Support Edward Snowden and chelsea madden, private manning and to remember that lineage that atm with the Citizens Commission to investigate the f. Era. Thank you very much. Thank you. [applause] for people in the back. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible] so is conviction that the fbi office was worth breaking into mustve been based on more than just antipathy for the fbi. Id like to know what does he know about the fbi the email of, which convinced him to take this rather drastic action. I can answer that question. We talked about it quite a bit. He had no file on the fbi, but what he had was a strong perception that turned out to beetroot. He thought that Jay Edgar Hoover was a consummate bureaucrat and i saturate keep greatly detailed files on everything, including documents about how to deal dissent. He didnt have any idea that dirty tricks that would involve in dealing with such a thing. But he thought the jay crew affair would require the meticulous records to be kept up everything. He also is a rightwing ideologue and when you combine those two things that was the very day combination. He had no ideas what would be found, just that it was true. Yes. The mac there was other fbi offices locally. One question is why media. My second question is over the five years, did the fbi ever get close to any of the way you couldnt do the downtown philadelphia. It is used 24 hours a day. We did chase the philadelphia fbi office. Security was to type. At 10 plan del, why did you pick media over the other outlying philadelphia offices . I dont really know. When he tells the story come he describes going downtown monday for another purpose. Ill check out where the fbi is. Tall building, impossible, 24 hour security. And then sometimes later click in the suburban phonebook looking for a suburban phonebook, and fbi office in media when out and let them in some others went later decided, this may be doable. Yes, back here. Do you ever think it would be a movie click well, theres a documentary video i have a chance d. C. In late may at the constitution center. There are some people who have expressed interest in making a movie. The you have the chance to see the real. Yes, sir. First of all, excuse me im beginning to get a cold. Everything you said was very original. Thank you for your sacrifice. [applause] this is an ongoing struggle. We have to continue to do this. Im looking around the room and im happy to clu people here. But im not happy about is that a teeny young people here. [inaudible conversations] not that i am young, but thats besides the point. Two questions come if you have any plans . If not, will you help us if we organize plans to come speak to young people at schools where they hang out . Well, young people have not lost hope. I teach that age group at Temple University and i think there is a great yearning to begin to try to believe in the meaning of america again and the meaning of america is fairness in the last a lot of that. The heart has not been lost in this young folks. Theyve got a lot of heart and i think they are waiting for the right moment and that moment surely would have been because our country is in very bad shape right now. The inequality in massive use of money it takes away from the rest of us. Not only elections, but on the carpetbagging stuff that goes on in washington. The young people have given up on this country. I also think its more mature citizens now healthy young people connect, help them find ways to connect, to work is social media and every other good tool they have so theyre not feeling cynical and apathetic and alone in looking at the problems in our country. They can be empowered by connecting and we can try to make that possible. To the extent we are able to do speaking things, we are more interested in talking to young people and other geezers like us. We have a nice invitation from schools and universities. We have time for one more question. This is a logistical question for bombing. I am just picturing a sketch of you. I havent read the book yet. Its probably answered in the book, but who true that . Why did they draw . Did they draw sketches of everyone that came in . Well, in the introduction of us back here where i couldnt hear everything that was being said, but he described in the book that my role in preparing for the burglary was to go with at the office. Therefore my faith was that or the fact they realized they had been cased by my faith. I did try to disguise my parents as much as they could. I never took my gloves off the whole time i was taking note in my notebook when i was interviewing the men in the office. It was a pretty crummy sketch and it didnt want very much like i looked on a daytoday basis. They thought of her immediately. The woman is jed cooper would often refer to, the woman who came into the office. Shes right here. [laughter] but there were so many young woman who are activists at that time. I couldve been just any one of 529yearold women in philadelphia. Some of those people suffered abuse at the hands of the fbi because they they were. Very frightening. Having your door broken down and not ernestine. I would like to thank you very much and id also just like to say given everything we now know about the impact of what they did, we have here people who have told off one of the most powerful nonviolent act of resistance in the country. [applause] [applause] [inaudible conversations] next, the Technological Advancement is taken over our lives and our economy suggests ways to harvard visiting space to benefit society. The conversation is about an hour. Good evening and welcome to todays meeting at the Commonwealth Club of california. The place where youre in the know. You can find the Commonwealth Club on the internet at the Commonwealth Club. Org. An entry minored from salon. Com, your moderator for this evenings program. To my left is aronberg alston and aaron mcafee who are business researchers at the m. I. T. School of management. Eric is the director of the m. I. T. Center for business and andrew is the Principal Research scientist. The two men made a name for themselves a couple years ago with their self published book, race against the machine, which kind of coalesce some emerging nervousness about the fact automation is beginning to place jobs at higher and higher levels. I followed this up with a bigger book, the second machine age work, progress and prosperity in a time of technology. And its really i think everybody in this room will understand how timely this is in the greater area theres a lot of tension about how the economy is changing everybodys lives and where we are headed from there. The age directly tackles both the promise of technology and some potential challenges it poses. I think both would like to start for questions, giving a brief summary of their views on what is the second machine age all about . When i heard things affected machine age got started from some confusion that those indian eye hand about what was going on in the world. On one hand, innovation has never been faster. On the other you that people are more pessimistic about features and childrens futures and reflects two different groups of people, two different tribes indian i interact with regularly. On one hand, technologists are observing in creating wondrous new things, self driving cars and machines you can talk to another amazing to know that shes been there almost infectiously optimistic about the potential of these technologies transform the world. We also spent a lot of time interacting with economists understood reason theyre called the dismal land. I just came from a meeting in america and i was on a panel there were three other economists and they were pointing out some pretty good statistic. As you may know, Median Income of the 50th percentile in america is lower now than it was in the 1990s and employment of course has been struggling as well. The employment population ratio has commented. While some of the unemployment numbers are better recently, that drops out of the labor force. Not new jobs being created. We were puzzled because he wanted to see how companies to groups of these different areas, is one right and when the strong quake how could these be simultaneously apparent . If you look deeper, and is true there are really impressive numbers that match up with the optimism of the technologists. Overall votes in the u. S. Economy hit a record high. This is an trillion dollars were at record levels of productivity. Gdp is at record levels. Profits at record levels. All the numbers are growing quite deeply. The other statistics about Median Income and unemployment are also exactly accurate and ultimately us were working on this book, we came to the conclusion that its possible for both he seems to be happening simultaneously. It reflects the fact that technology does growth economic pie. It does create more wealth. However, theres a dirty secret of economics and that is there simply no economic law that says everyone is going to benefit easily from technological advances. Its possible to remain a relatively worse outcome of the worse off in absolute terms. In the first machine age, it was people like manufacturers are pretty introduction of the automobile. Today it could be a much larger group of people. Tens of millions of people even potentially majority of people having a harder time making a living than they did before and enters and in the nature of these causes and consequences in the Central Technology and driving the bounty and the spreading out of outcomes is for we read a book about them trying to understand the implications for individuals, corporations and society is over hoping to refocus on. Erik i have spent her whole career working on tape augean economics of doing research there. We wrote this book as they got confused about both the economics and technology. Erik describes the economic paradox going on. When they talk about the technology confusion going on. Its basically that Technology Digital technology has started doing things that theyre not supposed to be able to do. The book premise for me started in the fall of 2010 when i have her breakfast open up my computer or browsing the New York Times website and came across a story about the factor google no one had been driving cars. The company developed Autonomous Cars that had at that point written thousands of miles on american roads and traffic with no mishaps. I spit out my coffee at this point because he really wants bush to be able to do that. Theres a wonderful book with six years earlier, 2004 that eric and i read in the book may be convincing, strong argument why computers were never going to be able to drive cars and he was basically because the pattern matching, processing to do that well is pretty easy for us in our brains, prohibitively difficult for computers. Erik i read the book 2004. Six years later they are already driving cars. You see similar with a tap in a bunch of other really difficult problems that have a tablet Computer Scientist and her bodice is another peep will. Its going to be really, really easy. Everyone, point to adore in this room. This is a smart crowd. Its an even weirder question. Point to where you are in this room. Some call it is. Theyre both correct answers. My point is you have just solved one of the funniest challenges in robotics. Its called simultaneous localization and mapping. What does this room like clay . Where the doors and where mainstream. We are really good at that. The problem has basically prohibited progress in robotics. But a robot in the room and asked him where he is im sorry, he or she is and where the door is and what shenanigans take place. As recently as 2008 there was richer that said weve made no progress in slam in her will be it is today hard to do. Last year colleague of ours, john leonard saw a room about the size by waving a microsoft connect around. It was a 150 piece of consumer electronics. Eric and i saw enough examples like that without what is going on here can lead us to talk to a lot of the nerves on the economic side and ella decided that eventually led to this book. The first question one would want answered is how and why this happened. We are working just north of where all these things give me the things that are going to change the world. Artificial intelligence in these promises are regularly not delivered on and now in the last three or four years, something seems to have changed. Work . Of your threepart answer that question because that is what dentists into the field. Our answer to that takes up the first third of the book. Youre going to have to do it in a couple minutes. It is a threepart answer. The first part is relentless Computing Power that most of us know of as morris ball. Its really easy to underestimate what happens when this exponential improvement has been going on long enough. Sometimes the difference in korea really is a difference in time. We think we are at that point on the smartphone that most of us, probably all of us carry around is literally the supercomputer of a generation ago. You have enough horsepower to do some extraordinarily difficult things. Part 2 is are probably all tired of the phrase, the big data. This ocean of Digital Information we are swimming in. Its not orders of magnitude different in five or 10 years ago. It is thousands, millions, billions of times greater than five or 10 years ago. The reason not to miss important data is the lifeblood of science if you want to get smarter about a realworld problem, you need scads of data. Finally, the third part of our threepart answer is the real innovation, coming up with something that was not the process of a longer recut. Its recombining elden fox already out there. An internal Combustion Engine plus a gps system plus a bunch of processing power. Google invented none of those things. They just recombined the Building Blocks that were argued there in my world has so many more Building Blocks now than it did even a short time ago thats giving us this wave of innovation. The shorthand answer, and are to question is exponential, digital, and a tory. I have one question appears so far, which i think touches a little upon not. What do the stagnation in and of innovation not recognize when their face or back . The great stagnation in which the argument kind of reach this plateau. Youre painting a quite different picture. Tethers a super smart guy. We owe him a debt because he really inspired us to work on that for us both, race against the machine, when we read his vote because he was arguing that come out of innovation and there was no market things left to invent. Hanging on places like the m. I. T. Lab in Silicon Valley come without that can possibly true. Looking at the same economy we look at what the question we have. On the other hand, yet compelling data about this detonation of Median Income in that forced us to think hard about how this could be happening. Thats where he came out with this recognition that just because Median Income is stagnating, that doesnt mean innovation is that meeting. Paradoxically, if innovation speeds up, that can lead to a lot of people falling behind if theyre not keeping up with their skills for the organizations are not keeping up and mr. Manic rear of innovation of the economy can be innovation and Wealth Creation and lead to income. Its a fundamentally different world view than wayside, then he had, which is the innovations. We dont think of them is lowhanging fruit. Thats a metaphoric uses that as he says we plucked most of the lowhanging fruit and as he plucked lowhanging fruit comments harder and harder to get the renovations. Advantages explained, innovations dont use it that way. In fact, each innovation creates Building Blocks for additional innovation, the google self driving car were really trivial, the illustrated example as i had it to an undergraduate student and he wrote this little app in a few weeks and if you meant later there were 1. 3 million users using it. He didnt do any brilliant breakthroughs, but the reason it was able to scale to rapidly was because he built on top of facebook. Facebook was built on top of the World Wide Web and the web is built on the internet, built on networking, on and on. Each of those innovations to make it harder or somebody has to make a subsequent innovation. They made it easier for someone to make innovation. The lowhanging fruit metaphor is the wrong one for the nature of innovation were lucky it is because that means we are to be more Building Blocks for Additional Information of more potential for additional growth. I just rippled through a bunch of questions towards the second part of your book. Before we break into the specifics, we need to grapple without more generally, which is that its going that doesnt appear to be distributed equally. If we can get to the root causes of that and like to know what to do about it. What i might touch on that one as well . A good example of what is going on in a conversation i overheard about the same time and he was steadiness coffee out after reading the self driving car, i was on a plane and the person from he was talking on a cell phone too loudly so i couldnt help overhear what he was. He said i used turbotax. Faster, easier, cheaper and it is things more accurately. He was right actually. Turbotax does your taxes very accurately. It took a process they used to be done by humans and codified at and digitized it. Once it digitized that come you could make a copy of that. You could make 10 copies come 100 million copies. Each of those copies is identical to the original. It can be reproduced at virtually zero cost and transmitted anywhere in the world through the internet almost instantaneously. This is a good that is free, perfect 10 instead. Those are three characteristics we have had from Muscat Services in the past. They lead to some unusual economics. In particular, winner take all market. While each new neighborhood or town might have a tax preparer that could serve as to them, with a tax preparation program, you dont want to have the secondbest