Next on booktv, tv jurek or m. Night shyamalan gives scholarships to inner cities events. To find out what could be learned from 90 ident highfived tea factors that they all share. This is about an hour. [applause] this is done. Im a fan. I dont see any dead people here tonight. Old joke. I see one of the memorable lines, i see dead people, which is really fun. I want to start up a something from your writing. When people want to read this book, they want to read something you wrote. A personal book came out of you. It wasnt assigned to you. You pick a topic you depict the passion, education. When you were in high school, its really tough neighborhood in north philly. We grew up in a very tough rundown neighborhood, the whole place. You are talking to the africanamerican kid when required the highest paid writer in the world. Hes that i am more meat than they are then. Explain that about your success, as a writer that you are yourself what most people are. You delve deeper into what that is and how thats akita education as a passion. You know, the thing hes talking about his idea for a teach for america anywhere but taught in english class and work with these kids. They were kind of not really engaged. When i came in, some of them were excited and let them were not engaged. I was trying to be provocative. I just said something provocative. I said word for word on the highestpaid rider in the world. So i was like okay. All the teachers in the back stood up, too. I said why is that . How do you think that happened . Theyre raising their hands. They were like a lot . Thats possible. Luck is involved. She knows somebody . No, nobody in film. Do you work hard . Is that i do her part, but certainly people work harder than me. I said theres definitely people smarter than me. In the english class in high school that theres probably two or three that word. Ultimately i thought about it a lot. I came down to the feeling that i was commando, ultimately more meat than weber them. As of 3000 miles from hollywood. I ordered a screenplay about me feeling me. It would be a fictional circumstance but my feeling about spirituality, be the husband or father or this or that. All of it. The arrogance, the flaws, all of it put together. I was telling the girl in the front because she was staring at me, kind of ostracizing the group. If you write about your experience while youre leaning on your hand like that, what happened before you got here . By the guy behind you is doing that. Why cant your principles for some the speaker. Would that make you feel . You saw an amazing night. When you are yourself, it becomes like a light. I think that kind of comes from i guess something that came from my parents. I dont know, the culture is exposed to, that theres something worthy. Thats the thing you want the kids to have. In fact, thats exact to the opposite message they are getting. Ultimately, the book became a very evident they spoke. I try to keep my opinion out of it entirely. My opinion is for talking about a civil rights issue. I opinion is outside the school of their getting a message, the opposite of the one i just said about their worth in this country believes in them about closing the achievement gap with innercity lowincome, africanamerican and closing that gap at the white suburban counterpart. So telling them the opposite message schoolday iran to overcome the message theyre getting outside the house. Separate but equal is illegal. How do these kids, and say scrape and say north philly, how do they get message thats wrong . When they went into the classroom, and theyve got to go to school. Their parents get them ready to go to school. Hopefully they have breakfast. They go to school. What are the signals they get to say your inferior figure not going to get anything out of this . Whats the thing youre trying to fight to make education work . Whats the bad education that getting . I think youre seeing the opposite of what i am saying. They are getting none outside the school. So when they walk in the school, the teachers trained close the gap are dealing with such a hard problem. At the beginning of the book, i read a disclaimer. I say this is making the assumption that no one is going to fix anything outside the school. I was going to do anything about poverty, racism, anything. Can you close the gap and put all the burden on the teachers and principals . And they are not getting that message. The school is like you have two kids, and innercity africanamerican kids and a white suburban kid in second grade. They can be at the same level when they graduate. When i come back in september, the white suburban kids and one month of learning from experience is had stimuli hes had in the innercity africanamerican kid has lost three months of learning. They are now four months apart in september. The teachers have different urgency at its not that theyre getting about education. Its the cheapest teachers are facing a very different than the white suburban teachers are facing. That kid decided that the teacher is going to teach them. This kid has to go back into the second great stuff all over again while trying to get her thirdgrade self. You can see how its a very different challenge. What we talk about is outside the school. I did not find in the research into the series that the problem was what you were insinuating they are, but they were getting the wrong message in the school. Its what happens when they leave the school until the next morning when i come home. Two things you talk about. One is the bad teacher, the roadblock teacher. What is that . What we talk about there is any look at how powerful the number one and is the teacher. A great teacher, the one in the top 20 percentile, if you get for Great Teachers in a row, that teacher alone can close that gap. Those teachers along. It is possible for everyone in the country to be top of the top 20 . Thats all you have to do. Thats how powerful they are. The very, very bottom group on the bottom 2 , 3 , which in the book are causing so much pull, so much damage, so much loss that the three or four good teachers cant overcome one child getting one of the teachers. How does that work . Lets say the 60th percentile, the one above the average. They are gaining a little bit. Four in a row if by chance you got four in a row for 60 percentile. The damage done is like your losing a great. You lose an entire grade without one teacher. Thats what im referring to. I want to clarify one name because when you look at all the data and the things the book status, these are the things you find will close the gap. By rutgers at this aim. Fire the teachers. Thats not what the research thats when i look at it impartially. If he said he can only do one thing, thats not the thing i would do. Thats not what the Research Says you should do. That is not everybodys attention is always on that. Thats not what the Research Says is that hangs pulling everything down. He brought it up. One of the key is her blog entries. Yeah, thats the one. It is one of the five. So i was not. No, youre not. I want to balance it. I think your argumentative, but thats okay. [laughter] it seems to me that the city is going to reward Political Year the last couple years. We had a mayor most people was the most connect the guy in the world. He was a bit aloof, but he was honest, which is good. He was respected, which is good. He had a school superintendent, michel reif, who is judged to be very tough, demanding, almost like a tiger mom, who basically had an attitude about getting rid of bad teachers. Along comes randy white garden of the American Federation of teachers. Perhaps a million bucks and not this person now. A lot of people thought this is a good thing for the city. Your view. While. Okay, so i may go back a bit. So we met michelle when she was chance other. A lovely lady in this very forthcoming with all of her beliefs and all that stuff. You know, youre going to think im dancing around your question and maybe i am. A lot of the groundbreaking work that has caused the research to happen over the the last 10 years has been by those vanguard tsa alumni that have broken the system and then at the wrong way. We can go on with the list. They have actually created that mentality of shattering the room and im going to start over and do it differently and see what works. Thats caused a stir at the moment we have here now, we do have the information from office depot. So that kind of rebellious, roque mentality has caused change and has caused all the evidence we have today. I dont want to weigh in on the politics of it all and did she go too far . Did she handle it in the politically right way to make change . As ive kind of in the First Response to you, the research doesnt say getting rid of those bottom teachers is the silver bullet. As part of you know the politics. For years, its a very hard to get a job in the private sector if youre africanamerican. So is government jobs for africanamericans. Teaching jobs are respected in the community. A woman has been teaching for 20 or 30 years, was respected in the community. This is a price position. In comes this person a says are going get rid of the people. This is one place we had pretty good jobs. Then you put a price on her head. I know its a cartoon version, but this is what it was. A lot of fighting for the poor words, for example. The more elite award says scheuer. It was one of those class distinctions. How do you settle at . Again, thats the hope of this, want to make legislative decisions is making decisions that they are looking at whats been proven. Each one approved new things. Thats the nature of all of us try to do our own thing. But theres so much that has been proven and they have data behind them. When we met michelle, michelle is very excited about the book because she wanted to have that ammunition herself. Again, this is not the teachers unions and which side are you one. The research was very nonbiased. Michelle is very excited about us doing this. She is again one of those people that keeps trying to prove new things. Some of them dont work and so ive been doing all all that stuff. I met them by now that this is i guess in answering your question now. Theres enough proof and that we have the spine of what is a Healthy School system. You can still prove if you want the other stuff. Try aggressive stuff. If u. S. May questions, i can tell you proven not proven on every topic up to this point. That would change in five years. The people making this an all you want is the evidence. Tell me when you want me to shut up. Im a family of all doctors. Its an evidencebased feel. So they dont guess how to do it her surgery. They dont go i think im going to go thats crazy. Its crazy, right . I mean, its crazy. So this is how you teach these factors that come in. If for some reason this still doesnt share the information. Ive noticed someone in charge of one of the biggest cities in the country of all the public skills. They said theyre going to start their own Charter School to find out what works best. You have the best Charter School. They want take that information. Why is everybody starting there are getting to the same. Geoffrey canada read it, loved it. Mike feinberg, all day. Theyre all coming to the same conclusion. Theres a much overlap in the best practices category. You dont have to figure out how to do her surgery. Someone else did that already. You start with what i think with the presumption of many people here, which is Public Schools are not working. Public School Teachers are not helping. I didnt say that. I said that. Resumption Charter Schools are better than traditional Public Schools. If you take out kids like i try to do what was the last thing you said . Traditional schools, people think Charter Schools are better. Thats not me. Im setting up your chance to answer it and show the real truth. The perception is Charter Schools and traditional schools and opportunity scholarships, which i support in the city come which are basically vouchers. We have the kids in tough neighborhoods. They get a really good education. Were basically looking for opportunity for kids who want to work. Forget the hall. He seems to me, you dont think these sort of cliche ideas we can change schools by going from public chick charter. We can pick up the baskets kids and help them. You have a democratic argument in your book, which is the bottom quintile has to be helped. The gap is frightening. Its not we take the top one or two and boost them along and make them success stories. The gap is the frightening thing is there will be this gap woman must not hope the elite. Weve got to get to the kids at the biggest challenge is coming from poverty families. Poverty is really an explanation for most performance. So crash through. I think they are open liberal and a good sense. They dont have fixed positions. Tommy why would i laid out is the problem. Randi weingarten and politics which defends teachers rather than students in doesnt really understand youve got to hope and say i am for the of the kids. You say africanamerican. Theyre poised, confident, smartly dressed for work at the going someplace. I say you go to Catholic School . They say yes. I dont want to go to Catholic School. Ive been there. Kids from undisciplined backgrounds. Heres my prejudices. I might not. People who have disorganization at homemade organization at school to more than im willing to put up with myself. Tommy lambro. Okay, where do we start. [laughter] i may be wrong. Theres so many things i want to say to what you said. First of all, we started this thing. We went at it because i went to sit down with everybody. Everybody around the country, on all levels say what works, what works . Everyone had a different set of things and everyone was giving opinions. Thats great. I want to know what the facts are. What was interesting is no one really had the whole handle on the whole list. Yet these are the top people in the field. That was fascinating. Why is the assumption that it hasnt been proven yet. The first thing we did was we decided to take all of our funds, Research Efforts in getting turns and researchers to gather all the information. Lets put it on the table. Lets get out the research while the subjects. Custom size, small schools. Performance pay. Everything you can think of talked about. Try to categorize. Hundreds and hundreds of articles and trials and things like that. We got it all together, to years and its a mess. They piled it does no form. You have one thing here that says it does work here this one doesnt work. What are we looking at . Im feeling like theyre feeling. Ill just make my opinions. Ill go intuitively to this and got it. I know what works for my kids, so im going to implement that. Thats not where you want to be. Step back and go we were at a moment when that wouldve been the impasse. In the book i talk about this moment, the house moment where he figures out how to solve. We were at dinner with our friends who are brilliant doctors. One of them teaches the residence. What he says when they first come in with hot shots over the country. We were talking about education, by the way. For talking about how he teaches and works. He says i need you guys to know something. If they do these five things, sleep eight hours a day, exercise three times a week, have a balanced diet, dont smoke and be cognizant of your mental health. The stress level of your mental health, if youre cognizant of those things can reduce i think scott your chances of getting all diseases drops to such an incredible level it beats every pill, every treatment ever created. Rather than saying we dont believe it, heres the data. And then he goes, but this is the thing you got to remember. If you dont do one of them, the chances go back to the norm. Thats where it went click. I went back out, thats overlooking four. We are looking for a set of things because its a system that wants to be healthy. Every School District in the United States is working the same way. You go to philly, detroit, washington. Working as a system. How does the system were . Then we went and spent the next year is looking at date it going are there that things you say wow, when this was done i got a positive result, it was done with this. Is there a set of thing that emerges . When you look under the health paradigm, which is probably not a whole. That, a system. Im coming you saw it. They started to emerge. This pilot that pile. That works. Small schools works when you do this. If you did one of them, youre going to get it a lot of people dying on the treadmills have heart attacks. Exercise sacks. Youre going to get that. Or i dont smoke. That means unhealthy. No, thats silly. Those kind of equivalence. So we found all of these it came to the surface is what we do this together, the Research Says they should close the gap. We went around the country about the schools that are close the gap. Other schools around the country. Every single one of them were doing deeds. A flaky check the back answer book. Did i get it right . The research was dead on. What you find out is the geoffrey canada, whoever were talking about figures it out themselves because theyre unbelievable. They just burn through it and figured out cells. To me to do this, need to do that. Were talking about the five things we talk about when you reach the research report. It allows volvo system to work. The teachers that are the kind of towards the bottom will still be able to succeed if all of these things are in place. Thats what its there for. Not just the top 20 60. Everybody succeeds. That is why when he is optimistic, that was what was so exciting. I was assuming there was cement there. Thats the first thing. But there is an answer they are and there was. One of the five that impressed me is leadership. Not just in the classroom, but in the school. Talk about how the principal walking down the hall were stopping on somehow makes the school as one of your five keys. Research supports that. The schools closing the gap come a principal is spending about the percent of their time teaching teachers. Theyre not doing management staff. Theyre not fundraising. Management has been pushed to another grant that other people are taking. This sounds natural and intuitive. Every basketball players, i would want a coach in the bathroom trying to get people in their seats. He needs to teach us. He needs to coach us. Theyre going in and out of the classrooms. Always evaluate, always observed. Youve got to keep your voice up over here when you do this. You got kind of convoluted. You might want to look at yourself. You didnt seem