Dont find the purchase link in thepresentation. If youconsider the hardships weve been through over the past year the choice to support local and independent businesses has rarely been more necessary. Thank you. We would also like to extend a big thank you to our 2021 author, the david and Michael BlairFamily Foundation for their wealth of generous support. And here we go. Today it is our utmost pleasure to have with us world renowned theoretical physicist , professor michio kaku, author of many wonderful books but here to speak on his most recent masterpiece, the New York Times that seller the god equation the quest for a theory of everything. Todays physicists are on an epic adventure to combine isaac newtons laws of gravity and motion with the more recent discoveries of Quantum Mechanics and Albert Einsteins relativity which as of yet have proven to be incompatible. Ousucceeding in this endeavor will ultimately tie all the forces in the universe together into one beautiful equation that will unlock the deepest mysteries of space and time and that fascinating journey is the story of this book. Perfect server kaku is the cofounder of springfield. He continues einsteins search for a theory of everything, one that unites the fundamental forces of the universe. He is the science correspondent for cbs this morning because of the Popular Radio Program ryans fantastic and exploration and the host of many many terrific educational tvs does on bdc and the Discovery Channel. Welcome to todays program, doctor. Such a great introduction, i cant wait to hear the speaker myself. Now im a Research Physicist but i also work with bbc totelevision and the Discovery Channel and i get to interview some of the greatest minds of science and philosophy. And every time i interview trthese people i asked them the key question. The question of all questions e. The question that has haunted ndphilosophers and scientists for generations and that question is, is there intelligent life . On the earth . Well, i was watching the kardashians on tv last night and no intelligent life on this planet. But there is one question of all questions that really has haunted the greatest minds for the past 2000 years. Is there a unifying principle , a paradigm, a allconsuming theory, a god equation that would explain the richness, the variety , the splendor of our universe . And thats the story of my book, the 2000 year case to find a theory of everything. And equation perhaps no more than one inch long alluded Albert Einstein or the last 30 years of his life. Well, lets talk about the god equation because it has consumed the finest minds in the human race. Hundreds of physicists are working with adam smashers, working with detectors and outer space to try to unravel the secret of the universe itself. Inother words, the god equation. The equation who knows, maybe more no more than one inch long that will allow us to quote, read the mind of god. I first heard about this theory when i was eight years old. When i was eight years old something happened which changed my life completely. When i was eight years old everyone was talking about the fact that the great scientist had just died but on the evening news all they published was a picture of his desk and on the desk was an unfinished book and the caption said the greatest scientists of our time could not finish thisbook. Well, i was mesmerized. I said to myself wow. What could be so hard that he couldnt finish it . Couldnt he ask his mother . Its a homeworkproblem, everything is a homework problem. Whycouldnt you finish it . I was consumed with trying to figure out who was this man and what was so hard he couldnt finish it . I found out his name was Albert Einstein. And what he couldnt finish was. Everything. That would allow him in his own words to quote, read the mind of god. Well, i decided when i was around 17 to be part of this great revolution so i asked my mama one day mom, cannot get permission to build and im snatcher in the garage west and mark at 2. 3 million for particle accelerator and my mom kindastared at me. And she said sure. Why not . Dont forget to take out the garbage. I assembled 400 pounds of transformers and i built a beta on particle accelerator in the garage and i blew up all the Circuit Breakers in the house. My poor mom mustve said to herself why couldnt i have a son who plays baseball, why cant he play basketball and for godssake, why cant he find a nice japanese girlfriend. Why does he build these machines . I wasnt the only one mesmerized by the search for a theory of everything. And for 2000 years the greatest minds in history like democritus shown here thought that adams what were the basis of reality and that for elements made up the entire universe but it was pythagoras who had the most ingenious idea. He said its music. Only music is rich enough to explain all the richness and variety of the universe. So one day pythagoras was plucking a liar strength and the longer the string below are the notes and he went by a Blacksmith Shop and saw a sword being hammered. The longer the sword, the lower the notes and he said aha. Mathematics can explain music. The mathematics of residence. Each note, it gives you a vibration that could be measured in the laboratory. This was a breakthrough. Even found that a school to discover music and the laws of melodies, the laws of harmonies. Unfortunately the roman empire fell apart and for 1000 years, for 1000 years there was darkness. Superstition, magic and inquisition. And then in the year 1666, there was a great plague that hit london. One quarter of the population of london perished in this huge epidemic. One man was 23 years old. He was sent home because Cambridge University was locked down and he noticed an apple fall on hisestate. Then he saw themoon. Then he asked a question tfor the ages. If an apple falls, does the moon also fall . Well, you realize that yes, the moon alessio bodies, comets, theyre falling in free space but the mathematics was too great for his time so what did he do . He discovered calculus to solve calling apple and the following moon problem. His name was isaac newton and he created the first theory of almost everything a. And equation that summarized hithe laws of motion and this started the industrial revolution. Mechanics, steamengines. Buildings, tensions on bridges, all of it could be calculated using newtons laws of motion so whenever a force is unraveled, it changes Human History. Think about that. The four forces that govern the universe, each time a force was unraveled it changed Human History but newtons laws unleashing the industrial revolution. Amazing. And then 200 years later faraday and maxwell worked out magnetism and the show that is you very a Magnetic Field we get an electric field. If you very an electric field you get a Magnetic Field and that brought generators, like bowls, the electric orevolution took place because once again a unifying theme emerged. Electricity and magnetism are two sides of the same coin. In the same way newton unified heavenly physics with like physics, faraday and maxwell redefined electricity with magnetism and then maxwell made the observation for the ages. If the electric field can create a Magnetic Field and a Magnetic Field can create an electric field can they vibrate, can they vibrate together to create a moving wave . He then calculated the speed of the wave and he was shocked out of his mind. The speed of this wave was the speed of light. He said this is like. Thats what light is. The unification of electric and Magnetic Fields, each one turning into the other. So the universe was simpler than we thought. Radio, television, microwaves, ultraviolet, xrays, all that summarized by the world of Michael Faraday and james s maxwell unifying electricity and magnetism. Then along comes einstein who says tequals mc squared. M is the mass of hydrogen in the sun. He is the energy of sunlight. In other words equals mc squared unified matter and energy giving us the stars. The secret of the sun lies in the unification of matter and energy so once again it is unification that is the fundamental theme of the universe. But the question is unifying what is being unified . Before world war ii, a new philanthropy began to emerge. First of all all of biology can be expressed in terms of chemistry. All of chemistry can be expressed in terms of physics. All of physics in turn can be expressed in terms of two theories. The theory like big banks, black holes and the theory of the small which is lasers and transistors, computers, the internet. This conversation is even possible as a quantum theory but the problem is these two theories are like each other. Why should god have a lefthand and righthand that dont talk to each other. Not possible. Theres got to be a unification of the lefthand and righthand. There we have world war ii and it shows the power of this theory once again when i you the unification of the principle of force that was unraveled changed Human History. First we had the industrial revolution. Then we had the electric revolution and then the Nuclear Revolution and after world war ii we begin to smash adams and what do we find . S,chaos. A zoo of subatomic particles emerge. This was not supposed to happen. Robert oppenheimer said in frustration quote, the nobel prize in physics should go to the physicist who does not discover a new particle this year. Six was in turmoil. Why should the quantum theory of particles be so messy. Things were supposed to be simpler. That was the lessonwe thought we learned but then no, nature had other plans for us. So we builtbigger adams mashers. Much of the ones i dont in high school. These gigantic large page on colliders smashing protons together and this is what they found. It is an ugly, it is a clumsy theory but hey, it works. Its a lowenergy it does explain electrons, protons, courts and its called the standard model. The standard model is well, quite ugly. Icthe theory that only a mother can love. It has 36 courts and antiports, three identical generations of redundant nsparticles. 23 parameters that you can adjust anyway you want. Lookat this thing. Why should god be so fundamentally chaotic and random at the fundamental level. Theres got to be a higher theory. So this is thelowenergy theory but what is the highenergy theory. To weeks ago you probably saw it in the New York Times. Two weeks ago a crack, a crack was found in this elstandard model. The first crack by the way in 50 years. For 50 years this clumsypuddle has held sway because it works. But it higher energies it must fail. Why should nature be so malicious to create a universe with a lefthand and righthand apart from each other and one hand look at this, a mess. Us thats why people are saying theres got to be a principal. Paradigm. Theres got to be a paradigm that somehow unifies all this zoo of subatomic particles and we think it could be music. The music of subatomic particles. It of violent strain each note corresponds to a vibration but if i had a microscope it could look into another trend i would not see. We think. I would see a rubber band. Usand when you play the rubber band it changes frequency and you have to get it a different name so you call it a neutrino. You claim it again, it changes frequency and youhave to give it another name so you call it a quirk. Playing it enough times and this rubber band is you all the subatomic particles in nature. This is called string theory. So in other words why do we have so many particles. Theyre nothing but notes. Notes on a vibrating string like a, bflat, c sharp. What is physics . Physics is a harmony of these strings. Iwhat is history . History is melanie you can. W play with each strings bump into each otherwhat is the universe . The universe is the symphony of strings and what is the mind of god einstein spent 30 years of his life chasing after . The mind of god was the cosmic music resonating through hyperspace. That we think could be the mind of god. In fact you can summarize all of stringtheory into one equation. Thats my equation. My equation is about an inch and a half long. Its not the final equation however because more recently we discovered there are membranes flike beach balls or volleyballs. Membranes that can also vibrate. We think our universe is a membrane so therefore this is not the final equation. This is not yet the god equation. Maybe somebody else listening to this program, a young person whos energized by this talk. Maybe you will find the true god equation and when you do let me give you some advice. First tell me first. And we will publish together and split the nobelprize money. Now, the next question is how can you test a theory like this . There are five ways you can test this theory. You can look for new particles and forces, a fifth force like what happened just two weeks ago at fermi lab outside chicago. A crack was found in thestandard model. Maybe that crack can be filled by a particle predicted by string theory. In other words the next octave up. We are the next octave of strings, maybe the next octave could explain this discovery two weeks ago and dark matter which makes up most of the universe, dark matter is invisible but its productive by string theory. But gravity waves, ill talk about that in a minute. The incidence of creation itself may be photographed using gravity detectors. New accelerators are being proposed by the japanese, chinese and europeans and maybe they they are deviations in gravity so lets take a few of these wave ways to test the theory. Every textbook, every high School Textbook usually says the universe is made mainly of atoms. Wrong, thats not true anymore. Most of the universe is made out of dark matter which is invisible and predicted by string theory. String theory says there are higher octaves ofvibrating strings. The next octave would have invisible matter. So this could be the origin of dark matter. Dark matter is invisible how do we know its there . Well, how do we know your glasses are there . Like light bends when it goes through your glasses, thats why we know theres class there and the same thing with dark matter. Light bends when it goes through dark matter and thats how we know dark matter is there and itcould be nothing but a higher vibration of the string. And the questions that children ask maybe the string theory can add to them. Children ask the question mommy, daddy, if the universe is expanding what is it expanding into and children ask the question if you fall into a black hole where do you go . Or is time travel possible . Can you go backwards in time or are there gateways, wormholesto other universes . What lies beyond the black hole, is there a white hole on the other side . Are thereother universes . None of these questions can be answered within the current framework. You need a higher theory and thats where string theory comes in. Lets try to test this theory. The European Space agency and nasa are proposing to get baby pictures of the instant of creation. This is laser enter pharmacy space antenna, a gravity wave detector inouter space. Proposed by the europeans and the americans. It would give us the pictures of the infant universe, 1 trillionth of a second after its birth. And when we analyze these baby pictures will see the universe, the infant universe emerging from the womb. And maybe just maybe will find evidence of an umbilical cord. An umbilical cord connecting our instance universe to parents universe. In parallel universe. And whats on the other side of the blackhole. If you fall in you just die . What happens when you go through ablack hole. Is it a white hole on the other end of a blackhole. In 1935 Albert Einstein and a student nathan rosen defies the Einstein Rosen bridge shown here. It connects to universes together with a bridge, the Einstein Rosen bridge. Connecting our universe to another universe and perhaps another universe is in a different time in which case this would be, a time machine. So think about it, physicists are now meeting the world of science fiction. Now you seen this before. Where have you seen this before in a Childrens Book . Years ago there was an oxford mathematician by the name of Charles Dobson. He knew about wormholes, mathematicians call them multiply connected spaces. They dont call them wormholes, the press calls them wormholes. Se however Charles Dobson decided to write a book about them and he could not use his name of course, he was a distinguished professor of idmath so he wrote under a pseudonym, Lewis Carroll and he called it true through the Looking Glass. The Looking Glass is the wormhole. A gateway between our universe and all parallel universe. And then the next question im sure youre going to ask me is if there is a gateway, a wormhole between us and a parallel universe, then is Elvis Presley still alive in a parallel universe . And the answer is probably yes. According to the quantum theory. So were talking about a multiverse of universes now. It was einstein who said that i universe is a bubbleof some sort. We live on the skin of the bubble. Cthe bubble is expanding. Thats all the Big Bang Theory the string theory says there could be other universes out there and as universes collide or fission, thats called the big bang. So the big bang could be a collision oof the multiverse. A multiverse of universes. I find this aesthetically pleasing because you see, my parents were buddhists. And in buddhism there is no beginning or end. It just is nirvana but i was raised as a presbyterian. And in the presbyterian religion there is an instance when god said let there be light. There was a genesis so either the universe had a beginning or it didnt. Theres no tw