Ambassador altidor. [applause] i know we had to leave shortly, but will turn to the next panel for judith to take over. Thank you very much, ambassador altidor for those remarks and being so candid and open with us and passionate about the future of haiti. Thank you. So now, we are going to turn to a panel of people who will bring some experience they have encountered working on the ground to tell you about some of the important accomplishments and challenges they are encountering. But pamela coe, have a coffee break at the end of it. At the panda will go for about an hour. Each of them will speak for about 20 minutes and then have a joint question and answer for both of them. You have their biographies and a section of paper attached to the program, so i wont read it all to you. But just to say that to my immediate left, its a great pleasure to have Elizabeth Lake with us who is Senior Vice President for advocacy and Governor Affairs for habitat for Humanity International. Youve all heard of habitat for Humanity International and short and the Nonprofit Organization that works in 93 countries around the world. This has been very engaged personally and directly with issues in haiti. Its actually signed a 26 trips to haiti. So she is a very handson perspective that she will be bringing and she has had a very distinguished career in the private sector and pranks that do this well to her work in haiti. And then to her last is erick deryce, my colleague. The position headmaster colleague and director in haiti nsa responsible for much of the success that is enjoyed on the ground. He is an engineer by training and has also a degree in management, so they really nice combination in terms to manage inefficiency and have a practical outlook. He also served in the minister of planning and brings a policy perspective as well and helps us make sure the work is well coordinated as the investor is a too support the Development Agenda of haiti. Without further ado, ill turn the podium over and i think the program says that lives will speak first, but i see that kerry asked presentation is powered. Not wanting to disturb it just ticks, first to the podium. Thank you, judy is. Three years ago, the earthquake hit, although portauprince was destroyed, completely destroyed and with rebuilt for nothing. But as we begin to help people dig out of rubble, they found for every region of the see straight, theres another available. When a friend of mine went to the camp, we found that people had moved right here, not because they lost their house, but people were afraid. And none, but for a solid house. To develop a program to enter the houses, and sent them into the game homes in the occupation. If the building was safe, we put a tag on the outside. A staple and they read tag when the building was unstable and dangerous. With collaboration and the organizations, we develop over 400,000 structures. Nearly every structure damage. We found that more than half were hit with impact. Give people confidence. The challenge was to be built the house is set have been weakened by the earthquake. We need to rebuilding houses is cheaper than building new homes and that people wanted to live at home. Weve built with a higher standard than they had been built, to make them stronger. I can, working with the minister of public works within the guidelines. Within hundreds of engineers into the new techniques with small, local contract choose and have been used to detect meeks of highquality materials and block by block, wall by wall, we built safer house is. We are now rebuilding over 9700 houses and 10,000 houses. Over 65,000 people to live in safe home. All of these homes are and start to by the courts and satisfied a safe. Rebuilding wasnt enough. Before the earthquake, before it was a chaotic mass, we wanted to do more than be built before the earthquake. We work with the mayor and the neighborhood president to chase out the new plan. To the mind, we wanted to be wise and in wideopen spaces to be built, developed a new map like you see here, with street street [inaudible] we design higher density housing, that has been appropriate to the neighborhood would be gone now pushing for condominiums. Weve begun with street, like those. We build new basements. We build houses and now like that. You can see the slide. What you didnt see before that, a friend of mine to this picture after the earthquake. This not a unique example. It is not a unique example. This neighborhood should and can use that empowers families to build their own house. A thousand 800,000 new homes over the next 10 years to the site the ambassador said. In the past three years, families have begun to rebuild their own houses. The private sector and the government is to promote our proper Building Techniques to the general public was to go expertise and construction workers and enforce compliance. The government to haiti should be declaring weakness in the housing. They would face higher back of growth, building another state, the solution we are not implementing, must continue to lead in the development in this section of priority building. Another stronger local and National Hunt declared two of them. One for the evaluation of a house. Another one on the area for the construction of the house and the building. And you see that the building that the ambassador show us for the next year and for 2014. The ministry of commerce some building. If you want to roll to play in the reconstruction, we are sure have work, not only what worries can be, but how they can be used to reconstruct. We need to build not only houses, building, would, but also initiates his and creativity to build a new society and a new country. Thank you for your attention. [applause] thank you very much. And id like to invite lives blake up to the podium. After her presentation, im sure there will be many questions. Well, my technical expert helps me with besides, i just want to start by thanking pad is very much in the Woodrow Wilson center and an honor to be on a panel. Im sorry potlatch, but im honored to be on a panel with the distinguished diplomats. Ambassador titles are blowing frantically around this group and im glad to be here. Habitat has been in haiti for 27 years and as judith macy indicated, i am in haiti 26 times. Id be there 27 or 28 if i werent married to the most wonderful man in the world. I wouldve probably move there. He does accuse me of having a second family they are in the people at the hotel know me by name. Its a frightening thing. Im very, very deeply about the tahitian people, with their pride, with their courage and i feel like im going home when im blessed enough to be there. Theres nothing i would refer personally to be involved in rather than Building Back better in haiti assert that the mission of habitat in this work in haiti and around the world. I know so many of you have actually seen in haiti and i know youre equally committed to the success of a building that matter. In case i rambled too much, i want to start with my conclusion because judith asked us to be focusing on the future. Its rare for things that they took him through that i hope it marks get us there is that i absolutely believe the success of the efforts Going Forward will be conjoined with an following the lead of the government. Its been hard to get that place now for lots of legitimate reason to put a recent, but on a Going Forward basis, and absolutely has to be the way we behave. I was here in 10, actually in new york when the Prime Minister rattled the saber at the nonprofit since it under an city will have to behave well. The inservice with have to behave well. Lets get your leadership governable behave well. Habitat is try to do that and we look forward to working with others that are really committed to this. The second relates to a question from the back, which is what we do needs to be based upon the needs of the people. And i dont mean the political will of the people. I mean off of a down into the camps and communities and on the fire. If to the extent we are contributing resources to empower and enable a capacity built within the country itself and then get the heck out of the way, i think well be doing the right thing. But it cant be what we think is right. Absolutely has to be determination of the people were working with. Finally, youll forget me. Shakespeare was being ironic when he said to kill all the lawyers. Im a lawyer by training. I absolutely believe what needs to be done alongside and i dont think we should be worried about tackling it in haiti is to deal effectively and aggressively with land rights issues, while the plot issues, secure tenure issues. People say it cant be done. I can say can be done anywhere in the world. It made remarkable progress in haiti and i ask you at the end of this to join me in continuing this effort. Those efforts are critical to what paul was talking about, which is meeting the capital and financing. The would not be donor capital, my personal capital unless all of us are sure that the capital will be well spent and it is to be basic rejection of law that enables that to happen. Speech over. The site is going. Urban shelter issues have been a problem in haiti from the way, way before the earthquake. Haiti is the oldest black republic in the world. Its about the size of maryland and unlike a lot of countries, its only 37 urban. So that out to be sent and that leads to the positive rebuilding more quickly than other countries. But within the urban areas such as portauprince, and syslog creek lake, 86 of the people were that theyd have fun. What does that mean . Again, preearthquake statistics that have not gotten better. Life expectancy in haiti is 63 years. Children dying below the age of one is below 12 . Blessed be the mother of three boys, but a fire raising raising them in haiti, odds are one of the three wouldve been dead before he was five. Can you imagine not just buried 217 family members send friends and colleagues with the earthquake, but one out of three your children as a routine matter. 50 of the population is illiterate. Unemployment rate was 70 . It is above 90. 42 of haitians have access to potable water. 42 improved sanitation in a city in haiti has a functioning sewage system. My levity aside been working with the school and the donors help it in toilets because the way women from chicago felt there needed to be to attend the school. Five months into the school he is a toilets were pristine clean because nobody had ever used one before. No one had seen a toilet before. Having improved sanitation is an adaptive science and maybe not the First Priority always. Also with respect to basic statistics, 90 of hava in the region, 90 of the caribbean hiv aids is in haiti. The battle was tough before the earthquake. His 163,000 preearthquake orphans. Likewise again, forget the lawyer top, thats 1 black sapir tenure and that means they are subject to being forcibly evict it at any time. One out of five generously are there today. In terms of the underlying systems to just grab you where we are, only 5 of the land is registered the way we would think a clear title and register property. 40 of people dont have documentation. So this documents are part of citizenship in the Land Registry and cadets are an insurgency of knowing who owns that land is an overwhelming issue and has been a problem. Then you get to the earthquake here at my picture is not as good as postearthquake pictures eric showed, but with physical damage on it to go through the political earthquake beyond buildings being destroyed. After the january earthquake there is a call for elections in may of 2010, five months later. Elections were held until november 2010 and that led to a stalemate because results were appropriately contested. There is a january benefit to placing it wasnt until may 2011 that the current president bush warning. That wouldve been good news for fender haiti law the president ran the country, but in fact its a Prime Minister bassist and. You need a Prime Minister to convene the other ministers and opposed until october 2011 the colony was sworn in as Prime Minister. I love kerry, but he lasted a total of four men can do this on the eight months ago about lamont was sworn in as Prime Minister. When the partner with the government, we need to know that the government is in the government is a group of people who positive only been in place for eight months. So when the person criticized at the New York Times justifiably did. I dont know one piece of data and it does not, but im ignorant on lots of things. Looking forward, we should have the hope it is only eight months with which weve been dealing with this government. In terms of what the problem is, ill focus on shelter briefly. There were 217,000, the status from the center of Economic Policy and research whose data i respect and this is data as of yesterday. They put out a report yesterday. 217,000 documented a 1. 5 million displaced because the earthquake. I completely agree with post numbers that it is more then ended up in the camps in the issues than just stunning. Three years later there are 358,000 people that remained intense. Ive heard both. Why would people still be intense . A lot of them from the picture and really, really poor urban slums before then, said the issue has been intractable when he for the earthquake. This is not to point fingers at how money has been spent, the 40 of the earthquake and this number is very conservative, but the earthquakes impact was on the housing set it. It wouldve been much larger had this been more organized as a country. So the fact it is rural and urban a space is, weve done work principally in late god and simone pillai, a dense, urban phone. Leah kanwar were able to make a little bit by tangible progress is a semi rural, agricultural community. The numbers of dead people were dealing with and the destruction is much, much larger, even though the Square Footage of the area is smaller. They did it at the center for Economic Policy and research has in terms of actual repairs is 18,700. So agaricus and 9000, more than half of the actual certified repairs. In terms of the number of houses, afghan data shows its 5911 new homes. Habitat has contributed to that, but theres a lot of new homes have not been dealt and the opportunity is great. I think we need to be realistic, which is data shows 110,000 transitional shelters built. I can tell you transitional shelters built thousands of them, that we built often better than a quality people were living in and we need to be realistic they are likely to be in us for five to 10 years. The shelter issue is not quite as dark as it could be. I couldnt do the calculation of 7. 5 divided relatively speaking not that much spent on rebuilding houses. In terms of terms of issues, stn slowing things down as i will say three times in the remarks come a tenure remains one of the most serious issues. It is an issue to housing, but always to a key issue to economic development. Ive been working with Clinton Global Initiative and forprofit partners in the truth of the matter is you cant get investors to come in and inviting donors. If they anchor portion of it is going to go for a land and you dont have search and see at the end of the day youre going to own the land. So its a huge, huge, huge issue. In terms of what has been done, what hasnt been done, i wanted to show the says white house since this government should be settled with, that is. This is a picture from one of her breed, written in the papers as being a mystery project. It was developed by the prior government. Three Prime Ministers ago and two president s ago designed as 3000 house unit. These pictures were taken by the National Direct care, claude judy because we had habitat were asked to come in after the project is designed and after it was built as family selection was beginning to work on support and try to provide Community Engagement work garrett was talking about and the work shes done and that i will share with you that weve been doing. That work hadnt been done in the design and implementation of this project. As you can see from the picture, we left the Rearview Mirror in here, not only couldnt crop the photo, but we wanted you to see in front of you there is nothing here, nothing surrounding these 3000 homes. If you talk about what we try to do working with communities, they need to be someplace where they can have a school. Any basic transportation. They need to have jobs. They dont have transportation. How would they get to the jobs crisis is 15 miles, the mice of the 1500 vials for whether people are. Its not a big surprise this 3000 Unit Development stands and deer are virtually empty as far as i know in habitat than others were not willing to take on management of it. What have we done . I am thrilled to say that the project precisely a kanwar president and mrs. Carter have come two years in a row to work with as to the vote will be 300 homes idv funded in the epicenter. The project im most excited replicates that eric was talking about in terms of his work, which is a significant slum upgrading project, taking on urban issues supposed to be focused on here. It affects 6000 families, 30,000 people. So not a. This is one side that puts that eric had at school. You can see up in the upper right is right next to see the military or because our work funded initially by the canadian government through two different grants, paid for Community Engagement and enumeration phase we had u. S. Government funds for this. They have gone through the world game and we are expending these and accountable for these 318 month contract, a contracting arm of the haitian government and we are pleased to be working with the haitian government to have this project and packing 6000 families, 30,000 people under contract with this government. Actually the plans for the project include taking what weve learned, Lessons Learned in taking it immediately south and west to sit in military. The work weve done so far has included Community Engagement, included job training at more than 8000 midi synth incised engineers theyre able to were the standard. Please let us call to to pass the approach, participatory approach to save shelter awareness. That is the standard that the red cross puts in for reselling in the reconstruction. The dense safety training. We have also done financial bloodthirsty training victim to need a training, basically taking entrepreneurs working in the community that we trained in teaching them how to be smallbusiness owners. Weve done it through those three little words on the bottom, Habitat Research centers. We think were doing a Strategic Plan and starting 2014, for its july 1, habitat beast or centers of the poor of how we do work around the world because we think you need a physical location in a community provides resources for Community Needs to help itself, rebuilding the building is incremental companys finances, take ecosystems. In its clarity on land rights, that doesnt need another u. S. Based volunteers to do the work. This is a Community Contracting success story. This is a small rub off on a street. Most of the time the alleyways are narrow consumers are still open. Its not a gorgeous place, but he picked a pretty sight for you. This is a site that shows the rubble. The next slide shows or community trained all building for themselves under contract with a new road and you see this kid running to school, ignoring all the building. Right here you see arose largely completed with the appropriate places on the side for the marking and sewer and curbs anonymous says. Were very excited and its exactly the same work eric is doing. Unfortunately, not a lot of ngos come in and believe i was superbike tech assistant and empowerment. Thats how habitat works around the globe. We were alone with her before propedurhabitat come a few other ngos in power in, but too many believed in the handout. Land reform remains intractable issue in this is where you get another of code. Some of you in the room were with me as i threw up my hands after 18 and are try to get clarity just for habitat to a planned. Email to a usaid when it should be building, but couldnt get clarity of ownership are trying to work on public or the partnerships. I spent 18 months talking to the smartest people in haiti and outside of haiti, that those committed to these issues and nobody had the answer. In total frustration i sent an email to the 24 people in this respect than this dialogue in all 24 said they would join and become part of this haiti property law working group. Started out as 24 and 2011 out of the kitchen. It ended up with more than 100 active participant, that the group of people who signed up and agree to be part of it. Please note includes six agencies of the haiti government. We wanted to do with them for the haiti government. Our work has been within a partnership throughout. At the very beginning and ursula knows this i threw up my hands and said we cant advise the surveyors in. They all have interests. Theyre going to sabotage. We will go to make progress and i would tell you the project we were on not only was blessed by the surveyors, but was written by them and has actually been endorsed by them and their association to help the system and make it funding that the training. We have multiple universities, law firms, private practice. We have multiple multilateralists. U. S. A. Present every meeting. I couldve done without chris ford and Danielle Pierre at every meeting. World bank at every meeting, oas was that almost every meeting. And they got a note and have been a big supporter. Weve been really, really fast. This icc is not an ngo initiatives. I mean, im a noisy angier person talking about it, but this is not an ngo should it and when we were escorted in september when he told donors to behave and theres a new code of conduct, i took the manual and put it in its place and have had a chance to show it to them yet. He knew it was coming, but it hadnt shown him the final product. Thats putting it on the same that one of his staff people said what is this . Acidic tomato does for the haiti government. Let me put it up. So he put up right in front of laurel. It is sitting there and gave us the right edict, way to collaborate and courtney. Halfway through the questionandanswer he said this is the example of Public Private coordination, cooperation we need to follow. So it is not an ngo initiative into the extent extent it goes anywhere, it will be because that ever was. It was in tourist and these are carefully negotiated because it had to go up the food chain in each of these organizations. But we did get endorsements from this wonderful organization. What have we learned . All go back to my first set of nodes, which is weve learned that the impossible can happen in haiti, including land rights work that im very, very proud of. It will only be good as the training that goes with this. Of. It will only be good as the training that goes with this. The French Version has been published that for the fact i couldnt be in haiti next week is going to have it distributed as part of the third anniversary. Advocate of the Prime Ministers office to have a small event in february to have this has the training material started. This manual is how to find the land. That helps donors and investors. The Second Annual under development and starting to work on a small faces on squatters rights, formalization of right and impacts people around the room. We believe that we should do that Second Annual and training on both. Land rights are possible in progress weve made it if you cant and should be hope of the battle. The second Lesson Learned is that has to be done with the government. The third major lesson is that has to be done to me put up or doesnt habitat is committed to do, which is supported and enabled by the people of haiti. These are my pictures and this is the showing of progress. The first lady or mr. November after the 16 announcement of getting relocations and this is for those of you that dont put a haiti all the time, these are the last cant speak for the airport. Some of the look familiar to some of you. The guy in the frontier has his apron on for being a backhander at the airport. In december you can see the camps had started to thin already. Orderly way, no devastation, no rampage and stuff like that. At the end of the january, the camp was in an orderly manner dismantled and then marched the land land had been restored. My favorite is the last slide and i hope this is not to dole from a distance that you cant see, but up on top there are these pink painted lines, stripes around the poles and association to take something and make a colorful. And association to a colorcoordinated graffiti at the bottom of the pool. The dishes progress and thats just from november 2011. The progress has been great. Ill end with this. I think you all know in 20 so ago, when its a great great haitian artists. This is his actual 1960 picture of the shock no harbor. If youre familiar with his later works, he had to move to imaginary cities because his own cities started to decline. But this is a great depiction of the color enjoyed that all of haiti should be and we can be part of taken it that way. Thank you. [applause] thanks so much, lives for that wonderful talk. Im sure you have sparked questions and many peoples minds and so i open the floor to comments or questions. Could you identify yourself . Wait for the microphone, identify yourself. Gennie picchu a friend American Foundation to thank you for both presentations. We tend to work in rural areas comes im happy to hear about urban environment and whats going on. Two questions for lives. I have recently chose to the ghostly the ghostly causa schemata was interesting is how communities are popping up across the street. Somewhat ironic that are in fact theres no services out there. Im wondering in the long term from its landing is, communities, huge communities in areas with little resources, what is the longterm plan for these communities that do also include sort of the dwellers to vent hopes for what they want to be living. Thats the first question. To bring services to them for help relocate again and how does that work . The second question i was sort of in knowing how you got to where you got to. I feel it in the spaghetti or is so often the government is not interested in addressing because theres so many entrenched and powerful interests. So im interested in knowing more about how you saw that movie forward. Ill answer your second question first because its a little easier, which is included around the table with the people who really entrenched interests, meaning one of the people on the list is a woman named martine ever seen. Shes an economic adviser to the established families in haiti and every single meeting that we had, we had transparent meeting notes. We have a representative of clyde, like a chamber of Commerce Group of business interests. We had capital one Capital Asset bank and we included in and around the table for centuries and are racers. Interestingly what they were most committed to its transparency and accuracy. They didnt care what we did as long as what it was with accurate and it took a darn long time to get 100 different people representing many institutions to agree on literally every word and then the translation in french and then getting up to sign off, including the last form of that michelle wanted to think about everything in the end. In terms of cutting off in bethlehem in the places out there, i know on the secondhand and i would tell you not from policy is, what i believe i heard from government officials that i believe it the effective and thinking about strategies for good forward. There were 70,000 people that have settled their at the very least. For this service, schools, transportation hubs. This Industrial Park not all that far. As some of the park being put in, a Waste Treatment Center they are in this interestingly at the intersection where people go back to the Central Plateau one way and they go to the beach the other way. So its a very visible area. One of the most hopeful projects being top that is to provide a slab in some very basic sites and services so that families could essentially have the very first start for which they would pay some thing and then they would know themselves, build for themselves. When habitat has discussed and catcher who is out there doing enumeration of david emilys. But habitat pasternak and recommended this to work with ngos like us, set up a Research Center in and around communities. The 70,000 isn the 70,000 isnt one homogeneous community. Figure out where communities are. The Resource Center somewhere so when something is built it is not islam being built, but seismically sensible, the lot lines clearly debated. Go ahead and use that as a pilot please to put the cadastral or some other land legislation system in place. There are ways of taking notes on the in the making and turning it into a self built incremental building project, recognizing that the multiyear horizon. So people supporting the 3000 houses will not be satisfied a base, but ngos and private citizens would be interested supporting an Initiative Like that. Did you have any comments on building a Sustainable Community or should be going to the next ashamed . Okay, here in the front. Thank you, Johanna Mendelson the sis. Asking about one of the issues you raise, i first progression, one of the major portals that has to be overcome, how did this group of your Property Rights look at that because in the short term that seems to be one of the more viable ways to get title ii people and was there any approach to trying to do with that, especially in rural areas where you might have a better chance of tracking people than in urban areas. Excellent question. When you see the menu, you will see its volume one. Volume two is intended as i mentioned the formula station regularization and will include issues about dispossession. I will be straightforward assignment irrepressibly i have to say that we delayed, we have all the Research Done on most of the Research Done. We delayed Going Forward publishing our views collect only for aligning views collectively at first collection until the government was in place and until the government could decide exactly how it was going to behave, whether it is going to modify the law. It didnt seem sensible top of the sun myself, to announce that the adverse possession requirements are innovatively demonstrate what had been done in the past have either not been done illegally or had been done really illegally. Having said that, we are actively working with the government by making clear what this next manual says. There are legitimate ways for the government to acquire the land and have the land go to individual citizens, but without amending the law, it actually needs to be through rent to own released on process. Its a multiyear process. We need to make sure for iniquities with that, but we didnt have time to do that in the time frame of coming up with the first manual. The second answer then asked by arnaud in the room is about the president ial Advisory Commission is working to spur growth and investment and its private sector and president clinton cochairs say. Weve been asked to help write the new law, both based upon this manual, get the quick wins identified here and to work on not writing the new law, for making policy recommend nations based upon the group. So i started out and for several folks if she still lives, when we had our first conversation, i came i came to services that first progression. Its not that simple and among other things its very hard to decrease land in haiti that has been owned by the government, even in its private land holding. So the law needs really to be changed in order to have that be an effective tool. Thank you. We have time for one or two questions before i release you for your coffee. Any other questions or comments . Yes. Thank you famous for both your presentation. Public policy scholar. A question to those of you if you will. Ms. Lake, you said your organization has been working in haiti for 27 years. Im not sure about your foundation, how long its been working there. So what has changed . 27 years seems to me like a very long time. It seems like regina in the same issues again they probably thought was 15 years ago. What has changed . What are the prospects for progress now that werent there in the past . Thank you. For 30 years. The d. Idea for sectors is it on . First time in the sector we did work in the sector, but we trained a lot of people to help them how to plan and how to do anything better. And though work on the sector . Human race. And for now, we work in the sector of repair system. But we try to trust people. For instance, like i said, we trained a lot of contractors because its not only fair, but a matter to the people of india spoke we do. Maybe we will work on another sector, i dont know after she years. But for us, its a matter of transfer. Every time we work in the sector, our strategy is the same. I was supplemented by saying with respect to habitat, habitat is a Christian Ministry that was designed initially to be rural and is very much to partner with a particular family in a particular community to have the family work to build his own home. The houses that we build with the families, the families the south, sometimes its volunteers came with a mortgage and we have long supported both the empowering of the families and the issue of homeownership. What is different now is first of all it is a disaster. The second is we have shifted and are committed to being its effect is far more effective in the urban context than just a rural. The third is that we have moved over the last 27 years to be working with communities, so thats a singlefamily. We very much, like eric, worked to transfer expertise and knowledge. Over time, we actually see our role in the building process to be less and less significant and werent in the enabling Community Level of the resources for incremental building. Haiti has terrible issues, but if you go anyplace, nobody ever finishes any aim. Less so with fewer resources. What we want to do is adapt so that we can help hundreds of thousands of families with this incremental building and overtime also committed as you can see to the land rights work in in 20 plus countries on land rights issues and we believe you can impact millions of families if they can help get clarity around the ownership of land for secure tenure at based. Okay, gentleman over here. Thank you. My name is Dominic Charles from the haiti found. A question for habitat for humanity. I know working on an ambitious project doing research on the system in haiti with funding from the work bank. I know it was hard to their case study. I would like to know in terms of ngo court nation, are you taking that into account the research of them being and to popular belief that the issue but it comes to land in haiti is the son of the flies. There are too many. Sometimes that is not really true. One other thing they mentioned that i know is if you are able to live in a land for 25 years and never be challenged, if you could prove that, you own it. This historical idea to explain that. Working on Land Registry and all participated as member of the law group from the beginning. They not want to take sides with one donor or one Government Agency or another working on the issue. We want to further all systems what we try to do is make sure that the work we were doing would align with whatever the external efforts have been. In terms of the Property Rights, the second manual, which i said is under development, is specifically to document and address that issue. There are, at five, ten, fifteen, and twenty years there are various rights to residency on the land that accrue to the people who have been there and not displaced on challenged. And what we want to do in the next manual, just like this which is really to some exattendant boring document. It sets out the we want to set out the same custom mare and boring statement what the law is. The purpose for doing that, at least in my part, is that people can take the tool and if contested if somebody comes in and says, i own this land, get off. They have a tool to say, well, actually no you dont. And if they havent done the steps they could do to further their security by filing various documents or paying taxes or whatever. They have plenty of knowledge and firsthand knowledge about what they need do to protect themselves again, since haiti is 37 urban. The chances of getting clarity on land rights is not insurmountable problem. Most people dont know their rights are. This project started based upon a project. On the inheritance rights and ownership of land. We put together a training manual and all of a sudden the laws became selfenforced. And very much hoping the second manual plus training will be able to do this and the budget we put together would include radio spots and tv talk shows and things like that. And the training materials even for this one has been translated to korea creole. We want the learning to be as successful as possible. I think question continue this dialogue in the coffee break. I do thank everyone for the great work they are doing. What else needs to be done. What is different, i think, to answer your question, attention to the here and and now. In the disaster. We live in real time but commitment to stimmic change and greater social cohetion coupled with economic development. With that i ask you please to join me in thanking our panelists and invite you to coffee. [applause] [inaudible conversations] were going begin our second portion of the program, and were very privileged to have two very distinguished presenters today, and we will have, i hope, a similarly robust and interesting dialogue following their remarks. And they are two people who probably need no introduction to you. I welcome ambassador thomas adams. Appointed in ten 2010 and brought back to the state department to take on this challenging role following a thirtyfive year career of distinguished service. He has focused a lot on the management of foreign assistance, and i know when i first met him, he said, well, he knew very little about haiti. Essential not directly when he took on the role. I would say that he is among the most knowledgeable people right now about the challenges and wonderful opportunities before haiti. Also great privilege to welcome and introduce assistant secretary general of the organization of american states, ambassador albert. And held the role of assistant secretary general in 2005, and has in that capacity, has played a very active role with respect to haiti, and has a great commitment to that country having lead Many Missions there post earthquake as well as preearthquake. He chairs the american friends of haiti, which is helped to mobilize resources and help to provide support to the government of haiti as it seeks to reconstruct and renew. So well follow the same to malt as in the last group. Well have remarks by each of them. Then we will have a discussion and questions and answers. We will i will invite ambassador adams. Thank you very much, judith, and to the foundation for inviting me here today. Im pleased to chair the podium with this ambassador. One of the good things come out of the focus on haiti after the earthquake has been the tighter embrace of haiti by countries in the hemisphere and albert has been responsible for spearheading much of that. Its been a great pleasure working with him as well. The third anniversary of the earthquake is a few days away, and we cant forget the losses that country suffered, but all have been impressed by the energy and determination with which the people of haiti have worked to rebuild. The United States has been a broad partner of the haitian lead efforts. I want to take a few minutes here to briefly review some of what we working with them and others at the International Community have accomplished. But i also want to look forward noting the department of chiefs and last anniversary of the earthquake and what it means for haitis future. I will be brief. I do want to leave time for questions and answers. I find thats the most interesting part of the sessions, in many cases. To really hear from you. There was good news out of hay any 2012. I think on a number of fronts. They showed progress in politics, governance, rule of law, public security, growth and investment, public health, energy and infrastructure. The year just passed was a year of increased momentum in these areas. The president and parliament enacted historic amendments to 1987 constitution. These ration paved the way for greater participation of women in haitis public life and created Institutional Council to rule on questions of institutional law regulations and administrative acts. Through democratic give and take, the amendments are now law. In late december, haitis three branches of government reached agreement for accomplishing a permanent electorial council to put the calendar back on track. Ever since the post constitution, this has been a real problem for haiti on having a permanent electorial council. While they will have a one more semitransitional Electoral Council it will pave the way for the permanent ones. In the rule of law, the president took significant steps in filling vacancy on the supreme court. He stood up superior council of the judiciary to ensure judicial independence, and he convened on president ial commission to shepard modern criminal codes through the legislative process. Theres also have been significant improvement in security for haitians. The haitianal Police Statistics indicated a modest but real drop of in crime overt course of the year. The drop accelerated at the end of the year as they broke up several kidnapping rings. The Haitian National police has graduated new cadet and much larger classive cadet are scheduled to begin training in a few month paps greater political certainty and security. They had a positive impact on the Growth Perspective through gdp growth was a fairly anemic 2. 5 in 2012. Flow of Public Private investment in haiti which is expected to reach 2. 1 billion this year will surpass foreign aid. Foreign direct investment will surprise 170 million that have total. Haiti exported 18 million in apparel to the u. S. Up from 350 ,000 the previous year. They have been significant improvements in health care. We know the cholera open deepic. The hospitalized case rate below 1 . When which is the International Standard for cholera control. Haiti has done well compared to almost any other country. The hiv epidemic stablized. Which meant most hiv positive people were staying alive. Thanks to the availability of the hiv treatment. And in 2012 the haitian authorities working with the partners successfully rose to the challenges of numerous weatherrelated disasters, the Emergency Response capability of the haitian government have been greatly strength end and purchased wellly well in the recent disasters. No one and certainly not me denies much work remains to be done in haiti. The positive indicators from 2012 are welcome and reflect the focus efforts of a haitianleader partnership with the u. S. And others in the International Community. I think liz pointed out earlier, we do have greater engagement by the new government now theres president , and Prime Minister in place. And that was lacking prior to that. Let me just take a few minutes now to highlight some of the u. S. Contribution to helping haiti, and i think perhaps one of our greatest successes was our support for fair and free elections in 2010 and 2011. This parp partnership was a taffy pool. There was, frankly, a pretty wellorganized and wellfunded effort to steal the elections. That paved the way for the reestablishment of all three branches of government, and with Capacity Building including the provision of experts to work within the government of haiti, and the provision of temp rare they have been able to lead more effectively in effort to combat crime. The Emergency Responses to the hurricane and Tropical Storm isaac and sandy. They are doing a better job of collecting taxes. And this administration has really done a lot to tackle houses shortages, promote direct investment and expand basic services for haitians. Immortality administration has made provisional electricity an Emergency Action that they are focusing on. U. S. Aid helped the government. Probably the biggest problem with the Electricity Generation is that very few people pay for the electricity. Thats about a a whole in the budget from 100 to 200 million. Frankly. And industry. And theres a terrific discussion of the problems and shelter earlier, and, you know, removing i think if you havent been to portauprince recently the thing that will strike you as they pointed out the rubble is almost all gone from downtown. You see the far suburbs. And the tents especially the tents around the airport and other places theyre gone. They asked for a redoubling effort to get rid of the its last tent camps and weve moved money around in that regard. But i think the progress is visible. The other thing there was an embargo in building in portauprince by the prior mayor. And so while you saw rubble removed you didnt see the new construction going up. That has been changed since and youll see a lot of construction now in downtown portauprince. The government of haiti removed a significant amount as well. On shelter we helped over 65,000 we built about a third of those. A third of the so they can host people, and i think that getting people out of tent camps didnt follow the original script we imagined. But i think a lot of people felt we would go to permanent housing sooner. But it turned out that the hosting was really the biggest way of getting people out of tent camps. The camps and it involves using the [inaudible] if 02 looking at the cost of building houses at 30,000 each thats 15 billion. So, you know, theres still a huge need out there. We need to find keep looking for Innovative Solutions in the housing world. The United States is starting constructing housing now. The next five settlement of 1400 houses where we have done the engineering designs and the environmental study and the water well test, et. Cetera, contender launched shortly. We have developed these with a different set of partners including the american red cross. I think theres a lot of people working on permanent housing. I think thats the wave of the future. In finance we partnered with the existing bank, credit union and other credit lenders to provide credit guarantee. They needs goods and services. It its hard for an entrepreneurer to get loans out of the bank and were trying to make it easy requester for them to get capital and helping the government to pass new laws to make it easier to register a new business. To Loan Officers can process requests to support, you know, 21. 7 million in loans, which we have dispersed to over 6 ,000 businesses. I think earlier it was a good question on agricultural. Youre right the 60 percent of haitians live in the country side. And if youre look at Economic Perspective for haiti, they really lie in three areas, i think industry, which we have made investment in, tourism, which certainly across the board Dominican Republic 60 is based on or it rich. Theres no reason haiti has the very interesting history and culture cant grow. The tourism industry. But agricultural is a challenge. The agricultural growth has averaged 0. 1 . Almost no growth in agricultural productivity. At the same time the population doubled. The result as said earlier as over half the food gets imported every year. So while i dont think haiti will be a big agricultural exporter. They export some crops. In the water shed areas which have already shown great increase of productivity for haitian farmers. Education another huge change. Half are ill let rate. And we after the earthquake united to develop and test a structure model in over 300 schools in Early Literacy basically Early Childhood reading. And people often call me and write articles in the New York Times and others indicating why would you spend your money. Thats a handicap. So, you know, its very important to start there with the cspj. They also want help setting up a sort of a process to vet their judges. Some estimates they need to review haitian judges. Theres corruption among some of them. Some are not qualified to be judges dont have law degrees and et. Cetera. We have been renovating correction facilities and are going to build two jails. One a womans prison and one a mans prison. I think the biggest human Rights Problem is pretile where Something Like 80 of the people in prison have never been before a judge. They may have stolen that chicken five years ago. They would have gotten three months or fine or something. One thing that will help that is the new change in the criminal code which we hope to see on the legislative agenda this year. Haiti needs lots of things. The thing they need most is jobs and economic development. Theres not enough donor money to fix everything. To do they they need infrastructure and were working with very good partner. The i cant praise them enough for a great job they are doing in haiti. They try to target that for the Construction Industry text tile industry, and others. Were doing a holistic approach. Which we have done, but, you know, without the health facility. The housing so we are renovate ing were going hear from albert. [applause] good morning. And [inaudible] i was the i want to thank [inaudible] for organizing this. I think its event. Sharing the podium with he knows and if you have any doubt about haiti [inaudible] thank you very much. I was thinking what shall i talk about . What message i can give. You have heard this morning about the [inaudible] i followed some of the discussions in the panel, and ambassador adams not many countries in the world have so many challenges at the same time and a government expected to deliver on them in several time at the same time. Economic challenges, environmental challenges, political issues. Nobody has those at the same time. The realities need to be on [inaudible] they need to be recognized. Theres an expectations that many things will happen. I dont believe in miracles. Takes time to create a foundation for development, i think as mentioned earlier, theres government which came on the platform of change, i think its building a more on the Solid Foundation for the change to manifest i. T. Regretfully not all issues get the tangible results and it creates frustration. I think there are many things happening. [inaudible] we should realize im indicating the [inaudible] i look at haiti. No country none of the rich ones [inaudible] are capable of responding to disasters like these easily. Every single country will have great difficulty overcoming those. A country which already has challenges on the capacity to deliver on the economic progress. It becomes more difficult. We have to realize that. We think from the perspective of our own communities. Our own organized regularly communities. I see it happening. I have examples on [inaudible] comparing it with the country. Thats the wrong perspective. Its not the right way. You have to keep the haitian reality on the ground in mind. Of the haitian government i. T. It will not only require the vision or what it will require really is that is something which we have to work on. Education is going to be key in that process. [inaudible] we dont want to speak them often. We think its domestic politics. It is a strong impediment to sustain Economic Growth. We dont deal with the issues. Im frank about this. I consider that it is important that we keep that in mind there is need for a mind set change and attitude change in haiti as well as within the International Community. The organization of american states is very much [inaudible] the capacity of haiti and facilitating political stability and governance and the ministry to deliver. I think that is the first and foremost important feature of any economy is you need to politically stable environment. [inaudible] this government had domestic issues to with. As mentioned before they have been dealing with them. Maybe it took longer than what we would have wished but they have been dealt with in a way. We have no provisional Electoral Council or semiprofessional term youment to use. But the if the elections can be prepared. They stand ready to assist in the process. Thats critically important to continue as a process is of economic development. Addressing the other issues for which a government is elected and the issues in term of the relationship of the parliament between the executive and the parliament. And assist the government in the program. We spoke about our dated legislation. [inaudible] those things need to happen as well. We are pleased that in 2012, the Prime Minister launched the coordination of [inaudible] for development. That was another sore point in who has no leadership, the ownership of the Development Programming . I think it brings us today after three years after the difficult election. Thats an important future we should ability of the haitian authority to take judge on the own future. One of the key point made in the [inaudible] in montreal. Thirty days after the 2010 when they met and ill come back to that. I think those parameters have been [inaudible] they remain critical today. This was number one on the list. Haitian ownership. Haitian leadership. And i think it is we have to put more emphasis on. Im happy with the coordinating framework. I hope it will be the useful and meaningful dialogue [inaudible] and the haitian authority. I think we should continue supporting that and strengthening that. They need the support to make it more professional and at least the initiative has been taken. Theres another element i want to put in the outlook for haiti itself. The caribbean community. I think its a unique opportunity to demonstrate the ability and political terms. You are capable of leading a 1415 Member State Group of [inaudible] to highlight the opportunity that are there. The opportunities which they feel need to be emphasized. I have looked at haiti not as a country of a crisis but country of opportunity. My perspective is an opt every country has problems. We need to be very optimistic and positive about haiti. Having said this, i dont want to go if to what was my second point is to speak about [inaudible] what they have been doing. Let me highlight where we have been active. Ly limit the detail to that. Let me observe it was no [inaudible] in my view no other period in the relationship with haiti and [inaudible] with the high level of commitment. Politically in term of solidarity and haiti has never experienced such a strong eximent. I always talk about its not going to be an unlimited opportunity of making good using of the window is something which we have emphasized. I think we come to an end of that window. Of opportunity. They have their own difficulties. Im realistic. [inaudible] we have freezing new resources to haiti. We have heard about challenges which the community is experiencing. We have to salute the assistance provided by international organizations, by countries to the United States, canada, and geoglobal and smaller ones, everybody but thats not going to continue. We have to be realistic about both. There will be continued [inaudible] the extend to which this assistance will continue westbound im sure its going to be limited. I see the problem in the other countries also. And they will be a diversion of that process. Thats being realistic. I want to be [inaudible] for the work youve been doing. Your relationship with haiti has been long standing i think much longer than any other in the room. It was not only post earthquake but lock before that. Your approach has been one which i think has been the best practice because you work with community and the people on the ground, in the, you know, very personally involved in the process. I think thats a approach. Thats where you make the difference. That is what the haitian people want is a difference in the personal life. Thats sometimes disappoint comes. Many the marc economic changes and the checks and balances put in place and all of that. We cant expect change in the pocket. They want to see improvement in their life. A house, the school, the children going school. [inaudible] partnership on the board of development department. I think thats another stunt we can demonstrate with the haitian authorities with the Haitian Party with the local representative with [inaudible] and organization of the [inaudible] everybody involved can create peace where Economic Prosperity can take place and both the population of the [inaudible] and prevent some of the things that happened from happening again. [inaudible] the haitian authority with their own partner. I the only thing i hope we do not lose the gains which we have made. What i have achieved over the past year. The structure put in place its not going to be [inaudible] that would be a bad story. The project for canada, and for the u. S. I would hope whoever continue the project would recognize theres a system in place. [inaudible] its a project not successfully continued. We have the capacity to the recommending industry. We have 41 officers which can be used for the [inaudible] how many people in the country, where they live, what the needs are. How many children. Where to plan for schools and that. [inaudible] its not only a revenue tool but its a development tool. This is what i think should be dressed in the stressed in the case of haiti. We provide a lot of Technical Assistance in many areas whenever we have the expertise. A bit more security and mandate of the United Nations but in security in civil protection, and in firearms marking. With the support of the United States government, project which are [inaudible] but certainly in the case of haiti i think helps mitt mitigate the security environment and then in education. For me education is key. We provide through little small project to haiti in term of after School Training and teacher train and scholarship. [inaudible] we are getting the u. S. Can be helpful. He [inaudible] a lot of sport. I was informed yesterday at the state level in brazil the minister of the state of rio is going to provide resources through the [inaudible] programming. For after School Training. Theres lot of interests. We need to mobilize them. [inaudible] the role in [inaudible] in term of facilitating and strengthening the governance structure, the capacity i would be building but also election observation. I believe are key in terms of the facilitating the next steps of Economic Growth and social development. So what needs to be done to build back haiti better . My last two points here. I think we should focus on continued to accompany the current Haitian Administration in fostering a political environment. With that a lot of things wont happen. We should continue to urge on the responsibility for all social [inaudible] in haiti and political players to reach comprise when necessary for the greater good of haiti. Off as we see in many countries the [inaudible] thats fine. In the country like hazy times haiti times you need the political approach so everybody looks in the same distribution and the vision is only going to be a negative have a negative impact on the development. This is one the stability political environment. Haiti has this is a gain which is often forgotten. They a strategic vision. [inaudible] thats major gain. They did not have a plan. The government has a plan. It came from the previous government. There is a plan. Theres strategic visits vision what we need priorities and its going to be impossible. [inaudible] i want to add to the healthy educate people often [inaudible] the third is the political will and vision i said already not enough. We need a one which will be continued so that this is trust and confidence in the leadership. Government to be seen being charge in the Development Process of the growth. [inaudible] by and the political commitment to [inaudible] to work on app project like that. I briefly mentioned the issue about the inclusive approach. I think its important to have all involved in the discussion at least in a dialogue on the distribution which the country is going. [inaudible] to collectively work toward tackling the main challenges. Because challenges will always be there. You need everybody in society, again, to look in the same distribution. For that you need to put in place [inaudible] for dialogue. Whether the university, the media, trade union, business community, these are stakeholders which are critical. In todays world. Its not only elected officials that governor. Its the whole society that governors. [inaudible] just having them is not enough. There will be a need to enforce them and enforce them very strongly. Its often not and maybe they need updated. Im not a specialist. If they need to be updated. Fine. I spoke already about the commitment of the [inaudible] to be behind it. [inaudible] education on the risk on where to build and not build is also important. Following education we need provide incentives to do build [inaudible] and the Banking Sector needs to be enforced. Discount on loan if you build in compliance with building code. Its god to help and maybe the International Community can help in this. It doesnt make sense to wait until another disaster happens and we have the same issue. I think in term of the more structure approach to what urban development is maybe a contrary develop the areas, and mitigate the migration from the rural areas to the city. These central decision of Services Also something which will be high on the agenda. [inaudible] i it doesnt make sense to get everything in portauprince. But also to have other places you can have services. Let me close with saying this. Im optimistic. I think we should remain optimistic and remain engaged. I think once you make a first step to assist a country, we knew upfront it was going to be a long haul. Its not ten years. Its longer than that. We should commit to continue to that. The u. S. Is committed to that. We know that a lot of progress has been made. What i think should be done because, yes, the media speaks on issues which are not untrue. Those are realityistic disappointment in terms of experiences from individual haitians. But i think what is important to reach out and share the good stories also. The progress which has been made needs to be taught. I think we among ourself because reentreesed know that. But theres a wider audience there which needs to be informed about the progress. I think i would urge ever organization to tell your story to the media and to others much more so that can be covered also. And im again saying that many have not seen the tangible improvement in the personal life as yet. I think the foundation is being set. Theres some challenges, which i think we need to be aware of and continue to be alert. The cholera issue, we should [inaudible] they are doing a great job many monitoring that. I think its important to be aware of it and not to [inaudible] its still an issue. For security following the devastation of the two storms, the 60 percent damage to the agricultural sector. Theres the possibility it not handled well that in a couple of months time. Theres a security issue. With the food price going up or not being [inaudible] that can create a distractions. [inaudible] which can be have an impact on governor and security. We have to keep in mind, i think the government is aware of that. [inaudible] the elections im pleased things have fallen in to place. Its acceptable for now. They are ready to assist in that process. As an International Commune toy adjust or approach and be critical of our ourselves and learn from the experiences. There is need for a reflection and assessment. Maybe [inaudible] three years assistant to haiti and see what is the best way to do things and how not to do it. And i want to recall here and ill close there were six [inaudible] discussed in on the 25th of jab in 2010 in montreal about haiti. One as i mentioned before ownership, haitians own their future. Im happy to see that the [inaudible] by the haitians themselves to give content to that. We will work together. Theres a lot that still need to be done in terms of working together. Building sinry and sinner. Between the different unit working with [inaudible] on creating development. I think those things are important. Then [inaudible] that will be there for they for a longterm. I think that commitment whether we feel disappointed or not should continue. Effectivenesses, there are questions about how effective it has been. Again, the positive stories are there but they need to be told. I think that is what we need to repeat all the time. [inaudible] not only from the International Community but also [inaudible] the last one accountability that assistant process will be accountable. That is one which goes back to the report which need to be given back to the [inaudible] thats a greater realistic obligation, i believe. So if we assess the relationship them over the parameter, i think we can draw important lesson from when can learn and make life for haitians better and continue that process. [inaudible] i thank you very much. [applause] thank you your insightful comment and optimism and grounding in the reality that face us all. I think we have time only for a few questions before we have to conclude. But i do invite anyone who has a question for either ambassadors or both to present them. Could we have microphone, please . If you could identify yourself, that would be great. Dear budgetary limitations that are coming this year. How do you see the United States government reacting or how it is a plan allocate funds, you know, will that have any effect on whats going on in the future . Sure. Is this on . Yeah, you can hear me. Okay, good. Canada i talk to canadians of the time. There could partners and the new conservative government is revealing a to a lot of countries, including haiti. But they are continuing projects that a verdict and approved and funded them to have a long pipeline. So you know, i think maybe a little bit too much has been made of their stopping in haiti. Theres no evidence their stopping in haiti. They are reassessing their work, which is fine. With regard to the United States, i dont see any real change in keeping haiti a priority. It is a priority of the Obama Administration and he was reelected, number one. Number two, half of all American Families gave money for haiti after the earthquake. Every town in america has said the group to work down there and it seemed the challenges in haiti and have an appreciation for them and are supportive of our health. This broad bipartisan support in the congress for haiti over the years. So while sort of secretary clinton and some of her ease have been passionate about haiti, i think that will continue. Youll still be stuck with me, but the way, for a while. [laughter] any other comments or questions . Okay, one of her daring than i will turn it over to blair for concluding remarks. Thank you. Match. Just a question, in lot of emphasis not only in reports about eight to haiti and some the failures and assistance to other countries really emphasize the deficit of local knowledge on the part of International Americans who go there to help with the best of intentions. So its very difficult to practice local ownership of those going there to work on the ground dont have a fairly sit instigated knowledge of the place theyre trying to help. Subquestion is littered with severe organizations doing in terms of recruiting people who knew the language, culture, et cetera and setting them before they are sent to, in this case, haiti. Thank you. Actually, my deal is he answers the tough questions than i did the easy ones. But ill take a stab at this. A couple of challenges here. One, we are looking haiti got a lot of a lot of organizations have been working there that have attacked anothers have been working there for many years. I think theres a good mix here. One is that there is no ngo that works in haiti that doesnt have a reason to build local capacity as fast as possible. It keeps money to keep in expatriate worker in haiti for a year. Thats the reality. Its much, much more Cost Effective to train haitians. One obstacle is very suspect haiti is in the spring trained country in the world. The bank estimates 84 of patients with Higher Education that in montreal or nature zero miami. So that is a challenge. There isnt some areas a thin expertise pool in haiti. When usaid and others look for expertise, obviously haitianamerican are active bidders and so are others. I dont think thats as big a problem to get people down there who know whats going on. The other problem i think existed frankly until recently instigation of the haitian side. This is a haitian lead reconstruction. It is not one imposed by yasser habitat for humanity and imperialism. But you have to have haitian partners to engage on the other side to give their input and for a long time we didnt get much of that. I think recently weve seen freedom prevent him not. Theres some very good haitians working on this. They still have challenges in that area. I think one of the results is their own government needs and they are taking a look at that. They need to strengthen their own governmental capacity and thats a huge challenge and theyll send me to decentralizing me on that bet. Theres considerable pressure to do that with the parliamentarian. I think it being in a democracy. Did answer your question . Two things in addition to what tom was saying. One is when ngos would want to operate in haiti or a sister through thursdays, ways of coming to know the local circumstances. To the oas authors. I cannot knew which would not he underestimated because our experts in haiti can assist in indicating what the priorities are, the government use work with the established organizations in haiti. That is taking the best source. They are already settled in haiti. The other thing is on the haitian side, through this new mechanism of dialogue, but also coordination, and the elements ngo engagement is important that haitian authorities manage that on their own touch better in terms of understanding whos going to assist the haitian people, but also to direct them, to guide them where they can operate so they gain a little knowledge of the situation on the ground. It doesnt make sense to me than ngos to operate in haiti. I think it is good used to do in the right way. I hope this mechanism will get a better registration of ngos said the authorities can also say we are involved in direct in this process. I have seen some failures in the sense in the past years. That should not happen. The commitment is very much appreciate the solidarity of all who want to hope that the local level to assist the haitian people. Thank you very much. Im sure we could continue for quite a while. I really think this has been inspiring and very important discussion. I will not turn in to her beautiful picture of haiti, past, present and future to bring us to a close. Thank you. Judith, to summarize the meeting, its difficult because it is a rich meeting with both the points made to be emphasized and also heading over time. So im going to give myself 10 minutes and not get as far as i can get and then ill wrap up at that point. There is a think a number of lessons that come out of what weve heard and seen how to in haiti over the last three years. Lessons for haiti and all of us in this room. One is theoretical discussions about postdisaster relief and economic development. Theres a password making the rounds, resilience. Resilience is clearly important, but we we also hear today is resilience of what . Because if its the bad things that are resilient, that i really really moving ahead of the game . I think what becomes very clear in all presentations today isnt thinking about postdisaster relief, one needs to think about how to harness resilient of local societies for change. It is not simply have to rebuild what was there before, either in the fiscal structure of the society or a political and economic infrastructure. Now to do so requires an element, which were very excited thinking about, time. Over and over again i think each of the speakers raise questions about the importance of time. The importance of sequencing and trying to understand what it takes to accomplish something in a very complex situation. Ambassador said we cant sprint to the finish line. If indeed the move to the point that were beginning to address big issues of a stable political system, and improved institutional environments, land rights, rugova, judicial reform, none of those changes will happen overnight. Its very hard for people to assume hell have to to answer to elect officials or two for us to direct jurors, who were saying, show me the results. Its hard for us to come to terms with the fact that the engagement of habitat for humanity for 27 years in haiti may be a very brief moment in time, not a long moment of time. We need to begin to highlight the time dimension of what is happening. And that links to another theme, which came through throughout the proceedings today. We need to try to develop develop appropriate unattainable standards of success. The 10,000 homes in 65,000 family people housed is an accomplishment . Yes, it is an accomplishment, but it doesnt seem like an accomplishment if you think about 2 million displaced people. Lifetime, when we think about what we mean about success, we have to operate several Different Levels and we cant find ourselves staring at his project only produce 10,000 homes for 65,000 people when there are 2 Million People who were displaced. But we have to think about is what is the initiate in with the ripple effects accumulation that come from those homes. And this gets to another point, which is we really need humility. This is probably the most difficult thing for people who become energized to go out and address problems have to come to terms with. Humility. The task of rebuilding haiti by definition is going to take more than three years because youre not just rebuilding the physical destruction of that moment, horrific as it was. Yourself tediously having to address a whole range of questions, which are rooted in place and context. So to come in and say they have a silver bullet. With 10,000 ngos. We have the answers. Its all going to turn around a one. Really i think goes to another to that experience is not just in the situation, but many places around the world and leads to all Service Initiative and how we come to terms that thats happening. And this leads to a point, which has been commented on by everybody. And this comes from my old soviet experience. You cant successfully plan the life of others unless the other people are involved. Whatever happens has to be inclusive. And it does have to be inclusive of the entire society. It has to include those who normally dont have voice, but it also has to include those who have had too much voice because unless the kinds of huge transformations that everybody in this room scene is necessary, it cant happen unless everyone is empowered and that means that theres a long hard slog ahead in terms of institutional and political reform. So should we despair . Do we have to believe in miracles to believe that haiti is going to be a better place in a generation . I think not and i think this really goes to how we think about the world. If we send them anything less than having portauprince become copenhagen will be failure, this is going to fail. But if we think of 50 years in and about the kinds of cities and communities in the world that will be shaping the world of the 21st century, that will be producing answers to 20 or century problems, maybe portauprince is a much better place to look in copenhagen. We need to understand that truly historical events are by definition low probability outcome, that historical events happen. Low probability outcomes have been and we have future upon the knowledge to keep in mind that its not just about rebuilding. Its about rebuilding better than rebuilding better is possible. I wrote a history of washingtons use three and in 1868, the neighborhood was destroyed and there is lots and lots of effort to put you street together again. It actually came very close to it plantar strain, a megaproject and when it did not do, everyone involved had to fall back on the steps for little feet. Building a building renovation kinds of projects we heard about. Lo and behold, here we are 25, 30 or slater in the complaint is histories to successful. I hope the emulation of the Small Projects that he saw, which seems small, particularly when one tests take a look at the scale of the problem. I hope we are reminded, maybe when some people here gather to mark the 25th or 30th anniversary of the 2010 earthquake, that would have had to miss the accumulation of meaningful, small steps to the point of meaningful qualitative change. If we think about the challenges that way, we can think about ways in which we can take progress in understanding impossible to rebuild better. Thank you. [applause] that was great, blair. Thank you for being such great participants. Thank you. [applause] hopkins could read the president s news unlike anyone else. He came as close to anyone is gaining admittance into a rubber sherbet called roosevelt heavily forested interior. Unlike mrs. Roosevelt, he knew when to be still in the presence of the president , went to press for only two back off until he choked. After he won the election, Wendell Wilkie uep was in the office and they remain friends. Wilkie said to the president , why do you keep that man so close to you . Wilke did not like hopkins and the suicide, you know, you may be in this Office Someday and youll understand, but he asks for nothing except to serve me. The Inspector General overseeing reconstruction efforts in dances the u. S. Risks losing billions of dollars thought proper oversight. John hopkins cited several examples of event washington at the same time afghan President Hamid karzai met with top obama officials at the white house. This is just under an hour. [applause] thank you very much in thank you for everyone showing up this afternoon. These are very generous, and and im honored to be here today at the stimson center, an institution named for an inspired by a man who helped guide the nation through some of the most difficult challenges weve ever faced. In an organization that i remember calling upon for pagan and assistance on many occasions, particularly when i was working for sam nunn, who had the pleasure to work with for 17 years. I remember spending a field office, north of dupont circle, many a day talking to. And make any team of experts on proliferation issues, loose nukes, chemical and biological warfare issues. So its a Great Institution and its an honor to come back here. This only makes it the second time theyve been to your new office and its fantastic. Little did i know two months ago, approximately two months ago when and i got together and talked about this, how good stimson was. And it really is today, i realize how good they are. Two months ago when we picked the state out of the bulletin, little did i know that it would be too weak that a certain price and from a certain country would be in town. I remember conversations on line, saying its going to be an informal gathering them in just a few of us will get together hear acc stands in a lot of faces of people i know and not of the government. So i new you were good, and your background, but i didnt know how good you were bill until today. All kidding aside, it is a pleasure to be here in talking about what really is an important subject to matter what day of the week and what week of the month or year it is. You know, Henry Stimson reminded me a lot of sam nunn. The late Henry Stimson, stand still does have long and illustrious career publics this. He approached in the same way sam did and that is in a fair part not person manner. I think secretary stimson was alive today, you take the lead at this trademark judicious approach to the issues of afghanistan. He would be studying, analyzing the challenges we now face in afghanistan. Now he probably was asked to speak to speak arrestor take on the role of the sub 10. But i know Henry Stimson. In all seriousness, the position i was offered back in june at the special Inspector General for reconstruction is both a challenge and opportunity of a lifetime and is one topic im excited to talk about and im excited to be here this afternoon to talk about her issues. The conflict in afghanistan is quite arguably our foremost Foreign Policy issue and challenge facing us today. The United States has spent more money to rebuild afghanistan and on the reconstruction of any other single nation, including germany following world war ii. In fact, we spend about 20 billion a day, everyday commit to rebuild and reconstruct afghanistan. Nearly 90 plus billion regardie appropriated for afghanistan relief and reconstruction is designed to build and strengthen the Afghan National Security Forces, promote selfgovernance and foster economic development. It is my job and the job of may 200 auditors, investigators and other professionals have to make certain this money is spent wisely, effectively, efficiently and protected from waste, fraud and abuse. To help you understand the challenges we face and that my sister Inspector General states and their role as solicitor country faces in afghanistan, let me start by telling you a little story, a story about another inspections. In the far north of afghanistan and tajikistan is Kunduz Province of initially one of them are peaceful parts of the country in recent years, could be associated increase in insurgent dvd. It is also cited the major nato supply run. Safety of the province is critical to our National Security interests. In 2000 they come according to the department of defense obligated over 70 million to construct an Afghan National Army Garrison there that would house 1800 Afghan National army troops and advisers. This is a multibuilding and was supposed to be completed in june june 2009. In april 2010, it still was not completed. To make matters worse, the construction had been completed that have been completed had major problems. Roofs were sagging or collapsing because the contractor used improper welding and priming techniques. Worse yet cometh it was constructed in unstable soil in case the contractor had not adequately prepare the site and stabilize the soil and construct a proper foundation, buildings were collapsing. They were literally sink into the ground causing structural failure and making them unusable. In 2010, we inspected the site. We found the problems and told the Defense Department to fix it. They promised to do so. However, last year we returned and found the site in deplorable condition. Although some structures have been fixed, the underlying problems of the collapsible soil had not as a result of the soil is debility, buildings sunk, fools have developed and more facilities faced the likelihood of structural failure. We saw gaping holes in buildings because of the structural failures so large you could stick your could decide most of the buildings. The sequels are so bad the transformers Electrical Systems hughes supply powers to the facilities were about to collapse source. Moreover im even those facilities that didnt have deficiencies were not being used for the intended purpose or were not used at all. Now id like to report that the contractors responsible for this problem are held accountable. But thats not the case. Instead, as he seemed to be finding time and time again, for some inexplicable reason, which they still havent enabled to provide justification for, the Defense Department released a contractor from all further obligations under the contract, including all warranties to fix the problems and paid the contract are in full. Now i tell you this story not because they think the reconstruction effort in afghanistan will rise or fall, succeed or fail on what happens in one small province in a genistein. The reason im telling you this story is because its indicative of problems we face and we find time and time again when we do audits and inspections in afghanistan. The problem we found that could induce are indicative of larger problems and core causes of the problems we found in afghanistan. And that is what i want to talk to you about today. Skews me. These problems, these core issues can be boiled down to five separate but interrelated issues. First, inadequate planning. Second, poor Quality Assurance. Third, poor security. Fourth, questionable sustainability and lastly, corruption. Talk about inadequate planning. We are. We are at a risk billions of dollars if the agencies charged with implementing new programs and can start two new facilities do not first answer some basic questions. Ive been in washington for 37 years. How must sell at this stage. They came from ohio and keep this midwestern approach to issues come assertive basic simple questions that you would ask if you are buying a house, buying a car or train to lecture your daughter on what school to pick. Set up a simple question from a logical question. These happening arent being answered in afghanistan. Questions such as, are these programs in buildings needed . Have you asked the afghans if they want them . Have you court made it but then at the other organizations working with the u. S. Government or International Community . Have we designed them to meet any specific need that the afghans have . And have we designed them in such a way that they can be sustainable in the future . Quite often we find the answers to these questions are no. For example, when we asked government officials why they built the garrison in kunduz and how they determine its size, location in the fight was built, we got blank stares. There was no plan or justification documents that provide these answers. In fact, as reported in 2011, the department of defense did not have a long reach construction plan for the tired 11. 4 billion construction program. I just say you think were picking on, aad is no better. As far as we can tell, they have a hard time grasping that they constructed and where they are located. I would ask you to go in the next month or two with an interesting audit if they are missing a number of buildings that we thought we does in afghanistan. I dont know where they went, but maybe they were never built. The second issue has to do with Quality Assurance. It is our job as the sigar to have the responsibility of the agencies, implementing agencies to monitor the progress and quality of their programs, to do the Due Diligence before you turn them to the Afghan Government. We are unfortunately finding that agencies often fail to fully implement Quality Assurance programs. Lets go back to the could induce garrison. Without Quality Assurance process is virtually nonexistent during the first nine months of the project. The most critical ninemonth as a result is no way to verify to collect rent their foundations with any type of Quality Assurance. We have seen this problem in all areas of afghanistan and Development Programs to Capacity Building initiatives to Building Construction site. One of the worst examples unfortunately that we have covered may have resulted in the loss of american services. That involved a multimillion Dollars Program intended to protect highly culvers from tampa bay six licit devices. We found no Quality Control was done nsi reported recently in a letter he sent to commanders on the field and an Emergency Management under, many of the crease for missing. Many of the crease for poorly styled in such a way that they feel cheap or event ieds underneath the highways and may have resulted in the u. S. Coalition in the afghan forces. This matter is still ongoing and has grown in scope. At to give credit to general alan and many officers who brought this to our attention because they thought it was localized. But weve since found evidence that this may be wise spread throughout the country that we dont know what the ultimate results are, but it has been turned into criminal investigation. The third problem i want to focus on has to do with security and its a key issue are facing because without adequate security, reconstruction is there comes to a halt or if it continues, it does so without the necessary oversight. The point of fact we were told the reason there have been no oversight in the first nine months that could induce was because of the security situation there that nobody thought to was safe enough to visit the site. The problem is not that it teaches the United States. For example, we know it failed to monitor its key programs such as the Afghanistan Reconstruction trust fund because it is determined that sending personnel outside of kabul is too risky. As the military draws down from a week to find fewer places we can go to safely enough to understand to monitor projects. Just last week, some of the inspectors identified problems reported to me that they were unable to travel to the Member States to inspect because of security situations. We are working to find ways around this. Its not insurmountable, but its difficult because the best oversight and sending in American History and the only safe out there tires. We are trying to Design Systems into consideration and we hope government agent who are contracted to build the sites and create programs are doing the same thing. If anything, the problem could grow over the years to come. The fourth problem area deals with sustainability. Everything made them into the afghans have the financial and technical capabilities and the will, the political will to operate and maintain the facilities in the program the programs they reconstruction has worked on over the last 10 years. The numbers tell the story. The Afghan Government brings in total revenue per year of only 2 billion. It will cost approximately 4 billion just to sustain the Afghan Security forces. Now to prevent the rest of the Afghan Government programs, talking about approximately 10 billion a year. Thats the International Community stepping up to the plate, but its an Important Note to that has to be filled. As we please have been reported, theres other issues, Technical Capability of the Afghan Government in question and we have found the Afghan Government will be incapable of fully sustaining facilities for the Afghan National Security Forces after the 24 team trade mission and that includes the infamous coup and his Army Garrison base. Moreover, the Afghan National Security Forces as theyve shown that the Technical Skills needed to operate and maintain critical facilities such as the water supply and Power Generation capabilities. Finally, theres the problem of corruption. Corruption in afghanistan is corrosive. Eating away at its reputation in the world as the faith of the Afghan People meters, Government Programs and policies, according to transparency international, afghanistan is perceived as having the worst of the corruption in the world. Tied for last with those do with south korea somalia. The correction is not just an afghan problem. Through our investigative work and out of work, weve uncovered schemes by contract nurse and u. S. Government officials to engage in bribery, theft and other forms of fraud. Its too soon for us to know whether the problem that could induce with the results of bribery or corruption. Our criminal agents look at that right now. But we need to acknowledge the role corruption plays in undermining the overall reconstruction efforts and the credibility of u. S. And afghan efforts now in the foreseeable future, even after the anticipated drawdown of u. S. Troops in 20 for teen. Now, i blame that what we see is the biggest problems facing reconstruction. I dont want to sound pessimistic. Im actually very optimistic guy. Thats why he took the job. I want to talk about how we at sigar and the u. S. Government will address issues and is actually unique and has a unique position to really make an impact on the problems i just identified. First of all, just so you know, sigar is the only agency in the United States government, the only asians see as just one sole mission, to protect and promote the effect that mr. Reconstruction in afghanistan. Everybody else has multiple missions. We only have one and not good because we can focus our attention solely on that port mission. Honda said tennessee temporary agency and all possibility around after 20 for team troop drawdown because it just that the amount of funds obligated service should be there. Sigar is the only agency that given the authority empowered by congress to look at projects across government line. We are not limited like the estate or state or dod for dod. We are specifically instruct it by congress to look across the government. If you do reconstruction in the chemist and, we can look at that program. We also have unique hiring authority and assets are tehran who works for me works that will. So i can hire and also also remove the leaves based upon specific needs and meet requirements. All of our employees have to sign up for the possibility of working in afghanistan. So it is a unique brain. We have as a result the single largest oversight present in any Government Agency in afghanistan. We are approximately 60 people on the ground right now, including the largest cadre of investigators, within any eight year vi. But its not just their size and mandate or unique authorities that is important. It is how we can how i view our mission and our agency fees that mission. When i join sigar, and made it clear on the first day i got there that you should view this as a mission, not as a job. If if you could use it as serve a higher, you should leave because i only wanted people in this term i use a fire in the belly because we have a limited amount of time to do good in afghanistan. I have used that they are the belly to speak so much about her chief of staff is actually coined a new term called fire in the valley. And this works. Im proud of my 200 agents, auditors because they all have that fire in the belly. They can workhouse or in some of them in the worst cy. They can workhouse or in some of them in the worst condition as bad as our military is in afghanistan because many are housed in the same facility, but they take that mission because they believe in it and thats the difference was sigar. Thats why i think we can make a difference. I also told them are going to be fair, aggressive, the relevant and were going to do quickly. Because as the security she changes they are, were going to make a difference, we have to do is send. This means to employ traditional methods, but were not going to stop there. Instead, were going to explore new innovative ways of conducting oversight. Some examples of those sites that we have the most aggressive to permit program in the Inspector General community. Weve recommended 206 entities for suspension and bar mitzvahs this program is launched, far more than any other Government Agency in afghanistan and this is included 43 individuals have come in a identified as having actively supported insurgent groups. Unfortunately, not every agency has the same fire in the belly. So many times when we refer for suspension environment, those referrals are not acted on expeditiously and as quickly as we want. So we have proposed granting sub 10 or theater commanders independent authority that could allow us to get rid of bad actors as soon as we find that. Are also working more closely than any other lawenforcement agency with the Afghan Police and prosecutors to get afghans charged, tried and convicted in afghan courts for bribery and corruption. Now remember, this may sound odd to you, but in afghanistan, unlike in iraq, where u. S. Contract research predominate, the u. S. Government promoted provided an Afghan First Initiative in which emphasized prioritizing contract game with afghan owned and operated come needs. Thats why in order and in many cases we need to work with the afghan Law Enforcement and legal system when we uncover criminal activities. That is the challenge, it has paid dividends. Recently, a prominent individual was to make it incentives to two years in jail after sub 10 agents went undercover and taped him offering bribes. Another thing i told my staff on the first day of work was that we have to be relevant by approaching our work like i did when i was an attorney client. Now theres no attorneyclient relationships, but we have to be the people who use our reports an investigation as clients. If what we produce is not used by the commander for state department or the ait administrators, then we have failed. If our archivists are not relevant to congress, the congressional committees who are our clients, for making decisions on approved rations or authorizations, then we fail. If that criminal investigators at the department of justice does not take the trial, then we fail. I emphasize to them that you have to produce reports and investigations that are useful to them. So the first thing i did within a month i went to afghanistan to talk to the generals come of the ambassadors. But about 10 talk to state department, Defense Department and spent time up until talking to the various congressional committees and their staff. About what they needed or were doing or not doing to support them in their mission. I hope that i think it has succeeded. You know, the other thing i did and do some it may have appeared odd because i also reached out to a number of client and that is the academic and think Tank Community because we dont have all the answers. Thats one of the reasons i came here to talk at stinson and people around the country, to see if if we asked the experts think we are doing the right thing in our pockets, investigation targets in afghanistan. Thats one of the reasons im here today to talk to many of you. Now, we have sigar need to get our job ray. My team and i are committed to ensuring that taxpayer dollars are that wisely and are protected from waste, fraud and abuse. If we dont get it right, those slides in that treasure weve spent over the last 11 years will have been wasted, wouldve been spent spent in vain. I sent me i could give you a commitment today. I and my staff will do every day in our power to ensure it is not happening. Thank you very much. I look forward to answering any questions. [applause] audiovox somebody have a question . If not, ill leave. Weve seen all sorts of accounts of the strengths and weaknesses of government reliant on the private sector, both for security and majestic sand development. My question is Going Forward, nobody envisions the government wont be relying on them in the future for future contingency operations. What are your thoughts are possible recommendations on ensuring the best effect is of oversight in the future. A couple years ago and has a Sister Agency for the cross cabinet, cross agency that would do that. I have a few think its idea or bad idea for which you offer to achieve that oversight. I think thats a good question and i dont know if i agree but agree with stewarts suggestion of setting up a permanent entity. I think you made the suggestion before i came to sigar. I am a strong believer and the specialize of what stewart has done in the powers i was given. I think theres some other specialized as an odd, unique bunch. The sick t. A. R. P. Is the only other special ig. It actually gave us tremendous authority, tremendous powers. If you look at legislation and compare it to Stewart Owens legislation in line, you trip over the term independence. I think its mentioned 15 times in the first couple paragraphs. We can get the job done and were given Greater Authority for hiring and firing and went trick or how much of obligated time. I think its a good approach. Uconn men, grow when the problem and chipotle. So thats why to some extent i disagree with stewarts proposal. Congress, and i to hear from speakers later in the series Defense Authorization act came up with a different approach. That was to c to create three i. Cheese in a deity in charge. I just personally having been im just happy with the way of the powers i got. If you get money fast enough with those approaches this with him being handling contingency operations. Yes, sir. Thank you very much. And frank vocal, a founding and tastier. I wish we had enemies in afghanistan. Stewart right a very good book. Has usaid in your opinion and defense really learn when it comes to afghanistan today. Talking to my hands that msn just an impression things are getting worse, not better and i think your opinion stepping back a bit and talking about those two agencies, which have such a major role. And now, ive only been there for six months. Ive spent my whole life doing oversight and accountability, they basically focus on afghanistan, so im not a good expert is sent people in this room. I am impressed by dod and they think their response to some of the problems, i dont know if they were identified in iraq, but i am particularly impressed to general longo and that was cited to do with the contracting problems. I think Lessons Learned in iraq. Many people until that task was force he up and i think theyre good and move worked closely with all of them. I am not searching a idea got the message. Its too early to tell. Gmail think its going to end in 2014, that there is a reconstruction project coming along afterwards. So theres a lot of tension so. Actually looking at because we want to make certain this planned for the new contingency in the security situation. I am not an expert, but i had an extremely impressed with commanders on the ground and how they take security not security, the contract in abuses and have some problems like that so seriously. Im going to be meeting him shortly. General allen has been one of my best friend and Agency Suspends afghan and im supporting our mission and allowing us to be embedded with troops. To accomplish so much unhappiness. I dont want it on the question, but that may give you an example also. Its not just the General Court level. You get down to. Weve actually seen differences depending on which reserve unit shows that. If the commander from a reserve unit shows that and takes contract and abuse seriously, the amount of fats drop off. If he doesnt, if he doesnt talk to my people, if he doesnt care, just punching his ticket, problems galore. We can document that. Im glad you question. Bob burke. As director evaluation aad. I think we are on the same side. But im wondering is whether the basis of contracting, particularly in the im finding its only three capable Government Entities family tent i do not invest in being said holbrookes policy of local contracting was flawed. And in vietnam, two thirds of the Development Initiatives that are were found after the war not to have specified outcomes and development impacts
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