Manufacture. We appreciate that investment. It says here we have 409 in this type of Research Going on. Does that 400 billion annually, does that calculate with individual inventors put into the mix, or they just not part of the calculation . Are probably not going to be significant percentage as measured by dollars but about 60 would come from private companies than 40 of the federal funded. Were talking about private inventors and their impact on new discoveries. How is she placed them in terms of Government Programs coming up with something new, corporations coming up with something new versus the individual inventor Community Coming up with something new. If you look at the types of recruiters over the past 50 years, the invention of the transistor or art or not tended to be basic Research Programs that werent in the minds of any one individual, even at the university, but typically a Network Universe be a people. The foundation isnt very significant portions made in creating something put to use in the marketplace. My time is running here, but just in terms of the inventors, and we heard about the investment again and government provided the directory search that ended out in the very end of the process was the mri. I know the guy who has the patent for the mri. Without him, there wouldnt have been an mri as well. Do you think theres patent protection for these innovators, inventors is going to the right direction or the wrong direction . In general come as a positive direction of the past eight years to find the careful balance that was good to protect convention, but not move off into layer many debates go around that topic, depending who you are coming of a strong opinion one way or the other. The chairman and ive difference of opinions on this. Thank you for sharing your reviews. And thank you, mr. Chairman. Thank you, mr. Rohrabacher. Thank you, mr. Chairman. In thank you for scheduling this hearing. Thank you to the witnesses, palace. Really appreciated the article in politico, mr. Templeton and dr. Jackson. The testimony contains many Common Elements indeed their topics frequently discussed in this room, especially importance of promoting s. T. E. M. Education in maine gaming americas leadership position in the global economy. What im talking with constituents and Industry Leaders about the topic in my district in oregon, especially the role creativity and integration play in driving our economy forward. Many express the education integrating arts and design in stem fields, Innovative Companies across my District AcrossCompanies Like nike and tech giants like intel rely on employees at the mine for science and eye for design. We discussed how Science Education can yield the innovative workforce that many of you identify is essential. Beyond the benefit for the industry but in art and design can help keep students engaged and he talked about trying students in and i want to tell you i visited an Elementary School in my district that took s. T. E. M. And added arts and design. Biscuits are engaged, acting things have, studying soil erosion and graphing things and drawing charts and planning a garden. They were really engaged in everything they were doing. In order to keep students engaged, i want to have a discussion about steam. Do you understand government conduct basic research will industry focuses on the developing site of commercial that location in your experience, can you discuss the Product Development process. He discussed improving learning first inning and suggested promoting exciting learning for projects and experiences rather than just boring memorization of facts. Arts and design play a role in s. T. E. M. Education, especially the learning atmosphere you envision. Well, on the aspect of creativity, the simple answer on that is yes is something to the numbers and concepts that cannot be brought together and visualized and turned into a product. It will not lead to productive things. Its also the case if you look at efforts weve recently done something with one of the School Districts in north texas and i think its got Great Potential for the creativity. I do think it important while they look at that, back to dr. Jacksons comments that we have to be mindful of the basis come to be at the math and science principles because if we dont have the foundation in place, you can never get to higherlevel concepts as well. Keeping us in balance is a wonderful thing. Its a very perceptive question in my view and when i get excited about, so you may have to shut me off, mr. Chairman. I cannot imagine m. I. T. But that its visual and performing arts component. We would not attract the same kind of kids. Is very much about having the k12 and undergraduate in our universities rising above the gathering storm tried to emphasize. What not to let markets who want them to become scientists and engineers, but everybody pays to know fundamental today about science and engineering. My experience if you look at virtually any really Good High School succeeding, high tech high in san diego forth, the integration of arts and curriculum is a very important part. I commented on the maker movement. This attracts kids from last spring, game, everything in between. Im frankly a bit reliever in this theme movement. Theres a hearing in congress over the next several of my wonderful friend sean may said from the Rhode Island School of design is helping to organize. [inaudible] it leaves me in a position because they know we are failing in our course and area, so its difficult to talk about the breath, but arts and humanities are very important part of building creativity. Im afraid im out of time. You didnt pose the question to me, but we leave so much weve built an experimental medium Performing Arts Center and it is those very high and, cultural and performing arts platform and a Research Platform that brings the arts engineering, Computer Science is altogether and we have various venues within it. One in particular allows us visualization, animation, brought this requires the disciplines together, we have a the stimulation arts and science and defuses subtle structure to animate the students do. But at the same time, we feel fundamental studies in certain fields of the humanities arts and social sciences are critically important in with both those up as well. Weve gotten into the spec is about what constitutes liberal arts versus what constitutes science and engineering. If you go all the way back to Cardinal Newman about the original definition of liberal arts, they were in fact together. Im out of time and that meeting is a week from tomorrow im all a Committee Members know the to attend. Thank you, ms. Bonamici. The gentleman from texas, mr. Hall is recognized. Thank you, mr. Chairman. This is a very unusual and talented group is giving us your time. The time it took to get here, the time to appear before us, give us testimony and get back to your place of occupation. I know Rich Templeton very well and did hire him. Eddie bernice and i have asked you to come here. We are proud of t. I. , cecil green and all of this hoopla created university of texas at dallas have our very generous in giving 1100 acres to take university. I was the senate sponsor of the guy from the house and am very proud of the university of all created by mr. Orla bacher rohrabacher talk to bacher supports. Ill ask you one question about s. T. E. M. Graduates and i know your train finally became a reality in 1986 in the students that you have. What about the s. T. E. M. Graduates . Are there no major current and future needs . Mr. Hall, thank you for the complimentary statements of the founders that m. I. T. And rpi. If you look in many ways the percentage or none of people we hire on an annual basis are fortunate because of the reputation theres enough available. That does not apply to all industries as we go down through that and not supplied will be under pressure if we dont get k12 Stem Education in the current direction. [inaudible] to pursue s. T. E. M. Degrees. I had to leave and i have to leave soon to go back to another committee to vote. Im sorry to catch on it a second time. Comic a very simple. Make the business, live. If you look at any high school student, especially women trying to consider a career in science and technology, if you get to the undergraduate level that dr. Jacksons heart about, if you see nothing but four years of math and science classes before you can apply to something that makes it come to life, uses a lot of people during that time. We look at bioengineering to where you can see the impact and it really brings the potential career and impact the lives unless the secret to grow and turn that trend around. Its federal government to implement to strengthen their nations and maximize taxpayer dollars . Are your witness to that . I Pay Attention more to results. Right now if i look results coming out in s. T. E. M. Education, we continue to be ranked so im most global ranks in the work we have is the nation is still in front of us on that. Thank you, mr. Chairman. Gentleman from massachusetts, mr. Kennedy is recognized. Thank you for calling this hearing. Witnesses, thank you for your testimony. As a resident of its should be aware of the are indeed in appreciate your time coming here today. President templeton, the core question that slightly off topic but an important factor in the district of massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, i hope youll forgive a quick diversion. As im sure youre aware of, Texas Instruments operated manufacturing facility for several decades until it was sold in 2006 the company was a major employer and active member of the local community. The remains well respect did in the city and surrounding area today. That being said in the years since the attleboro plant was closed in the cancer rate amongst former employees have been specifically affected those men and women employed by the company to 1963 in 1961 t. I was involved in the program. Thats part of the Energy EmployeeCompensation Program for department of labor, money has been made available to those workers now suffering from crippling illness. I know ta has designated point person for oic and i commend you for doing so. What im hearing from many residents in the district is very few of the thousands of employees in the area or even a way that this Program Access and its benefits available to them at all. They seem minimal outreach efforts to ensure those in need know how to get the help they so deserve. I read this week about steve totten in a local newspaper. His brother also has cancer. His wife and father both died of cancer. All four worked in the attleboro plant. Yesterday he spoke to larry darcy who is diagnosed in may may 292. Leroux anonymously to credit your company or the opportunities they gave him and coworkers. Over 180 of those coworkers from that hes aware of have contracted some type of cancer. I tell the story not to castleman. The human cost of this development in 1950s and 60s is not unique Texas Instruments are attleboro, but i believe that t. I. Amount the federal government has a responsibility we put in harms way. We cant take back exposure to so many suffered, we can do if everything in our power to make sure that user pain today. So buy back your opinion on how my office can work with your company and the department of labor to ensure we do all we can to get compensation for those who need it. Im wondering if theres any light you can shed on the process of t. I. Goes through in the situation for similar situation and but i have to say the federal government can do to assist you in this process. The money if they are, the is they are in the need to follow so they are. The communication is not that we need to fix that. Mr. Kennedy first. As you know weve been in contact with dll as well as department of energy. I think you described the actions we need to take to send contact between the appropriate Government Agencies and your office. We do not give to make sure in the information is available. We should be doing it with you. Thank you, mr. President. I would appreciate further communication with you on the designated point person to understand a person play this to go back. I understand you have a generous plan that theres still Health Care Benefits paid to employees which he went out of the way to credit Texas Instruments four. If we can facilitate the transfer information, many whom dont know very spanish researcher cover medical bills now soaring to thousands of dollars. We can certainly get the right contacts to you. Thank you, mr. Kennedy. The gentleman from georgia, mr. Brown is recognized. Many others of congress there and smile pilot that fact. We spending more money than we pray and. Are headed toward the total economic meltdown if we dont make changes. Both parties are guilty of uncontrolled spending in washington, promoting science as well as research and develop since this extremely important for america to get on a sustainable fiscal quarters. Remaster making response to bowl situations. It is on the United States has the highest Corporate Tax rates in the world. 35 of the federal level when you had sued have local taxes its much higher than the employer and job creators here in america. How it impacts business is, including how it can be fact driven to decision regarding where to locate manufacturing facilities or how much to invest in r d, how Business Investment higher competitiveness be impacted if we eliminated Corporate Tax altogether such as my job actives. The jobs that will reduce Corporate Taxes to zero in Capital Gains taxes to zero and partially would be huge economic boom instead of raising taxes would raise taxpayers with good paying jobs. As you please discuss that . I will not disagree with your final conclusion. I also know it brings the double taxation dialogue, especially in difficult times. I think the conclusion that youre alluding to in the question is very clear. We compete against companies headquartered in taiwan, for example, and some of them virtually have zero tax rate. So if we try to operate investors are working against some number incrementally to 35 level and youve got shareholders have an expectation for a company in taiwan and operated zero comments its a difficult situation in place for the longterm and even further to the point you seen some of them were companies are faced with Corporate Headquarters to Different Countries if they are trying to be responsible to their shareholders. So i think thats a really dangerous slope to end up on is a country. I think the conclusion or points are very accurate. It also does come back to investing in University Research by having those ideas developed here, we do give advantages to being u. S. Headquartered in what we need to do is not beyond competitive against other countries and then we can get great games from where we are today. Mr. Tumbled 10, i believe the high tax rate but on the industries and was driving manufacturing jobs offshore . I believe firmly we had to bring jobs back to america because thats its going to get our economy going again. Create good paying jobs in areas of science, to knowledge and engineering. Im a physician. Do you have any suggestions about how we can look at the Regulatory Burden in tax burden, besides my job so cautious critical to bring manufacturing jobs back. Can you give suggestions about what we can do to look at the Regulatory Burden as well as tax burden and getting the shackles of business and industry and job Creators Syndicate of a Strong Manufacturing industry here in this country. I want to thank you for Texas Instruments have been in manufacturing you all do here in this country. The simplest way to think about this is the 5 , which says 95 of it is somewhere else. But we think about Economic Growth for our country and companies headquartered in the u. S. , we have to have policies and plans to compete globally because it creates great opportunities and Economic Growth in the u. S. And therein lies the beginning of the policy is how can u. S. Headquartered companies be highly competitive that Briggs Initiative tax cut issues at todays Hearing Research investment and scope issues of regulation. We want to operate well and competitively on a global basis. I think even get to this point that conclusions pretty quickly. Thank you, mr. Broun. Mr. Chairman, thank you for convening this hearing. As a former associate dean, we did look extensively at the loss of undergraduate talents. That clearly is tied to our k12 system, particularly lower income communities and students just not being prepared. If we can hold on a to their junior year, they do make up the gas, but released first in many students there. Ill direct my question at dr. Jackson. Coming out of Research University background, a key el