Negotiation table in paris in december . Well, you got a lot and that [laughter] let me just add that hank paulson as many of you know is lifelong committed along with his wife conservationists and environmentalists. So thats hit him at his everywhere he has tremendous knowledge of Cross Section of china and the environment. Thank you, andrea. And the Polson Institute is the biggest programs we have our air quality and climate, and a u. S. Of China Council focus on sustainable urbanization. So him and i see where the question comes from because if you had asked me going back, if im sitting here today and i didnt know how bad the air was which i sure do, i just was a couple of weeks ago was at ground zero of this problem. You could hardly see you couldnt see the sun come and everything was archaic. A chapter in my book is called darkness at noon. But if most of all the things the chinese were doing in terms of investing in a new clean technologies, turning down shutting down dirty plants i wouldnt expect a situation would still be come wouldve got worse. But its all been blown away any kind of progress by this breakneck growth, which is a model which is unsustainable. Energy intensive development within energy inefficient economy. So what gives me hope okay because, so what gives me hope several things, and optimism. First, the leaders understand the problem picked on because the Chinese People do. The Chinese People are demanding action. So i think the survival of the party depends upon making progress. They have changed the way mayors and governors are evaluated. It used to be easy would visit with any senior official at the city or provincial level, they which israel off the Economic Growth statistics because they need if they they did that come integrated economy, avoided a big scandal or social unrest, a which is fine and were promoted. Now theyre being evaluated, and their performance, they become is being evaluated, what theyre doing with the environment. So they will give you the progress. They rank 73 out of 73 provinces and theyve got some unique problems. They talk about a 12 improvement. Now, i think the outside and the recent we are focused on this area big time is Energy Efficiency. Give you a couple statistics. Half of all New Buildings going up on earth are in china. 40 of Carbon Emissions come from buildings. They have lousy Energy Efficiency standards with buildings. Want to do things the Polson Institute is working on with our urbanization council, and working with Rocky Mountain institute, are Energy Efficient buildings. Theres big upside there. The cheapest, Cleanest Energy there is an energy you dont use. The most difficult issue you pointed to is a mix of coal in communist, and their Overall Energy usage. And projections and the deal at the Obama Administration came to come the agreement with them requires of them they will do the things are going to say they do, theyll have to change that the its going to take a while. So this is difficult. Its important, but i would say that the Obama Administrations agreement is usually important because first of all, it is a demonstration that the chinese care a lot about the relationship with the u. S. They didnt have to do that when the Obama Administration was a better, they did. Secondly they are focused on this advocate about it. They dont announce these things lightly, and greatly enhances a chance of success at paris. It just really, really enhances that. I think it wouldve been hard to see much progress there without this, and i think having done this creates a much better if im forgetting things done. I just want i guess i times up i just want to say this book is a wonderful read, and so we have been talking about really tough issues on the Economy Today but just read what hank paulson right about where he was on 9 11 and dispersal engagement with these people. This is an insiders account with such a personal touch. I just wanted to congratulate you on the book and recommend dealing with china because its been a fascinating extreme for me. Thank you so much, and you. And thank you, thank you all so much for being here today. [applause] spring i want to thank andrew for being here and reading this conversation which was what i think it secretary paulson come and as is our tradition were going to add to your collection i believe that National Press club mugs. [laughter] [applause] [inaudible conversations] booktv is on twitter and facebook. And we want to hear from you. Tweet us twitter. Com booktv post a comment on our Facebook Page facebook. Com booktv. Welcome to topeka on booktv. Located in the northeast region of kansas, topeka is its capital city with around 127,000 residents. Leading up to the civil war this region was the fact that many border clashes between pro and antiSlavery Forces. Earning it the nickname bleeding kansas. Essential medicine became known as the site of the landmark 1957 Supreme Court case brown v. Board of education which declared racial segregation in Public Schools unconstitutional. With the help of our constitution partner for the next one hour we learn about the history of the state from local authors. The name of the house is secret. The house is just under 6000 square feet which makes it the smallest governors mansion. But it has the most property with 244 acres. I havent done anything in an historic record which is this why destroyed in the attention it deserved but what i define as a research around is there was a lot going on in 1965 america. Beaver turpin at times. Everything that was happening racism was ubiquitous across the nation. So because of that i think this crashed in and of itself just about it the attention it deserved because it happens in quoteunquote small town u. S. A. Wichita, kansas,. We begin with Debra Goodrich bisel on kansas role in the civil war. When i moved to kansas in 1992, i was very familiar with the story of the civil war. I had grown up in southwestern virginia. The civil war is edward. My great grandfather was a veteran. Its everywhere. Its on the present. So i inserted them in with the civil war stories. I grew up in the hometown of jeb stuart, the confederate cavalry commander. So growing up one of my favorite movies was santa fe trail where errol flynn plays jack stood how good can it get . When they came to kansas, because im from the south that we just i got to know the community of topeka through the cemetery. This is the oldest cemetery, the oldest chartered senator and the stateside Kenneth Walker i literally tripped over the grave of cyrus holliday. Thats when the man and the myth all came together and i realized that character from the movie santa fe trail was real that he was you, that jeb stuart with you, that all those characters, john brown, were right here. That it really was holy ground. So thats when my fascination with the role of kansas and the civil war began. Kansas did not earn the name bloody kansas by accident. When the kansasnebraska act was signed in 1854 the very act of signing it, i just signing that piece of paper was viewed by missourians as an act of war. From the very beginning, every colony to all those original colonies had assumed that what was to the west of them was affairs. So virginia settled kentucky, settled missouri. And with that settlement with the mores and the culture and all the values. You know that saying from north to south. It was assumed and that missouri would settle kansas, making it a slave state. So the kansas missouri act, or the kansasnebraska act was seen as a prosouthern act. It was viewed as a proslavery act. So when northerners decided that if popular sovereignty will decide the fate of kansas and well send people to settle. That was viewed as an act of war by many missourians. They just assumed this would all be theirs. Its important, it is so important to note that before there is a slavery issue in kansas, there is Economic Opportunity. Nobody would have cared, nobody would have come had it not been Economic Opportunity in kansas. And we look at the wide open space of course we forget that theres actually American Indians living at the time and making use of that space, but the easterners, is just looked like wide open, unused country. The railroads the railroads are everything in the 19th century. The very night december 5 1854, the missouri senator is standing in maryland making a speech about the rich land of kansas and how the railroad is going to cut through that and opened it up for everybody. So that is foremost on everybodys mind. So black, white everybody sees kansas as the land of opportunity. And it doesnt take long for the bloody struggles for that opportunity to begin. So as soon as northerners are staking their claims missourians are coming over and tossing off, or they are destroying decline markers. So probably missouri started it but it escalates and both sides take it to incredibly heinous heights. There are raids back and forth across the kansas border, almost immediately. The missourians come over especially for new englanders off their claim. People are coming from north and south alike before the Economic Opportunity. Many of them for a new start in the kansas territory. The pottawattamie massacre of course is one of the most famous events of that time. In may 1856 john brown, his sons and a couple of other followers dragged five men from their cabins along the mosquito and the pottawattamie creek and their shot and hacked to death with broadswords. That perspective they cleared that area of southern settlers. Malcolm the men he killed were not slave owners. Bears a lot, its a really complicated story but they were not slave owners. So that massacre had a lot of mixed reviews around the nation. What john brown had accomplish however, was to set the tone for what they kansas missouri border would become. That would rise to new heights with William Quantrill in 1863. In 1863 he led a band of about 450 confederate guerrillas across the border to lawrence, which was the second largest city. Leavenworth was the largest and topeka was the capital but lawrence was the de facto antislavery capital. That was the new england stronghold and it was the home of jim lane and charles robinson. It was were so many of the orders came from the wreak havoc in western missouri. So they come into lord. They hold that down for four hours. It is effectively destroyed, 150200 men and boys are killed. They couldve killed every man woman and child in town to they had that much control over it. But the town was effectively destroyed. There was a cloud of smoke that could be seen for 38 counties. It was as if an atomic bomb had gone off. That resulted in order number 11 which pretty much decimated western missouri and sent 20, 25,000 people off their land and made them homeless. So it was it was horrific. The matter what side you on it was a horrific time. When the civil war finally came to the rest of the nation, kansas have had of course the futures of the head start. There were a couple of very notable contributions kansas makes to the war effort. One is that per capita we send more soldiers to the war than any other state. Number two is the first kansas colored are actually raised the first black regiment to fight in the civil war. Their service is remarkable on so many counts. They fight before the emancipation proclamation is issued. They have the promise of nothing, nothing. They are not fighting with the promise of freedom. They are not fighting with the promise of even being paid. Nothing. They are fighting with nothing except hope. Following the civil war, its very interesting to note they were survivors reunions for many years of quantrills raid on lawrence. The perpetrators and then he rode with quantrill also had a union on the missouri side. And i think thats just one example of how the feelings didnt die when the war was over. And i have to say there still a lot of animosity between kansas and missouri. Now it plays out in the Sports Events rather than on the battlefield, thankfully, but those animosities die hard. One of the things i think thats what important to remember special with order number 11 where the federals ordered, they were trying to create a Demilitarized Zone. General thomas yoon was trying to create a Demilitarized Zone so that the guerrillas in western missouri would not have a safe haven come and to effectively cleans out three and have border counties of western missouri. Had to include kansas, had he cleaned out some of the eastern kansas counties, had he done things differently, the result might have been different. But who was going over to put people off their property . Those federal soldiers were mostly kansans. So missouri sees that as a federal government, but also see it as kansas doing that. That dies hard. Harry truman is one of the most famous examples. His grandmother who would let him in the house in his blue uniform because she still equated that with the yankees. And who famously would not sleep in the lincoln wrote in the white house, and who and when they would sit down to dinner at some film and kansas was using their good china and their goods over. But thats a great example of how generations later those feelings had not died. I was researching and the library of congress in the newspaper room one day came across the newspaper in 1856 the london times. The front page of the london times had the headline war in kansas. The eyes of the world were literally on kansas. And that territorial period was so significant in shaping the war to come and kansas role in the civil war cannot be overestimated. And i think its overshadowed because you have these big battles in peace. Youve got gettysburg and fredericksburg at all these incredibly big battles that overshadow how kansas to be defined the issues to be defined what would what we would become. The entire civil war is that who would inherit the mantle of the revolution comes who gets that north or south . Who are we to be . Kansas defines the. Its all hammered out here in kansas. Kansans are the one who defined after the war when after the homestead act is enacted. Youve got all these civil war soldiers moving to kansas. It becomes known as the soldiers state. We are the soldiers the state long before we were the Sunflower State because of all these civil war veterans coming west. I dont think you could overstate the role of kansas. While in topeka we spoke with historian d. W. Carter about his book mayday over wichita which details the worst military aviation disaster in kansas history. All of a sudden the house was shaking and i looked at the window and the house was on fire and raced institute of my sisters and brothers out and i put them across the street and came back. I couldnt get here fast enough because a local everything was getting in the way and i couldnt realize what was going on. I started running and screaming up and down the street ends until i can get but a consumer house until i got in the house. Applying pressure continuous 16, 1965 and it occurs early that morning at around 9 30 a. M. The plane went down at about 20 and pine street in wichita the northeast end of wichita. It crash landed in a section of wichita that would typically referred to as the africanamerican communities. 97 of the africanamericans were living in this section of wichita is a ghost town at about 20 of 10 pilots become a 500 foothigh fireball and goals vince entire block, 14 homes are destroyed. Fire is a war and destruction is everywhere. Ultimately, 30 lives are lost through this tragedy. I prevent anything in the historical record that says this is why the store did not get the attention it deserved but what a defined as a researched it out is there was a lot going on in 1965 america. I addressed specifically three wars that were occurring in this period. We have the war in vietnam, and a massive amount of our troops are heading into vietnam under lyndon b. Johnson. We had the war on poverty declared by lyndon b. Johnson and, of course, we have the war for a quality. All of that is consuming headlines for not just i can signify but seemingly the entire decade. Thomas paine once put these are the times that try mens souls during the american revolution. I say that for the 1960s because these were turbulent times. Everything was going on in selma, everything happening racism was ubiquitous across the nation. So because of that i think this crashed in and of itself just didnt get the attention it deserved because it happens in quoteunquote small town u. S. A. , wichita, kansas. I arrived at by paula air force base. I knew of the wizard of oz and toto. It was about to begin to imagine me sitting there in this new city taking in my surroundings and listening to the instructors who were there. At something called first term airman center. During this time is basically an increasing are doing about the history of the city and they did. Im hearing about the city and all these things that happen and theres a short blurb about this is where the worst nonnatural disaster in kansas history occurred. I said excuse me and asked a question and it didnt get the answers i wonder. I went to the library and i didnt get the answers i wanted to. I found there was no substantial history i just could not believe that 30 lives were taken, that there was no memorial and this is and remains the worst nonnatural disaster and his states history, and theres not more on the. That started like initial intrigue but with diplomats to iraq and various other things in air force i did not time to dive into it more. As fate would have it i became a Police Officer and i was stationed right there in that community, right by 20 and piatt. I got to know these people over the years. I got to understand the hurt tragedies and misconce