Something more in their life than less. A number of people who took money quite yet because of the digital revolution and when they do that they certainly think what now . Now that i made my 500 million, even billions by the time you are 25 what do you do for the rest of your life . Not everybody is in that situation. That cant be. I do think a lot of people, never heard the term effective altruism, since i was a teenager since i was a child. The internet makes it easy to discover effective altruism. The people that connect to. Instead there must be something strange about me. I really think i should share more of my good fortune with people in poverty. There is more to it. Since you mentioned morality, that was an epic we important thing for a lot of people but it was also there wasnt a lot of give. Basically i believe it is fair to say you argue we should do the things we have away until we are with those people who are poorest among us and sensing from you and reading the book that you dont quite feel that way. Didnt quite feel that way but let me qualify there is a footnote which says if you need to have a decent business suit to learn of good living and by giving away your suit you would not be able to earn as much and therefore give as much you ought to keep the suit. There is a little concession there. There is a sense in which i think maximizing the amount you could give unless you get to that point where you would be doing as much damage to yourself as the person you are helping but i also thing now that that stance is too demanding to attract people to that way of life. You could say i have become more pragmatic in what i am suggesting people do. Welcoming the fact that people start more or less at any point anything significant in terms of contributing to Effective Charity. And i am saying stop somewhere youre comfortable with, maybe do a little more next year, see where you go. I am not drawing any particular off line now. I am saying makes this a significant part of your life and see where you go from there. One of the interesting things you brought up in the book was this idea that if you want to do good for other people may be for some people the best thing to do is go to Business School and make hundreds of millions of dollars and then give it away. Some people have done that and some purposely without hundreds of millions but purposely decided, going to be as successful, then i will be more useful. I dont find it is for everyone. Certainly could be dangerous for people to go into that because obviously working with people interested in making lots of money but unlike you theyre interested in making lots of money and keep lots of money and by themselves the porsches or penthouses of whatever else it might be that go with that so you are going to start feeling oh really i need these things too. I cant enjoy life without them but i think there are other people with a strong commitment and the their own character well enough to know i wont be seduced into that. I will be firm in my commitment and tell my friends i will be firm and king those friends who have those values. It is the use for thing to do. It is an understanding when money is a greater assets, particular skills he might have the lead you to being an aid worker or whatever it might be. For a lot of people trying to decide what to read to have more to pursue what means most to them, how much do you think they should sit down and care about these issues when selecting a career or should they do what they love and hopefully be successful and be able to give . They should think about these issues this is true that if you heat the work you are doing you are probably not going to be successful. If you think you hate life as an investment banker or whatever it then dont do it you wont be good at it anyway but if you think that does have some interesting challenges and i wouldnt mind mixing with those people and theres a certain status and get such a job and hold it down and have a big salary. I would be happy doing that and could give away a lot. He should think about that. There are other careers like the person i talked about in the beginning of the book, who could have had an academic career. He was a good philosophy student as was in oxford for graduate school so i think he did think about whetherone than the other and sometimes your passion might be a career in which you wont make much difference to the world. You might enjoy it but it is a reasonable consideration. What am i going to be doing for the world if i do follow this passion . You write about Organ Donation and one of the things you say is you cant live with one kidney and the risk of dying or having harsh consequences from giving a kidney up is one in 4000 very small. Would it be better if those people who are giving their kidneys away do one or two things . This is a country where if you die in a car accident it is assumed you dont want to donate your organs. Many other countries is the opposite. If we reverse it, it would be of remarkable thing. The second is a scientific advance not crazy to think about growing functioning kidneys. This doesnt take away from that. It is how do you determine when to do Something Like give a kidney and the other thing i will ask is it is okay to sell your pardon this . To make money . Have opting in rather than opting out or opting in, the present situation. The evidence is we would get more kidneys but not the we would solve the problem with the shortage of kidneys and european nations that have done that have problems obtaining enough kidneys despite that and ironically things like making motorcyclists wear crash helmets reduce the availability of morgans even if you have that kind of system. That is the first thing. The third onewhat was the second one . To you pursue a Research Solution kludge oomf. Absolutely. Tweeting grow of a functioning kidney but people who have techniques of doing that, absolutely. That would solve the problem. Not that i want there to be a shortage of kidneys of people have the opportunity for altruism. Im not into providing moral virtue like that but because of the consequences. Thirdly should use all your kidney . Is still legal to do so in the united states. My answer to that is no. Should that be the lawperson good argument for staying at least we should experiment with incentives and i find theres a letter going are round suggesting that the u. S. Government have pilot projects in providing some incentive is which is currently illegal so rather than pay cash which would have certain problems we could have payments into the collapse i r as they could collect later we could pay for Health Insurance for the rest of their lives, we can have things that would clearly have lasting benefits, giving the kidneys or something. To see how it works. Somebody came to visit who is a brain surgeon and these people, why are they wearing helmets . This would be the greatest place in the world to be a brain surgeon. You try to do metrics to maximized the good. Of their people argue bill gates, a growing number of people like that and you talking in the book about a theoretical, thousand dollars donation, would you give that to africans for americans . A lot of people will say why dont we deal with that. Obviously it is very obvious, of thousand dollars would go very much further even though it is absolutely true there are investments but it is true is that people are tribal to some degree and they want to help once they know who are their families, even the extended family of a country seems to me a theoretical problem in this movement. You are right. People do feel like that, some of those closest circles are extremely difficult, i would not want to say to people you should be impartial between your kids and the kids of strangers. You couldnt expect anyone to do that but as they say by saying you shouldnt automatically give priority to your fellow americans over people globally i dont think that is a difficult because the biological major horses geographical boundaries of round here and you hear more about people within that boundary than people outside. You never met a tea party member. It is the new or phase of evolution that has happened very quickly. Very interesting. I think it is possible to get people to address that balance to some extent and when they see the sorts of things you can do just to spell out the reasoning of little bit, a family of four gets 1,000 doesnt make much difference. You do of the roughly what they would get every two weeks anyway. In todays dollars it is 1. 75 so there are 1 billion people in the world on Something Like 600. Any less than the one thousand dollars a year in you have given them a full years salary and the charity that i am delighted to greenlight is sharing some of its returns it gives 1,000 so theres no dependents coming from it to the poorest families in africa and it follows up what they do with it and they do things like buying a tin roof to release replace the leaky thatch on their heads so when it rains they can keep dry and their food is less likely to spoil. And also they safety expensive resection which costs 30 but it is a savings and longterm investment but because they are on 700 a year and they could never save the hundreds of dollars, maybe 400, they could never say that so it makes the huge difference for many years to come and that is why we should be able to overcome this. Let me just say the if you want to ask peter a question, in a few minutes someone will get them and ask some of the questions but do you thing some of this shift into a more worldly view is the internet the ability to communicate, to see how people live in a way we never have before . It is a number of things that connect us more closely. The internet is another stage of it. It was already happening in other ways clearly in the news media, bringing more closer to the rest of the world but let internet does more of it and i mention Mark Zuckerberg the moment ago, one of the fingers facebook is trying to promote is making the internet accessible to whatever it is, half the world that doesnt have access at the moment and that would be something that would increase this connection. If people could really be more in contact with people in extreme poverty or have a broader connection, participate with them this would help even more. We would advance further in this. Can i asked a lot of people are confused how to give what to give, to him to give and there are so many options and you can click on so many things and people talk about overhead and it can be very daunting for people not used to contributing resources. You have some advice . It is another reason affected altruism has taken off. Since the founding of give well in 2007 we have better information about which charity truly effective but before we normally have this information about how much goes to administration and fundraising and how much goes to programs and lot of People Choose which organizations to give to on that basis but it is really not a useful guide because imagine an organization that is trying to do well. People give to organizations, lets fire half of our staff and our administration will be below the threshold of 10 people give foster but they only have half the staff so how do they find which programs to give to . It will be much more skin and the information if they have the ability to assess and analyze and how do they follow up with the programs they fund and are working or not . They may not have the staff to do it so it might be the you get much better value for your dollar giving to the organization with twice the Administrative Expenses and didnt have it that way and get well was founded by a couple of yen Hedge Fund Guys who wanted to give to charity but couldnt get good information about which charity to give to. It does analysis of the results of the programs that is rigorous in what it does so that is one source. The organization that spun off my previous book related to global poverty makes recommendations at least try not give well, partly being a little bit broader. If you are interested in this, one more thing i want to say i am delighted green light is giving away part of their proceeds donating the royalties from this book to Effective Charities but dont ask me which ones because you or the public are going to decide, at least decide within a list. If you go to the web site for the book, the most good you can do dog, and click on the movement you get another link to of giving the game. And giving game is you will get presented with a list of charities in four categories with information about them manage you will be able to vote for the charity you want and they will be divided up proportionately to your vote so it is an education alexis size to get people to think about how they choose their charities. The hope is by doing a this, in the future if they will think about those questions in the same way. Some of these things seem more simple than they are. You mentioned a researcher mostly credited for bringing the green revolution and many people including me have written save more lives than any other person. I said this on indy are. I got hate mail for months and months because not formally did he save hundreds of millions of lives but introduced a lot of fertilizer into the world and that had some significant negative consequences. I would argue if you had to again you would do it again. People my point is not about him but it is difficult always to know, another clean water is a good thing that is lacking in a lot of places to you sing a well in give people decent water that is an obvious good unless the neighbor thinks the deeper well and soon you dont have water table may you have arsenic and you have nothing. Those things are difficult to regulate in the real world. Yes. And difficult to free jakes to. We have to be careful about those interventions, to see if they are working. We have to assess the them, gather the evidence and the data in order to see what is good. I agree about norman but there are people who think we should have developed organic methods of farming or in europe and knocked on in choosing a site chemical fertilizers and that a lot of the reason for the hate mail that you got. These a difficult decisions to make but i believe applying reason and evidence, what the altruism movement is about. I agree with you. I wrote this down. It was in the bookend thrilled me, the treadmill, people want to get off that and do some good. Do you if thing that is a problem in this country and there has been a lot of obsessive accumulation of wealth. I dont mean just having things to have famous is almost a national pastime. They see that changing . I hope it will. The Storage Industry has taken off and thrived. Americans typically live in larger houses more space per person because family sizes of profit houses of grow larger than they ever did before but they still need to rent a storage space. There is something wrong here. You cant enjoy that many possessions this idea of the on a treadmill is the valid concept. You think you enjoy life more if you buy consumer goods a you get a good day you enjoy it briefly but pretty soon you are back at the level of enjoyment that you were so you have to buy more stuff. In contrast this is my experience, for many years in the Animal Movement people working for purpose that harmonizes with their values as meaningful and significant. Had a kind of fulfillment dont need to get satisfaction out of accumulating more stuff. They have the fulfillment that comes out of knowing they have done something worthwhile with their life and they look back with a sense of satisfaction and pride and selfesteem that they have actually use their life will end i wonder how many on the treadmill and do that. There must be two people who didnt fill out a card . Kind of amazing evidence of the interests. Really good ones. Can you talk about the idea of anonymity for the giver and receiver and the Effective Altruism Movement . Contrasting with naming building miss. The pension where rich people need to have their names on everything. Hi would rather name buildings the not have the building is. I suppose. To sample the happen now to be Lincoln Center. Paulino what is going to be called now. David geffen hall and the interesting thing about that is the Lincoln Center had to pay so he goes 100 million which is towards the renovation. The Lincoln Center is that had to pay 15 million to the family to compensate them for the loss of his name which implies the values of having his name on the building have a least 15 million because otherwise he could have they could have used the whole 100 million if they didnt have to put his name on it. I find that bizarre but the other thing, the New York Times had this article about the debate, is the one hundred Million Dollars enough to by naming rights of the renovation is going to cost half a billion dollars. It didnt have a debate about why does david geffen think the renovation is the best use that he can make of his money. I will not name names but i will open our how much money is required to assure your child will be accepted to harvard . Is a lot. 200,000, expecting it your kid in. I dont know much about harvard but at princeton if you give 50 million, if your child is close to the border line, it is on the scales and your child will get in but if your child is not academically hateful of these courses there is no amount of money that will get them in. Continue. Save you a dollar. Decided to give a large sum of money to one Effective Charity or distribute money to a bunch of charities. Iphone put into this way, it is not a good idea to give to realize number of charities. There is administrative costs to charities, gifts and mailing stuff and so on plus given to a large number suggests you havent done your homework to a relatively small number. You might say i cant decide between a range of different causes, global poverty is a major issue or reducing animal suffering is a major issue or doing something about Climate Change is a major issue. The most Effective Charity aiken finding each of those fields would seem to be something you cant argue against but why would you give to several different charities in one field who would only be you could not separate them, but if you did another search, if theyre in the global poverty field which specializes in you probably could understand. Another one of interest these are many good questions, bet