That is sustainable over time. I think those are all vague rings, im not a policy person. Im looking at how these things spread and what are the approaches we can take to empower communities to come up with their own solutions. Do we ask them, what you think we should do . And they said what i think we should have bed nights, no they dont, we they say we would like better water into this town or whatever it is. Thank you. Im from a part of this world where this has impacted me but nonetheless im talking about the care being and they have a huge problem because of the poverty and marginalization. Im happy that you talked about the fact that Public Health issue and sanitation issue basically are more important than medical issues for stopping a lot of stuff from happening. Two questions, the first, because we have not talked about that but i know both from europe and from the United States of america and other developed countries there are attempts to place people in the tropics in different places, africa for example, try to figure out potentially and how to potentially track those things. That is the first thing maybe you want to talk about. The next thing is it zika that is starting to spread and care being. Not my island but its only a matter time before it gets there also. But it is a complex coming out of brazil the whole issue of consequences for kids. People are saying that yes potentially for sought people with genetic profiles you can suffer consequences. It was also seen as a problem no one is talking about that a lot of these neighborhoods where this is happening especially with kids, the consequence for kids are neighborhoods with a lot of pesticides and stuff like that. Is it zika or is it zika plus these other things . Have you heard about that . I would like to hear from you. So that there has been lots of alternate theories about why we have had this rash of microcephaly in brazil. Some of them are easy to say no thats not happening, the pesticide theory to me there is a lot of evidence, its not the best pesticide. Its been used in other parts of the world but has not been a spike in microcephaly. Couldve it it been used differently in these places . Could somehow because of cultural reasons could those people have gotten a higher dose . Or Something Different happened . I do not know. I think it is a mistake to dismiss these alternative conspiracy theories. I think its just to dismiss them and i think that is what and sort of the conventional response especially from the Global Health establishment to say stop spreading these conspiracy theories, but there is a reason why these alternate theories come about. I think its important to look at that. They come about because of a lack of trust in our biomedical establishment. Where does that come from . If you trace that back and this is something i try to do in the book, look at why were Health Workers doing the treadmill and crisis west africa attacked and slaughtered . This happened during cholera epidemics too. There were burned down quarantine hospitals. If you walk it back, there are transgressions that have occurred between the biomedical establishment of local people. Mabel threw the best of intentions but it is still there. It needs to be addressed. That lack of lack of trust needs to be addressed. It is real. When we dismiss peoples alternate theories we are dismissing the altar line feeling that they do not trust and i think it makes it worse. And its the same thing with the anti vaccine argument where people say these people are so stupid and ignorant they do not get the vaccine of course it doesnt cause autism and of course we do, but where does that mistrust come from . People are frightened about industrial contaminants. About chemical contaminants and corporate secrecy. All of these things, corporate control control of medicine, these are all issues worth of dressing and why people feel they cannot trust these messages. We need that, we, we need to do that work now because when some big pandemic comes we really need to do trust our authority. We need to be on the same page, we, we are not there yet, we have a lot of pockets of miss trust and conspiracy theories that come up almost immediately. Within days of the zika virus there is the monsanto, all kinds of theories about why this is happening. Im studying Public Health at George Washington university and Environmental Health and policy. Im taking a a class called the social determinants of health and my question is how would we work toward creating policy that would be effective in investing addressing Environmental Issues and social issues as you mentioned earlier . Thats a huge issue. How do people experience disease and what does that mean about what kind of intervention is going to make sense in their lives. This is a huge issue in malaria which was the topic of my last book where we are hatching a lot to plans to help people in countries that did not necessarily match up with their own priority. Bed nets were a good example of that where we created insecticide treated bed nets it was a great idea because it was cheap, easy, no, no refrigeration, no hospitals, no roads, no anything. These people can be in a poor, deprived setting and we can give them this intervention and it will save them from malaria. Well, okay we did that. Spent a lot of money and sent the nets around and it was a good effort and a lot of resources were spent doing that. Then they were not used right away. 20 were being used, a very low percent. Then they they sent the anthropologist and see what was happening. People do not consider malaria consider disease in their lives, they consider it a normal part of their lives. The nets are hot and square, its the nicest material that theyve had in their huts of their sameness for their honored guest, all kinds of reasons that were not considered. It is because people on the ground who have the most malaria, they think of it in a different way than we think of it. Part of it is immunity. They have immunity to it, if you survive the gauntlets of the first two years of life and have your 12 episode of malaria and survive it you have immunity to it. Malaria comes and goes. It is the way you and i think of the flu. If we had a bunch a bunch of african scientists come over to the United States and say you people will lose 40,000,000,000 dollars a year from cold and flu all you need to do is where this mask when you go to school or work, its so simple. We dont need dont need anything fancy, well just give you all of these were free. Would we do it . We dont even wash her hands during flu season. I have sort of a question a contrast between this book in ted koppels book about doomsday vents like massive power outages. What are your personal actions that you have done to prepare for pandemics or what are you doing your daily life to avoid epidemic disease . I do things, keep up with my vaccinations, wash my hands, i tried to stay informed because each pathogen is different. I do. I do believe we live in a microbial world. Disease is part of our relationship with nature. This idea that we should live in some kind of germfree environment and never have this is really anomalous if you think about through the long history of humankind battle with microbes. We had the first antibiotic in the 19 forties, by 1980s we started having hiv and lyme disease, all of these new pathogens came out that we cannot really treat that well anymore. So that. Of time when we had this sense, and this is a. Of time when i grow up and im the daughter to dr. So so i grew up with that feeling that infection, who cares, ill take anabiotics it simple. I dont need to live with that, thats not going to be part of my life. Well, maybe that was wrong. I think were going to have to adjust to the new reality as anabiotic stop working one by one which is already happening. Thank you so much [applause]. Thank you all. Think it is on if you went mine folding up your own chair and you can get your book signed here. Books are for sale at the front. Thank you. Thank you. [applause]. Thursday night on book to be asked about education. Ed boland is the author of a battle of room 314, my europe hope and despair in a new york city high school. Then the National Association of scholars reports on the assigned reading for Incoming College freshmen. From the tucson festival a book, a discussion of education. Book tv be in prime time, a p. M. Eastern on cspan2. Book to be has 48 hours of nonfiction books and authors every weekend. Here are some programs to watch for. This weekend, join us for the 22nd annual virginia festival of of the book in charlottesville. Starting saturday at noon eastern. Programs include author Bruce Hillman who discusses his book, the the man who stocked einstein. How nazi scientist changed the course of history. Then saturday evening at seven p. M. , Patricia Bell scott, Professor Emeritus of womens studies at the university of georgia on her book, the firebrand and the first lady, portrait of a friendship. Paul murray, Eleanor Roosevelt and the struggle for social justice. The book the book explores the relationship between civil rights activist and first lady Eleanor Roosevelt. Patricia bell scott speaks with author and historian at roosevelt house in new york city. On sunday sunday beginning at 1 00 p. M. Eastern, more from the virginia festival a book, including kelly carlin, George Carlin starter who talks about her life growing up the comedian and her book, a carlin home companion. Sunday night at 9 00 p. M. , afterwards with historian nancy , author of, the making of americas first president. Miss she is interviewed by kim chair and cofounder of cornell law school. For a woman to be at the head of the most powerful country of the world, where one of our key allies have not allowed women to drive and are most significant enemy at this time, isis, is literally executing women and girls simply from being women and girls, i think a sense a powerful message from the bully pulpit about what america stands for. Go to booktv. Org for the complete schedule. For this year student contest students produced documentaries telling us issues they want the candidates to discuss during the campaign. Student slows the economy, equality, education, and immigration were all top issues. Thanks to all of the students and teachers who competed this year and congratulations 12 are winners and every weekday and april starting on first, one of one of the top 21 winning entries will air at 6 50 a. M. Eastern on cspan. All all entries are available for viewing online. Coming up on book tv, books about medicine and healthcare, not, author vincent davida on Cancer Research. Then Jeffrey Lieber meant the author of strings, the untold story of psychiatry. In the author a pandemic, sonja shaw on how to prevent the spread of infectious disease. Doctor vincent davida and his daughter elizabeth davida rayburn are coauthors of the death of cancer, the history of Cancer Research and the development of cancer therapies. They discussed cancer treatments including chemotherapy, immunotherapy and medical marijuana. This is onece hour. Good evening everybody. I am the Program Director here at the west Court Library and im pleased to welcome you to this evenings program. Program di just a few housekeeping items before we get started, if you could please take a moment to silence yourself on, youve noticed a few cameras in the room. We are pleased to have cspan here to film this evenings program. Pleased tonight it is an onstage conversation and there will be an opportunity for audience questions at the end. I will ask that you please wait for the microphone and speak into it clearly so the question can be heard. After the discussion the authors will sign copies of their book, the books are available here and the authors will sign the book here to my rights, if you could please a formal line at the table in front of the stage. That would be great. St for those with a book in hand i ready you can jump right into line. Thank you so much for supporting the library and its program, whether its through your yearly gift or purchasing a book at tonights program, these things all have the help the library to bring these wonderful programs to you. Tonight, we have a pioneering oncologist doctor vincent davida junior who is going to share personal history of one of the greatest science stories of our time. The fight against cancer. The book, the death of cancer, after 50 years on the front lines of medicine of pioneering oncologist revealed why the war on cancer is winnable and how we can get there. It is cold written by journalis, elizabeth, and yes they are related. We are privileged to have the opportunity to have them both here to discuss the book. It has received wide praise for his inside craftsmanship, hope, and humanity. Tonight, elizabeth will interview her father about his work and explore his personal story. Doctor debate arrived at the National Cancer institute in 1963, eventually becoming its director and moving onto top level positions at Yale University where he is currently a professor of medicine and professor epidemiology. Elizabeth davida rayburn received a masters degree in Public Health from columbia university, she she writes about science, health, and society. Her stories have appeared in the washington post, self help psychology today and Harpers Bazaar among other publications. Please welcome doctor davida and elizabeth davida rayburn [applause]. Thank you all for coming, can you hear me . Im a bit of bit of a low talker, i have two microphones on. So i have been asked to interview my father for you which is something i have done a lot of over the course of putting this book together. Though most of our conversations actually took place over text or maybe a scotch when were together. Well do are best in this format. And try to evoke some of the stories that came out. Before we begin, i like to introduce my mother, mary kk who lived through many of these conversations [applause]. B so now we will begin. So this book is about the war on cancer and your journey through. But most people do not really know that much about how it came to be. What you tell us about the back story. Ok is about th the one cancer begin 1971. S . Congress passed the National Cancer on the 23rd of december, 1971, as a Christmas Gift to the nation. It was a brainchild of mary lester, very wealthy philanthropist who lived in of greenwich, nearby among other places. Is a very Controversial Program for a lot of reasons. One of which is it proposed that the National Cancer institute be taken out of the National Institute of health and given a separate agency to the i president , it propose the fda it was controversial for another reason and that is to get it through congress she had great influence in the congress a promise of it past the cancer act it could eradicate cancer by the centennial. Now. Scientist and i believe that was true. No no scientist believed it was true. That afterward. [inaudible] it put 100,000,000,000 dollars billion dollars of tax dollars into Cancer Research. So this book is about my track through the war on cancer. So weve had Something Likee this in mind for a while but she was biding her time, while she waited for . Her husband died of cancer. I wrote a chapter called marion the machine. She had a machine, she was someone who in congress, she had ann landers wrote an open letter to congress that says you know you all to the American People so she had this big machine that she set into motion. It was very successful. Think a lot of people would be just surprised to discover there is one patient that had a lot to do with marys feeling that it was start to time to start pushing forward. Its ironic, it was 1969 and i was sitting in my office and the phone rang and it was a chemo therapist as we called it in those age and she said i have a patient was a gallbladder cancer, he had just beenensaid v operated on it was the most famous surgeon in the country, he lived in washington and he worked with congress and wanted to be treated and what i take him. And we were taking only the cases we worked on so i said i really dont work with the public. Also theres really nothing we can do at that time. There is one drug, right . Yes one drug. So i said thank i said thank you very much but i cant take him. Ten minutes later the phone rang and it was sydney farber, and he said to me and told me about the patient and he said i would like you to take inches and. And i said well doctor farber, e dont work with this kind of patient and he said you will take this patient. I was cocky but not stupid. So we took the patient. When i examined him, looking for lived nodes and felt him under both armpits. Well it doesnt go to lymph nodes under your arm. So irm thought something was wrong. We rebuy opposite and it turned out he had a lymphoma. And a and ame type that we were working on and now had a second treatment thatv we develop for lymphomas that was working well. We treated and he went into remission and mary lester use that as her cue. She said we thought we provided the missing link. Most people do not die from cancer where it starts, they die from a secondary deposits elsewhere. For example women with Breast Cancer dont die for cancer in the press, they die from metastases. We are. We are looking for ways to get drugs outside, once we proved we could treat effectively, no adults with cancer and we should. And we should say how lucas connected with mary. Ld talk abou luke quinn was working for the American Cancer Society. Mary lasker had planted him and paid his salary. He was her eyes and ears on the hill. He had been a colonel in the air force and he was the