I have a question also relating to financing. I want to know what you consider the role and impact of the new Bricks Development bank will be Going Forward as it starts in south africa and other countries can then apply to be part of this new development. Thank you. Ill let them talk about the brics bank because, ive heard about it, they set it up a few months ago and what it is, im not sure. Measurability, now we talk a lot about revolution in africa that we dont know. The problem has been a lot of things have happened in mdgs, but we dont have the instruments to measure them. We have 80 of kids in school. With 90 of this or that, but how do we measure them . Sometimes were rely on numbers given by multinational and multilateral, but sometimes by ngos who have an interest in keeping numbers as they are. Thats what they get their funding from. We have to be aware that. The finance minister has had a meeting. When the president first talked about the cap, it was at a meeting with the minister of finance and development and they talk about this issue of Capacity Building, Capacity Building at the lowest level and at the highest level, and be able you cannot be accountable if you dont have the capacity. Sometime its not just corruption. Its mismanagement sometimes. Sometimes just not knowing what youre going. Sometime money goes through the winter because instead of buying this, they are buying that. That is not what you need to resolve your problem. For corruption, what level do you want to tolerate . Zero level. Thats a dream. Somebody will try to steal your money if they can get it on the site. So i think that the reality is, you know, that. Measurability, i think thats okay. Just a cup full of selfpromotion things in here. We did a report on governance and Economic Growth at csis and i recommend if youre interested in that issue, we will get you one before you leave. We also did something on size and scope of corruption as well as we did something that i just want to reference. Up ahead on the issue of Domestic Research, taxes. If you look at just in africa, if i understand correctly the u. N. Had in the year 2000 Something Like 100 billion was mobilized through taxes and fees for Domestic Research mobilization. And by the 2010 there was 413. Some of that oil, gas and mining revenues that some of that increase for melody and people paying their taxes. Some of that is a rising middle class. Excludes all the large amount of leakage that dr. Dukule was talking about. Thats a lot of money that is being generated it though by taxes, even though its not what it should be because there continues to be tax evasion and other challenges. But our people not paying their taxes. If you look at oda as dr. Dukule was thank him its about 50, 60 billion. I dont think well get much higher than that. If its 400 billion of Domestic Research and oda foreign aid is about 60, theres a lot more of this than it is of this, and so its five or six times are seven times, sometimes the amount of foreign aid so i think you will see theyll continue to rise as you have an increasing middle class. African countries that are discovered oil, gas and mining, a report, there will be a lot more government money, money in government coffers. I do think it will be a challenge for a number of countries. So the problem though on this tax stuff is, this is not a very sexy or compelling topic. There are no political constituencies in chief of the countries that are going to get a congressional earmark, to use the american parlance for this, to pay for tax inspectors. Tax inspectors without borders, that gets to the heart of it. Its darn important that thats where the money is, but its very difficult in the american system to find money or force money because the foreign aid dollars are spoken for. So everybody agrees this is important, but the bureaucratic politics in washington to how to allocate those monies go somewhere else. So not saying theyre not valid and important projects and everybody fights and dies on that hill for their important piece of the pie, im sure will tell you why their slice is the most important. But i do think if thats what the money is and theres a lot of leverage their we have to think about well have a report on this issue of Domestic Research globalization but if you trouble sleeping at night i hope you read. But i do want to talk about the bric bank briefly. I think when you look at the bric bank as a political exercise. The bric bank as a purely political exercise. I dont theres a lot of news stories about this, a lot of froth and sizzle. I am highly skeptical that this is going i think is the ultimate die with a whimper. However, to the extent that we are not tending to our knitting in the United States and other participants of the international system, to the extent that countries dont feel that they are fully participating, i think dr. Dukule has talked about some of these issues, im not going to agree with all of them but he put a number of interesting issues on the table that to the extent that shareholding dont necessarily match to the size of the con, especially with the imf and the world bank, theres going to be defections from the Bretton Woods system. People exiting out of the. Theres been a systems of when egypt had problems, when cyprus had a problem, the russian said hey, well bail after Banking System if you give us a naval base, playing imf. Theres something called and asian selfinsurance imf. So that both the world bank sides to this bric bank and a imf side to this bric bank. A lot of problems. The first is what currency. They said they want to great new currency. Good luck. Im not going to hold my breath. I dont think theyre going to use the yen given the participants involved dont think they would use euros. Hard time imagining that we use the dollar. If they do not use that all of the church to see if theyll do this in rubles. Dont believe it. Im not holding my breath. I know theres lots of press releases about this. I dont think its real. I would say that the other interesting things are the agreement talked a lot about human rights. Really interesting but lots of words of human rights in that declaration. Maybe its just me but im thinking russia, china, human rights. Figure that one out. Im highly skeptical. So its great but im not going to hold my breath. And, finally, on things like what happens, dr. Dukule was talking about relations are twoway street. What happens when this new Development Bank provide a loan to xyz country and they decide to take china out as the mining investor in zambia. The zambian election swung i think on chinese agents. Other going to pull out or not quick stubbly the indians are going to bail out the chinese it is a mega financial crisis in china . I doubt it. Very interesting to think to the extent we dont take care things like imf quota reform which is a highly niche topic, has to do slight tweaks and the shareholding, then people are going to take their bat and ball on go somewhere else. Thats a fancy think tank term for this. But the thing to remember is, the exercise in my view but to the extent the United States doesnt 102 of the garden and is partial a republican problem at partially a problem for the administration for not selling this, we are the only one of g20 countries to not improve the imf quota reform. Theres a lot of technical stuff around this by basically its a rejiggering slightly of the shareholding of the imf. People take their bat and ball and play crypto imf and to do things like this. If we were to fix something, make tweaks, this will go away quietly and people ask and copiers whatever happened to that bric bank. You can quote me on that. 10 years from now, you can also in my face and said you are totally wrong but i bet folks a sandwich and a club soda that i think this isnt going to be a serious thing in three years time. I would just, i think you touched something very important which is the reform of the imf and world bank. I think thats the key issue. Once that is done you do not need bric and did not be bric bank and all these crypto imf that pops around. Like i said last two weeks, three weeks ago, how can we get the u. S. To agree to this one little reform . It requires president ial leadership and requires responsibility my party, the republican party. President obama has cut a deal with the republicans. He should cut a deal and he should send the Vice President biden up there, but they need to find somebody who can make a deal. Theyve not spent a lot of Political Capital on this, frankly, if theyve got other things in their inbox. They have tried, but i dont believe so it doesnt excuse republican in action on this, i do think there a number of things i could list for you that you could get an easy deal with the republicans on. So i think its a political conversation, its not a question of the arguments of the marriage. I think the merits are there. Its a political thing that requires president ial leadership and republican responsibility. Were going to take just a couple more questions and going to go to the very back of the room. Lets take these as the last two questions. Marters with United Methodist church office. I think you, mr. Ambassador. You didnt mention electricity. We had this whole power africa initiative, and the ambassador from botswana said she wished that power africa had come before. I thought that was interesting. You didnt say anything about agriculture at all. So two questions. Electricity for poor people and agriculture. Great, thank you. Hello, everyone. Thank you so much, dr. Dukule, for your wonderful presentation your i wanted to ask if you could speak a bit more about infrastructural developments as it contributes to the ability to accomplish the goals listed under the five pillars. Thank you. A good way to end, particularly with the summit coming up. And maybe even just a little bit about kind of the next steps for this as you wrap up. And because of the presence of the summit and what you are hoping to accomplish there. Would the gentleman, about electricity, definitely i think electricity should have been i think it was part of the things that we had back, nina, coming out of the cold war process. Folky, we will open our markets but there are condition knows. They were summit conditions that the u. S. Market was not really open to africa. I dont think so. But there was electricity and that linked you to the issue of infrastructure. I think infrastructure is still the biggest problem in africa. To be transferred, electricity, roads, road network between countries and all of that. I think we still have big issues with infrastructure. And i think if we can come up with something from is the summit them i think she thinks this is a historic moment. That for the first on the us isnt okay, we can deal with all africa at one point, at some point. We can deal with the whole continent. Not in piecemeal that sit around the table with a whole continent and start a dialogue. What will come out of this meeting . I think is symbolic. I think the first meeting, such meeting, is always symbolic. Lets start a dialogue and lets follow up with real tangible issues. Lets set up committees. Lets set up a group of think tanks between africa and the u. S. Let the partnership be at a level of, not only academia, not only on the level of the politicians but also between the private sector on the whole continent. When we talk Patricia Maisch and we talk about Economic Transformation is first of all an issue that goes with the private sector. The private sector is part of our conversation. One of the high level meetings hopefully in south africa will be about partnership with the private sector. Had we feel the private public issue and whats with the role of the private sector in the 2015 Development Agenda . And i think we have that. What we expect from the summit, i think a dialogue on all these issues, on transformation, on new way of dealing with africa and getting out of the cluster of importing oil and gas from africa to go to different, you, to other sectors of the market. And also be more aggressive. And i think the u. S. Has been very shy in africa. Maybe has to do with our history. The history of the two continents, how, then, the last 500. U. S. Has been very shy but africa has the chance now to change around and say okay, it is an opportunity. There is a market. It is a rule of law in the countries and put the possibility on the continent that can be tackled. So thank you. Thank you very much, dr. Dukule. And thanks to dan. Thank you all for joining us. I do think, you know, theres mixed feelings about the summit coming up, but i think the point is right that its the beginning of a dialogue. May be getting over some of our phobias about africa and our notion that somehow making money and investing in africa, taking money is kind of unseemly for the United States. In fact, investment and trade are the things that are eventually going to drive the transformation. Youve got structural transformation as the number one killer, structural economic conservation and inclusive growth. That puts the electricity issue that you mentioned, the agriculture issue that you mentioned and the infrastructure issue right at the center of that. So please join me in thanking dr. Dukule, and we look forward to [applause]. [inaudible conversations] a couple of blighted instead to you about today. A senate panel will look at possible changes to the u. S. Tax code. That is why from the Senate Finance committee at 9 45 a. M. Eastern on cspan3. Later in the day a confirmation hearing for robert mcdowell, president obamas choice to replace Eric Shinseki as Veterans Affairs secretary. He will testify before the senate Veterans Affairs committee and you can see live coverage of his testimony starting at 3 p. M. Eastern also on cspan3. You can join the conversation on facebook and twitter. Ahead of the centers for Disease Control, dr. Tom frieden, called the mishandling of live anthrax by his agency unacceptable, and it showed a lax culture of safety at the cdc. He testified before the house energy and Commerce Committee last week. Good morning. The subcommittee today examines the cdc anthrax incident last month that potentially exposed dozens of cdc researchers to live anthrax because established safety procedures were not followed. Last friday, the cdc director announced the findings of cdcs own internal review of the incident and the corrective actions being taken. Cdcs review identified a fundamental flaw the agency had no written study plan to ensure the safety of its workers and the proper handling of live biological agents, like anthrax. The department of agricultures investigation revealed more disturbing details. During the inspection, cdc workers could not locate some of their anthrax samples. It took more than a week for the inspectors and cdc management to track down the anthrax samples that are in cdcs custody. Agriculture inspectors also uncovered that cdc was transferring dangerous materials from bioContainment Labs in ziploc bags. Disinfectant that cdc labs used for decontamination was expired. This is troubling and it is completely unacceptable. The centers for Disease Control is supposed to be the Gold Standard in the u. S. Public Health System and it has been tarnished. We rely on cdc to protect us and uphold the highest standards of safety. But the recent anthrax event and newly disclosed incidents have raised very serious questions about the cdcs ability to safeguard properly select agents in its own labs. The cdc director has called the potential anthrax exposure a wake up call. But as our investigation has uncovered, this is not cdcs first wake up call. Im not even sure wake up call is the proper term. That is a gross and dangerous understatement. It was a potentially very dangerous failure. A wake up call is catching before the danger occurs. Once a person is exposed to a serious pathogen, the danger is of a much higher magnitude. In 2006, the cdc Bioterrorism Lab sent live anthrax to two outside labs on a mistaken belief that the shipped anthrax was inactivated. Later that same year, inadequate inactivation procedures led another cdc lab to inadvertently ship live botulinum to an outside lab. In 2009, cdc learned from newly available test methods that a strain of brucella, which can cause a highly contagious infection, had been shipped to outside labs since 2001 because researchers had believed that it was a less dangerous strain. One must question the scientific qualification of such scientists. Reports by government watchdogs demonstrate that these events are not isolated incidents. Between 2008 and 2010, the hhs office of Inspector General issued three reports documenting concerns at cdc labs such as ensuring physical security of select agents and ensuring personnel received required training. An audit in 2010 found that a cdc scientist discovered select agents in a drawer in an unsecured lab during a reorganization, and another cdc scientist found 16 vials of a select agent stored in an unsecured freezer that was reportedly left over from an outbreak investigation many years earlier. This is reminiscent of the recent discovery of smallpox vials in a storage room on the nih campus. The smallpox was undocumnented, no one knew it was there, only discovered by accident. In 2011, the oig found that cdc did not monitor and enforce effectively certain select agent regulations at federal laboratories, including those at the cdc. In addition to the Inspector General audits, several gao reports in recent years have raised concerns about oversight of highContainment Labs, including those at the cdc. Despite the number of red flags, these incidents keep happening. We learned last friday that cdc scientists i