A lot of people hire based on experience. As industries change, if you hire based on skills, you can adopt and i think other industries should look to silken valley valley which has done very well. But basically adopting that. That will help a lot of people. One of the ways is to have a growing economy. There are lots of ways. The simplest way to solve this is to have hiring going on. That is a problem that is very relevant. We are struggling with Immigration Reform and they are directly related as problems. So there are plenty. Revenue solves all problems. [laughter] yes, we are talking about cash. Cash in the bay. Not hypothetical cash, but in the bank. What is interesting is that we have a really big case in our country. Is her economy going to grow . The answer that we are providing is no. The reason is that we do not have the work force we need. There are only two answers to this. There is education and immigration. We do not educate our kids close to where others are. India and china, there are more kids and better educated. A lot of them are built on immigrants. Indeed there is a Forward Group that mark talked about we may actually get a logjam of sorts going on. Having had much response from washington . What efforts are in the works for policy change . You are sending out an agenda. Are they just ignore knew his usual . I think people understand that the private sector moves faster than the public sector. So we are seeing women start circles all over. A lot of people are asking for raises. I want you all to have raises. On the corporate sector, men like john tamers, he assigned the book is top 200 people and said that i thought it was that it does, we are not so good at this. We are going to get better. Stood on a stage and he said the only way to be the best company is to have the best individuals. Women are 50 of the population. Warren buffett talk all about women this year. I want men and women to invest in women not to be nice but because it is their bottom line. We face a Global Competitiveness with asia and asia continues to discriminate against women. It is pretty clear that you need everyone working together. So this argument favors your arguments for women. Economic growth, a good of it has been in the workforce. We have to continue to do that we want the growth. What made you so brave as to call eric smiths breakout . Was your mother and dad affirming you positively as a child, or did she chastised and crack you all the time . [laughter] i would say both. My parents were incredibly encouraging. You can do anything for. Your brother and sister can do anything. I mean, when i was sick, my dad would say, youre well enough, out the door. You know, i was in college, my dad would say the best thing for a hangover is a good one. My parents were definitely go out and do it. They were incredibly supportive type of people. Many political problems seem to be driven by policy positions and old men. Climate and health and gun control and the environment. Where women have different views. The book is arguing for more women in positions of power and positions of government. I happen to be in london a few weeks ago. There are hundreds of countries and that is not just good enough. I believe we have more women in politics we would have more women and work. Following upcoming question from the audience. Do you think it is the Hillary Clintons time to lean in and when the president said . Smi want her to run. [laughter] my daughter listen to this song and said, mom, why are they all boys. I think that hillary can be our first female president. It is not as if its too long. You think an increase in female entrepreneurship could solve the issue of women not receiving promotions by giving them the power to make these decisions . I believe that women, it helps all women. Companies with more women in senior roles have better recordings policies and we need more women in congress and enough companies and more women entrepreneurs. We have a lot of female entrepreneurs in silken valley. And they dont get funding at the same level. Interestingly if you look at the return, there is a recent study done the return on investing a female entrepreneur is higher than that they ask for the money that they need not the money they might need. We need to ask for more funding and we need to get it. In their more cache efficient . Yes. Excellent. You build a hiring machine at google and your legacy in the company is something that i see everyday to ensure that you feel the same way about facebook. One of the questions is what you look for when youre hiring someone and how do you actually make these decisions are the most important thing i look for, it is skills. If you can get the perfect skill base in the right experience, that is great. But our industry changes so quickly that almost none of us have done anything like this before. So its all new. So i ask people how they would handle specific situations and we are looking for flexibility. And we are looking for the skills of a can adapt. One of the things we are looking for is at a meeting that we, a lot of them were mbas and than they had been asking about their career path and that was a very good set of advice. Because they were saying that we wont see fleshless. People would call me up and say i am a vp now and i need to be a Senior Vice President for chief operating officer or whatever your company. And i would say so all the people actually showed up and said, how could i help. There were a lot of people that turned us down in our early days. They still remember. I was offered jobs with more senior titles. But the google job was way better job. Even when i went to facebook. It wouldve been ceo of the things that i did. I came into work with mark. Titles dont always matter as much. You to focus on that. He shifted to new company to get a bigger role on facebook. Obviously. As a take a lot to get this new big opportunity. I think again as we educate ourselves on the bias, we can educate ourselves. Sometimes it does, sometimes it doesnt. It takes solving problems in the right way to approach a career is to say, what problems can i solve. One of my favorite is in the book, a woman was at ebay. And she said i think i want to work with you at on facebook. So i thought about telling you all the things i like to do. I figure everyone is doing now. So instead i would like to know what is your biggest problem and can i solve it. Exactly. My job at the floor. Is it my biggest problem is recruiting. And we had gone through recruiting. And she came in and now she runs all of Human Resources because she is trying to solve our problems. This is a great question. Do you think that part of gender bias behavior may be genetic as well as social . That is a profound question. There are too many negatives. Ferne. I have a son and a daughter. My daughter will take to swords and make them kiss. [laughter] and you are trying to solve these. Here is what we know. I believe there are genetic differences between boys and girls. But i do not believe that leadership is one of them. Leadership can have female traits and that has been documented over and over. So we can associate what is leadership. Another interesting question is what is your opinion of a womans physical appearance in the workplace and how it can help or hurt her career. It is a real issue, much more of an issue for women than men. I used to tell women that google to dress appropriately. Dress for success. My boss called it my dress for success talk. He would hire these amazingly smart women with great skills. Sometimes they look like they were going to a nightclub. And that wasnt going to happen. It is the same kind of advice. I was suggesting genes are not short. I actually thought promoting themselves as serious professionals is pretty important. So i do not overly focus on it. Im not into fashion or close but anyway. But the way we went in, we want to care about the perception. Can you get more women into real and perceived places of power such as boards or directors. So the issue is a raging debate. I think the issues that i think each country has to pick what it i want to do and im not arguing quotas for corporate boards because i dont think its the most important intervention. If you look at the countries, it hasnt actually moved any of the numbers. If you look at norway they have photos of women on corporate boards. What we do is move these numbers up to operating ceos. And we want to see the numbers throughout, not just in one place. Another question from the audience. How do you react to external signals. Have you actually handle it and how do you behave . Is probably the most important thing. Im trying to help people understand it is easier to address that there is an article written about her summer but oh, wait a second, she is told she is too aggressive and that happens women at times. So this is a crowd source of the response and mitigated to some degree. Im hoping that this helps to change that. Whereas before he wouldve had to go in and start from scratch and say that i appreciate it. I think we are getting help training our managers. Theres a man who works in a facebook who started this conversation oddly by saying that i didnt read your book. Which is a little weird. Wouldnt you at least pretend. Lets leave that for judgment aside. I have listened to you for the last five years. And i listen to what you say, so we just did our annual performance reviews. He got feedback that he was too aggressive. Men and women say what did you do that was too aggressive. Specifically. They answered and he said if the man had done those exact same things, which upset would have said the same things and they said no. Best thing we can do is get men and women to engage in this. Smacks of the messages that they have to please is biased. And women will be able to say that theres a lot of data that says that i want to ask you specifically so how am i too aggressive we get specific. We need to say that i am grateful for the feedback and if the man had done the same things, would he be too aggressive. Okay, it gives lots of practical advice for solving the internal issues. What can we do to solve the external issues, which i think is referring to Public Policy and institutional issues. I think theres a lot we can do. I think we can pass better laws and elect more women. So just one and one day i was late for a meeting and i had to park very far away. And i was sick and it didnt work. Doing yoga in the corner, we need pregnancy parking. What he said is i never thought of before, i never thought of it. And i have never thought of before. And so my point is that if we get more women into these jobs, we will make those things work. Soon. Im sure a lot of other pregnant people were not in a position to mark into the office and roxio got. [laughter] he wouldve looked up and said, who are you . He probably wouldve said the same thing. But they would have had that selfconfidence. But my point is that we need all the institutional reforms, but one of the best ways of getting it is the women in this audience. Companies that pay women equally. Help women negotiate and train your managers not tell women they are too aggressive. I think women can be huge part of the answer. The final question from the audience is are you gearing up for a political run in 2016 and if so, which office. Im not running for office. Again, i am rooting for hillary to go for that job. I am not running for office. But i do think more women need to run and run companies. Im happy of facebook. I love the influence and i want to help more women get into those positions. This has been a treat for me for reasons that you dont all now. In 2006, cheryl and i were chatting. And we thought would be fun to have this famous people come by and in her typical organized way she put together speakers, which i was fortunate enough to do the interview for. And all of those years, never had a chance to interview cheryl at google. But i did buy initiatives end up interviewing extraordinarily famous people, including the current president of the United States in a few past ones. So this has been an amazing personal experience. I would be sort of interesting if maybe you could read a little bit of your book to give people a sense. And i hope that you all understand the unique and extraordinary leadership that cheryl represents. And if we could emulate his style from the world would be a better place. I want to end by thanking you for everything you have done. I havent read from a book ever. Your own audio book . I did not. Did you choose the person . Yes. Are they any good . She is fabulous. Okay, so if you dont like printed books, by the audio book. I have written this book to encourage people to dream big and im hoping that each woman will set her own goals and reach for them. Im hoping that each man will do his part for women in the workplace and the home also with gusto. Our institutions will be more productive in their homes will be happier when the children growing up a longer be held back by negative stereotypes. Critics have scoffed at me for trusting that once women are in power they will help one another, since that has not always been the case. Im willing to take that back. The first wave of women ascended to leadership positions and were few and far between. To survive, many focused on helping others. The current wave of female leadership is increasingly willing to speak up. The more women attain positions of power, the less pressure there will be to conform and the more they will do for other women. Research already suggests that company with more women in in leadership roles have better worklife policies and smaller gender gaps and executive compensation and women in management. The hard work of generations before us means that equality is within our reach. We can close leadership gap now. Every individuals success can make success a little bit easier for the next. We can do this for ourselves from one another and our daughters and for our sons. In the future there will be no female leaders. There will just be leaders. [applause] thank you. [applause] and we have seen what it takes to be a global phenomenon. And extraordinary business and then the level of impact on the global stage that all of us would love to have. I think with cheryl you can see that its not just her intellect or experience. It is the whole show and it is her charisma and leadership. I am proud to have worked with her and im looking forward to working with you and all the things you want to do. Thank you. Thank you. [applause] [applause] what is on your Summer Reading list . I have this new book on my night table that i started reading. I read a lot of books on meditation as well. Im also reading a book called the buddhist way of meditation. So i do meditate. Ive done yoga and am always catching up on that part of my reading. It is called the interesting by meg politzer. It starts with a group of teenagers in an arts camp and it takes them forward to their 40s and 50s. Send us an email at booktv cspan. Org. Coming up tonight on cspan2, secretary of state john kerry announces a new faithbased outreach initiative. Then Security Department chief of staff talks about the International Terror alert and keeping americans keeping americans keeping americans safe. The tv booktv in primetime features viewers suggestions including Michelle Alexander on the jim crow incarceration in the age of colorblindness. That is followed by speaker of the house Newt Gingrich on his book gettysburg. Guardsmen and National Security experts are meeting to discuss National Security issues at the reserve officers symposium. See it live at 8 00 a. M. Eastern here on cspan2. Tonight on the encore presentations of first ladies, campaigning is not allowed. They can say come vote for me for president. They cant do that. And you cant ask for office directly. You have to kind of use the subtle back channels and women were a good conduit of it in for that. So people try to ask for favors. She knows that she is not naive. A lot of them are spreading false gossip. She is aware of the political gain that is going on. The encore presentation of our original series, first ladies continues tomorrow night at 9 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan. Secretary of state john kerry named sean casey hit his dear advisor on faithbased initiatives. Dedicated on outreach to the global community. This is an outreach event for 30 minutes. [inaudible conversations] ladies and gentlemen, the secretary of state, john kerry, special advisor for faithbased initiatives and director of the White House Office of security. Thank you so much, everyone. Thank you so much. I am really delighted to be here with you this morning. It is a great pleasure for me to take part in us. Im convinced that this is one of the toughest challenges that we face in terms of global diplomacy and relationships around the world. We have had the challenges of many conflicts to the challenges of simply understanding people. We are talking about regions apart and things like Global Climate change, which is really a challenge. This includes the garden figures of gods creation. Secretary of state and before that. I was a secretary before that. I had met with faithbased leaders all across the world. We met with many members of our Faithbased Community here in our country and i had met with life philosophies and belief systems. That experience of only reaffirms my belief that there is much more that unites us and should unite us than divides us. And the worlds religions utile flowers from the same garden. I was at a gathering of evangelicals around america. And this includes clerics from the muslim world. An improbable gathering. For three days people worked and struggled with the effort to find the common ground. In fact between all the religions and philosophy. Whether a new order confucianism or any of the other different approaches this is tied together. By the golden rule. And they all come from the same human heart. Leaders and citizens, particularly people in public life, everyone talks about how we draw strength from the example of our faithbased communities. But not enough people actually translate those words into actions or policies or life philosophies. So i think that whether its teachers are activists or religious leaders, working to heal others, we learn a great deal. It stands in stark contrast to violent extremists seek to destroy and never talk about building a community or providing health care with anybody. So we need to recognize that in a world where people of all faiths are mingling like never before, where we are this global community, which we always talk about, we ignored the Global Impact of religion in