Karina korostelina alexei cases around the world were minor insults between at the groups and nations have escalated to violence and clinical conflict. This hour and 20 Minute Program is next on booktv. Good afternoon, everyone. I am deputy or here at the kennedy institute. I would like to welcome two are second to last event before the holidays. Just a quick reminder that this coming friday at 9 00 we will have they deputy chairman of the department of georgia here and he will be talking about torches foreignpolicy priorities and that will be the last event before the holiday break. Well, it is our great pleasure today to have dr. Karina korostelina here. Its our great leisure to have Karina Korostelina here. She is an associate professor at the school for conflict analysis and resolution at George Mason University. She is a leading expert on identitybased conflicts, peace culture, conflict resolution and peacebuilding. She has received numerous fellowships and is the author or editor of 13 books including most recently the author of history, education and the formation of social identity towards a culture of peace, which came out in 2013. Today we have the provocative topic of political and holds political insults how offenses escalate conflict. I will turn the floor over. Thank you very much. Its always a big pleasure to be here at Woodrow Wilson and also thank you for this wonderful welcome. I know you have holidays thank you for coming and for this top. It was probably the moores fun for me to write so far. Why political insults . I have to say a big thank you did the deed of my school because there is no insult and i was thinking sure. I did and i found the news of the salt and the good moves something which we see every day, even today on tv with an announcement of junior changes from both sides in tv and the idea was how we can analyze and solve a process. So then i started thinking about insults. I did not analyze one specific word which people use. I see socially construct good which you have several sometimes long histories and whats most important is that aimed to strip people of positive social identity is how people change for power. The most important idea which i brought into this book on the thesis i will show you today is actually indicative. People do it and solve. What i found what i continue to do now is people insults because they have a particular need sometimes situations to become active of the need. So if you learn what kind of an lc four years, so while i will start thinking about it i came up with six each of them builds a particular theory to give the six major types of identity insult as people try to raise their selfesteem by putting down other people and they have a need to not contribute for their positive image. So they put down other groups are insults. The egyptian insults usually when people blame for something they know they committed some wrong action and they tried to justify it or explain it. I am not a liar but i lied because they force me to do it. Some other people try to push them away. They tried to protect the social boundary. When people feel what were called in the social science is as they believe possibilities and so on so they tried to deny to other people and they try to divine situations, so how are insults connected with ats that people try to redefine balance. Usually you speak about power and people try to deny power to other people have no power. Finally, legitimacy when people try to delegitimize size other groups. Also what we need to know insult is very dynamic. Insult can tell other members of the group and involve them in explain that there was insulting behavior to them. Also, sometimes the leader of the groups when you see what is happening and explain to other people wife insulting. People believe the behavior is insulting, even before they ever thought about it. Also in they could be generalized they become more stronger and the solvency to deal with it again and again. Some can be delayed. But then since they learn about it, two years ago he insulted me. They can be diffused, but it can also be react debated. Something happens very similar. Three cases. In russia and ukraine and also release so what i did it was hard because i used all of these cases. What i did say i used speeches of people. Almost everything i now got from the internet and the foreign of defenses publishing their information. So i was using special measures which is helping me create. Okay, the case started, which you will see if the riot in russia. Just giving you some nights he has this state was important to define National Identity and to support power. They created a Major Foundation of natural identity in russia. So with respect to the state and naturally the different opinion asperity done in several years. In 2012 it takes time for the book to be published. It is difficult because 70 of people believe that russia is the orthodox and assistant machine. 80 of people that being orthodox because in reality only 50 of russian people by 30 . Very few people even know some prayers, that they believe they are orthodox and is an important part of it. But going on in russia is that more and more become close to the government. 1997, federal laws all of the religion are equal, but at the same time this law tells us that orthodoxy a come of russian and contributed to more any allegiance and more than anyone else. So what we have now with see how with the. It is with all legislation in russia. But he has protection. It all is the diplomatic nation in the international government. But i give you a clear one here. Political his son and nigerian support either sectarian state. And all of the time present to state views on religions that must have each citizen. But in the same time, only 30 of people and they believe hes truthful. Theres a lot of scandals and i will play some of them. He is a presentation the opposition to create legitimacy and opposition. So the opposition by telling its evil. If youre against government, you are evil. And not his speeches, he promotes the idea that opposition is not politically correct who tried to fire for Political Freedom and somebody who represents evil and being evil in society. One of the scandals who has connected you probably see on the left nec the deflection of which entity. If they are expensive and where such expansive. It is better than removed from his camp, but didnt remove data collections, which you see in the second picture. Even more scandals because you are not even just sorry but you actually also understand. So finally you apologize for the person who decided to do it without the knowledge of the pitcher eric and the Russian Media that jesus christ is asking not then he looks in and is driving a car and you can see deflection of the results by that. Of people believe the outraged by the issue of connection. They believe russia is very corrupt. One of the oppositions created was the riot groups, which is to fight with the government promotion of very pitcher archibald ideas, but motion of gender inequality. So this is more very nation and the feminist events that promote states and public and the russian culture and positions which is important to ozzfest. Gender and lgbt riots and conformity is a musical and arsine information and the public discourse. Said the d. O. E. Has two major issues we have tried to address. One issue was connected with preference. They had several actions. And nobody actually took a chance. Very few newspapers they tell about. They decided to take something more so than if it can. On february 21, 2012 we decided a new form in moscow. Despite misunderstandings, the only ways they do that is only four or 40 or 30 seconds and push them away. The main idea was to show to bring law back to the countries that putin and lgbt are of the country and we as women need to support and made the virgin mary help us. That is the type of prayer. Immediately what happens is they try to show the government is not a legitimate government and is promoted by government and disconnected. And so on. But immediately they have a huge identity. Their offense to believers. And trying to say okay the population. For those who do not believe in god, it is the same sense as for world war ii. So they moved it from just a sense to develop the entire population and identity and hooligans who hate religion who hate feature to them so finally there were systems and also putin brought when he was interviewed something will happen in muslim culture or jewish culture, they would be killed immediately. We are so good to them but still we have to seek a consequence. It is what they tried to do. It was the open space for 24 hours all the time. All of them have children and the wall trial was complete denial of this legitimacy and salt and the other ones take a few some very important views. But the government completely denied this. Finally they had villages tardy to nothing about political positions. Nothing about their believe. So insults in this particular case when we see the boasts a the position someone riot in itself. Not the religious feeling but they sensitized from one group to another group. Be installed where pussy riot was presented and aimed against the feeling of russian people. They also developed this particular divergence in that type of situation. But also, this case helped russian government between National Feelings and religious feelings. Again everyone who insult religions insult opportunity so they are not only the religion state, but the stated nation. It is solved in the nation. I may also deny any political oppositions. They denied all of the religious, to minimize this. The next case starting his ukraine. This also happened in 2012. You understand ukraine right now because its very, very indicative in ukraine now. So what happens in 2011, as the president they supported the use of the replica used by soviet unions and war. The flood which was connected. And they interpreted actually the whole war came at the request from crimea to these two places in the ukraine. The request to Central Government given opportunities for the celebrations. And so the ikea that everything go building that should have a red flag replica that people should have red flags, so it requested the imagination to the nation of ukraine. Opposition immediately created. The immediate days took to ukrainian independence that the union and the whole i. T. At the independence of russia. The results are specific clinical supports. So the idea was if we ran control of russia. We are bringing controllers of the union and it is not only a symbol, but russia and ukraine. And so we ukrainians dont have the next actions. The religions as small as this particular immediately made decisions in the law for use of red flag. So that it represented to pressure inside the people on the soviet rule. Moreover they decided to rename the day of grief and they decided to invite his schools usually in ukraine to tell children about victory dais about glory and soviet army. They decided to invite representatives of ukrainian insurgent army, said they will tell what if they are. What we see here is the legitimacy which is going about the storage implementation. Again, it is extremely difficult of what we see right now. So they believe that people in western ukraine. So they are speaking about upa is a problem script which committed crimes against all jewish communities. They are connected to the nazi regime and would receive the red flag. While they agreed the only group we were fighting with nazi because both stalin came to western ukraine and the only group you were fighting in the dependence of ukrainian citizens. And they see the red flag and they believe that it is a utilitarian type hurts so what you see here is the history of two different women. In one history legitimization tube delegitimized in this very and solved in this different types of history. But what was really interesting was how the whole idea of nazi receives from both sides. But east and south was telling in many publications, many speeches they tell that is western religions with a red flag and we the people who are fighting for the freedom of ukraine. Just examples for you on the two sides Alexander Gould from the criminalist party hes told why western regions were created as a day of grief. This is because they are descendents of people. Last for them is grief. I understand them very well. The normal people are proud of visit jury. It was the best ideology. There is still a successful for ukrainian population but also an essential part of the country. For millions of ukrainians, the red flag and a symbol of occupation of genocide and national humiliation. It exhibits the same symbol that is such a strong sentiment so strong emotions from both sides, complete with the legitimacy of both sides. But it was not enough for both sides. Representative of Eastern Ukraine decided to bring vigilance through Eastern Ukraine to the middle east with the idea that they can support the relief and a bright red flags. They brought flowers on the monument for the soldier and so it was a big or fashionable vigilance from flowers and to join the profession with flowers. And one of the major ideas speaking about the people investing in ukraine who prohibits and want this particular event and told that they give themselves to the outlaws. From the other side the western religion saw it in northern my god ireland. In Northern Ireland. So it was covered with orange flags to show their power, to show their position the same way. Their own city that they can solve to give and tell other groups have issued the period that we are bringing you whatever you want and still bring our idea to you. So they stand against the factions which would not allow humiliation at the ukrainian people. So what happens if several young people came to this event. So the young people twostory flowers from russian count so so it was some violence there. And pretty soon a few months later, some group of young people represent some of their young opinions. In ukraine, they decided with the major idea to solved towards the army. So they tried internal fire. This is the picture. So they were put on trial but remember from russia this event for two years in a labor camp says okay dont do it anymore. And they apologized and put in the present time. But the statement that yes we want to show that we do not respect. We use the soviets and so on. So what we see here again, both sides use a lot of the virgins. Both sides put them as far as possible to enforce social wonder it and what we see in ukraine was a social boundary between religions. But we also see the legitimacy trying to legitimize their own position through history and other groups are history. Russia was really solved because the publication of the russian newspapers show you creating a nazi country. So the war started in russia immediately brought up the history of this event to see ukraine again taking complete control over a country. And of course we will tell you what to do and you will submit to us. Finally since we started its a case study of armenian soldier of armenian soldiers. So what happened at the Language School and the representatives from former soviet unions. Two people from other by sean. So one of the armenian officers, he couldnt ask, he sharpened and in the middle of the night around 2 00 a. M. , you came to the room of one armenians told shared and he had 1016 times. And he also tried another one but the door was closed. He tried to open the door but it was close so he did not give a socket one. So he smoked cigarettes imported cigarette and then police finally arrived, he was completely calm down. He was not nervous and his actions in the conflict and committed the armenian soldiers. She was told that he was fighting, but he never killed anyone and his major goal was to kill armenians. Now he told its really for me. And his family was refugee. Some of them were killed had some of them live and hes told everything that happened, this is revenge. Moreover, what we see in some interviews that mrs. I think he was a hero because he professes for the people. So part of the riot. So again not suffice himself, that they represent the killing as a result of insult from armenia. Armenian reaction in egypt was very strong. They represented this killing as an example of policy by many people. So official statements of the Foreign Affairs of armenia was told this was the logical consequence that has left refined by authorities over the years and military propaganda and the armenian ambassador to the United Nations and the sponsored propaganda and so on. So theres a lot of statements. But just to be of them. In a lot of statements, a lot of them from armenia, they told it was Azerbaijan Republic who killed the armenian soldier. So what happens next . So far put on trial. He didnt accept his plan so he was given full life in prison. Immediately after his conviction, the azerbaijani boat and in hungary and after seven years they made a deal. The idea was he could not visit him all the time in prison but its better to conserve them and they were given full assurance that he will be in prison on his life. But again again i could not find exact support, but a lot of discussions over some oil deal in hungary and azerbaijan. The government both governments completely denied it. So here he came by using the air force officials. Said he was met in the airport by the president. He was given full pardon. He was given the rank of major. So for seven years he spent in prison. He was named a hero and now hes going for a motivational speeches of lets kill every armenian. This is from speeches i give you here to statements of the Foreign Affairs and ministry of Foreign Affairs and government. So fire became a symbol. This is because the people of azerbaijan also. In society. So again, it was a projection in so far probus connected. He was connected as a symbol of azerbaijan are all of armenia. So when egypt they greeted the insult. Said they were speaking various protests and armenia from Different Countries in the United States had some armenians for march with the Hungarian Embassy and they were told please dont do it. But again by and into tea, everyone there. So that is a new group. So what we see here the armenian side used identity and golf all the time to create negative society. While we use salt to deny everything, which is done by armenian side that is an innocent pic done and cov