvement and he focuses on the radical cap is social revolution in which sovereignty and Economic Affairs from the community as a whole into the keeping of a special class of masters often remote from production. A group alien to the producers and where she is pretty convincingly that for every protest against Machine Industry impregnation, there can be found 100 protest against the new power of capitalist production and its discipline. In other words, workers were struggling in striking not just for brad, but for roses in the traditionalist token of the workers communities and organizations. They were struggling for dignity and independence and for their rights as free men and women. Her journals are interesting is a rich and lively labor press written by working people, artisans from bath 10. Factory gross sum of farms. In these journals, they condemned what they called the lasting influence of monarchical prince goes on democratic soil, which will not be overcome until they who work in the mills will on them. Its a slogan of the massive night of labor and sovereignty will return to free and independent producers. Then they will no longer be menials for the humble subjects of the absentee owner, slaves and mr. A sense of the word who toil for their mass to. Rather they will regain it that is as free americans to defend. The capitalist revolution instituted a crucial change from price to wage. Its very important. When a producer so with this product for a price, he retained his person. But when he came to sell his labor, hes solid and else. Im quoting from the press. Thats a big difference. He lost his dignity as a person as he became a wage slave to use the common term at the. 160 years ago, a group is the workers repeated the common view that a daily wage was equivalent to use a very and they werent warned of the day might come when wage slaves full text far forget what is due to man had asked to the poor in assist enforced on them either necessity and in opposition to their feline ive independent and suffers back that they hoped would be fired if. These were very popular notions in the mid19 century. In fact, so popular theories logan of the republican party. You can embed in editorials of the new york times. They may come back, let out. Labor activists of the time mourned bitterly often of what they call denise. At the age for making walls, forgetting all by itself. As a new spirit of the h. 150 years ago. In sharp reaction to this meaning. , there were quite enormous and active rising with the working people and radical farmers. Radical farmers began in texas, spread through the midwest and much of the country. It was of course an agricultural country then. He was for the most significant democratic merits in american history. They were dedicated to solidarity, mutual aid. They were crushed by force. We have a very vital neighbor history compared to other countries. But it is a battle that is not over. Far from over. Setbacks from violent repression. Theyre all apologists are the radical revolution of wage slavery and they have an argument yet they argue the worker should indeed glory and a system of free contracts voluntarily undertaken. There was an answer to that 200 years ago by shelley in his great poem, masque of anarchy, written after the massacre in english, manchester and british calvary vertically attacked a peaceful gathering of tens of thousands of people here first major example of huge nonviolent protest and the reaction of the state authorities to what they were calling for parliamentary reform. So shelley wrote that we know what slavery is. Just two or can