Overreaction in what youre suggesting where you had sort of come if you had their actual case of some had a grudge against their neighbor would say, you know what a german accent would say he was a nazi and it turned out he didnt like his neighbor. So by the 80s we were finally going after these guys and enjoy people who were not nazis were swept up in office. All this. So what from one extreme to the other. And about the death camps that have been turned into prisons for the former holocaust arrestees were was the press . Didnt the American Press look at that situation . You know, surprisingly there were actually stories about this. That report to truman which i had never heard of before, actually did get a fair amount of press in the u. S. Jewish groups were complaining both before and after the report, and were drawing attention to this but there was a report in the stars and stripes a month or two after the war ended out of italy where you still had germany surrendered six weeks, two months earlier or Something Like that, and just to let nazi ss officers running villages and towns in italy. And stars and stripes wrote a story with a headline something the effect of did we actually win the war . So there were stories. You know, i dont think the press totally abdicated its responsibility but when it comes with the cia was doing and the other intelligence agencies that stuff is so difficult to report on. I was thinking more about the conditions, yeah. You know once it got, it took a while for the reports to get back to the u. S. Jewish groups. Want to go back to the u. S. Jewish groups there actually was, not overloading press attention, but there were stories. And one final question we really dont have okay. That was going to be the last question but going to ask a quick question, we will wrap it up. Is it anticipated hoovers name will remain on the new fbi Headquarters Building . I have wondered the same thing. I dont think they have said that i would be shocked if they did. In the story that i did i mention for the times about these nazi spies unlike the cia which declined comment, the fbi actually did say that essentially a lot of this was j. Edgar hoovers fall. So its easy to throw j. Edgar hoover under the bus these days. Thank you. [applause] thank you very much. Is there a Nonfiction Author a book you would like to see featured on booktv . Send us an email to booktv at cspan. Org tweet us at booktv or post on our wall facebook. Com booktv. Welcome to wheeling West Virginia, on booktv. Located in the northern panhandle of the state it was the First Capital of West Virginia and is known as the friendly city. Due to its location along the ohio river and Historic National road wheeling boot as an additional hub in the early 20th century spent its kind uncommon in West Virginia and that it do a lot of immigrants from various parts of europe here in search of jobs and opportunity. With the help of our Comcast Cable partner, for the next hour we explore wheeling literally sing begin with local author dan weimer and this book looking at office of drug policy in the u. S. If you look at the budget for the war on drugs every year, i know its billions of dollars as i was curious as to why that isnt how does the war on drugs fit into the larger picture of American Foreign policy. The war on drugs is something that the u. S. Has used, you know i dont want to say some justification but its been able to use that as justification for intervention activities across the globe. We generally associate a declaration of war on drugs with president nixon in 1971 1970 he wasnt saying those words declaring a war on drugs. In one way if you look at that time period you can see the war on drugs is connected to the nixon administration, but if you go a little further back in u. S. History, you realize that nixon didnt start the war on drugs. The war on drugs had been in effect in the u. S. Has had stricter drug policies domestically and abroad for most of the 20th century, but what nixon did is was he expanded he enlarged it, the scope and size of both domestically and abroad which is kind of the area that i was interested in the although in the book a look at both areas, whats happening in the United States and also whats happening around the globe. Nixon had a few things in mind. One of there had been growing drug abuse inside the United States. Part of his Domestic Campaign was running on the mantra of law and order that is good restore law and order to the United States after some of the quoteunquote disorder of the 1960s. So theres that law and order theme. Also hes just been looking at drugs, sort of this menace and connecting it to the antiwar opponent, and thats one way to kind of discredit them. Theres a various reasons why he declared the war on drugs. Other than nixon at the nations governors met in washington today discuss what the president called indeed a national problem, drugs. He proposed a nationwide campaign of education waged at the committee level. David shoemaker reports. It was an unlikely setting for a psychedelic happening. The president , Vice President cabinet officials and the nations governors all been at the state department to worry together over the drug problem or the drug scene, deep in the on your age. Nixon is not the first president as president s before him and after him, you know, drugs are pretty easy political issue. Theres something most people can agree on regarding being tougher on drug users, criminals, traffickers, things like that. Its a rather easy issue for politicians to gain political capital. The countries that i look at where thailand, burma, and mexico. And the reason i looked at those countries was the drug that u. S. Policymakers, officials, were most concerned about and that they thought did the most damage or cause the most crime was heroin. Some looking at where the flow of heroin was coming globally to the u. S. , focus on those three countries, thailand, burma and mexico. And the gold with the policies was nixon look at the Ford Administration and some of the Carter Administration was what we call source control and that is attempting to eliminate or limit the amount of Illegal Drugs being produced at the source. Its a more efficient policy, use of resources, versus an interdiction you know, trying to interdict drugs coming into the country that usually nets may be 1015 of the flow. The thought was and still is that if you can go to the source of drug production, and in this case places where poppies were grown from opium poppies and heroin is being refined that if you can delete those sources then you can reduce the amount of Illegal Drugs entering the country and subsequently claimed that you can limit the amount of addiction happening in the United States. Another thing might the point about the history of the war on drugs is that each one of these countries i look at, thailand, burma and mexico, the strategies implemented their became pretty much permanent features of the drug war. Signage and alternative development in thailand to that still going on today. It happened in thailand was the first largescale attempt at that. Mexico with herbicides and that continues to happen. And then burma is a strategy that we still see today. And burma there was a lot of illicit opium production, and theyre still lives. At the time burma in the 70s became the largest illicit producer of opium. But in burley also had a civil war going on which meant the Central Government and a bunch of different rebel groups either based on ethnicity or there was a Burmese Communist Party was fighting against the government, and each of these rebel groups was one way or another involved in opium production and trafficking is one way they funded their calls. So the United States would have been in firm and as such will be done in many places across the globe, is it provided no to assistance to the burmese government in the form of helicopters, surveillance airplanes, surveillance equipment, night vision goggles things for the burmese government to build up their capacity to track down these rebels. They defeat the insurgents which they thought would then decrease the amount of Drug Trafficking, or to destroy the insurgents opium supplies or heroin refineries, which would also enter we can the insurgency and also limit the amount of drugs being produced. In burma, even though its not call this, this whole concept of the narcoguerrilla in which comes into being in colombia stated narco guerrillas in colombia in the early 1980s, that term is not around in the 70s. That concept is already there and what the United States is doing in burma. So, for example, in thailand where there was the illegal opium production happening, the United States that high government and the United Nations implemented a number of these programs aimed at getting poppy farmers to grow other crops, and that was called crop replacement, and that was referred to as alternative development. But essentially it is just that tinted to get poppy cultivators to grow other crops for export. And in the case of thailand, it was a whole host of things but the program in thailand which took about 20 years to have an effect, was seen as a model, as a Successful Program and therefore, if we could do it in thailand, it should be tried in other places. And it has occurred in lots of places around the globe, particularly in some cocoa producing countries in south america. Ultimately though in the long run, so even in the nixon and Ford Administration, the Carter Administration, the u. S. Is providing funds for crop replacement in thailand is seen as a successful model because illicit production in thailand does go down. In the long run, i mean up to today, alternative development really has had mixed success in reducing the overall amount of Illegal Drugs being produced. But nontheless, it was seen as a successful policy and worthy of repetition elsewhere. Dea agents would look at the amount of surety of heroin that was in the United States to determine if there was an effect eradication programs were having an effect on the amount being produced. So purity is going down in the United States. They know the supply has gone down. The amount being a seized was another measure of success. So those are two of the metrics when it came to eradication policies, to see if youre having any type of positive effect. So we look at the history of crop replacement or alternative department, one of the problems is that people who grow poppies, finding a replacement crop that brings a steady price and a good price is hard to find, and we can see that even today in afghanistan which is the Worlds Largest producer of opium that tends to get afghan farmers to grow Something Else really runs up against a problem that the price you could get four week get four week is 40 or 50 times less than what you get the same amount of opium. So while policymakers claim that he predicted to grow to grow Something Else, it will be better for them. In many respects these farmers have already made a really rational economic choice and that poppies make sense but also they are less intense and sometimes to cultivate particularly in place like afghanistan to take a lot less water to grow, poppies and does wheat. While these programs can have small successes overall i dont think that they have had a great deal of success in limiting the amount of drugs being produced. Traffickers adapt and so if you break up one organization, it fractures into smaller ones. Demand is relatively stable in places like the United States or western europe, are wherever there is high demand for narcotics such as heroin. I think another thing that lots of people have talked about is the quoteunquote era of globalization we have increased trade across the globe and not just trade of goods but also opening up of the Financial Systems across the globe that its harder to police when you have, theres a real tension or contradiction between, you know im the one level saying youre going to increase the amount of free trade of legal good, but at the same time be able to police the trade in illegal goods. The war on drugs in terms of saying that its going to reduce the amount of drugs globally being produced or the rates of addiction in the United States has not occurred. And i think a lot of those criticisms that the war on drugs is not producing results is correct. One of the interesting things that i found what i was writing the book is that at the time in the 70s officials when they were thinking of these different types of eradication policies and source control policies thought that while they could totally eliminate illegal Drug Trafficking and addiction in the United States that they could put a really serious dent in it. That is something that could be managed. And subsequently what has occurred is that yeah you could put temporary dance in things but you can break up organization, but that doesnt mean that the trafficking is going to go away. Mainly because the demand doesnt go away. And so the thing that i focus on my book is source control policies abroad. The United States and other countries, and that has been a main feature of the war on drugs. But one criticism of the war on drugs i think is correct is that the demand side in the United States has not been as the dress with equal amounts of Effort Energy and resources. How has the war changed since the 1970s, the time period i looked at . Its only grown in size and in school. That dea that was created in 1973 has continued to grow as an organization. And we are seeing some questioning of a global level of liters of latin american countries, European Countries came together and declaring publicly that we need to rethink the global war on drugs and its current focus on enforcement and source control and that it has not worked and we need to find other ways of addressing this issue that dont come with so many harms is not so wasteful dollars. Youre watching book tv on teewun. This weekend were visiting West Virginia. Next we visit the Ohio County Public Library and discuss some of there rare books and photos. Known as gateway to the west. The suspension bridge is really a way to get to the west over the river. Before that it was going around. As a transportation hub at a city full of creeks, streams, and rivers bridges were an important way to make commerce possible. Part of our collection of photographs was the foundation of our collection that was donated to the library by wc brown. These showed various scenes from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. I chose to focus on some of the historic bridges. They still exist. This one was under construction in 1891, the main street stone arch bridge. The longest single span stone arch in the United States in 1892 when it was dedicated the stones were all locally quarried, and one of them fell on a construction worker was killed and drowned. His ghost is said thought the bridge to this day. The the bridge is still in use. The 2nd bridge over like to show you is another stone arch that was built in 1817. It is the help grow stone arch. Some some people noted as the humpback bridge or the monument plays bridge because it is very near where the shepherds lived. Youve probably heard of herod moses. Moses. Moses shepherd allegedly used his influence was senator henry clay to have the bridge built close to there home. It is still in heavy use. Unfortunately covered in concrete now but it still is the oldest bridge in West Virginia still in continuous use. The 3rd and most famous bridge is our developed a willing suspension bridge which is just of up main street on 10th street. This particular is one of the oldest if not the oldest photographs taken from above the bridge near 10th street. You can see it here. During the 1852 flood. The entire island. And this is a famous photograph. The suspension bridge a competition to design it featuring mr. Broadway. Actually prevailed on the bridge was opened in 1849. During its early history the city of pittsburgh to not like the bridge because they claimed it interfered with river traffic, it was too low, so they filed the suit. Eventually they prevailed. Restored by mr. L. It would lower their section of the whistles rightsofway. Very unpopular. It is a beautiful a beautiful piece of work. Was really an engineering marvel. Still all markable a remarkable structure. To transition to our rare books collection for this particular book contains one charles holds original design for the suspension bridge and it was more of its a lot more decorative than fancy that initially conceived. Also conceived. Also from our rare books collection is the 1st city director very important to researchers and historians to lower businesses relocated and also where some of the important families lived in their occupations. This one is writing 39. Very few of these exist. Alphabetically arranged. Families and businesses they are engaged in common names of streets and alleys upon which they wrote,