Quite an amazing brief im going to talk about ground rules and turn it over o peter so many of you know peter quite well. He is the john hay professor of International Studies here at brown hes a professor also of International Public affairs, and Political Science. He joined the institute . In 2001 and previously he had worked at reid college, had been in Academy Scholar at the Harvard UniversityResearch Fellow at brookings, and also Ssrc Macarthur Foundation fellow of International Peace in security he got his ma and ph. D. In government in cornell and b. A. In Political Science at swathmother. Peter is just one of the truly unique and wonderful combinations of serious scholars, innovative, gifted teachers and really just a wonderful colleague. I was very fortunate to gets to know peter in 2013 and associate director of the qat son institute and translated brown and we were partners in crime for a couple of years trying to reimagine the Watson Institute which i think, has done extremely, extremely well. Aside from being truly a good teacher prolific and high impact scholar. Hes the author, coauthor, and coed tore of ten books, previous to this book he published a terrific book called smuggler nation how e elicit trade america which is something that we should be reminded of these days that came out in 2013 and selected by amazon and by Foreign Affairs as well of the very best books of the year. Before that, he wrote a really again one of the first books that i read of peters which was blue helmet and black markets. The business of or so survival and siege really a terrific book that talks about a particular moment in history. And i think what this does something her nation does and with rebel mother is that it actually takes an issue whether its like whats going on during the siege or o how to we think about elicit trade and smuggling, and it takes this issue that you think is kind of a little offcenter, but shows how it has actually central to the way that we understand peace and politicals International Phenomenon as well. Done a lot of work as on issues of border, hes now working on issue ors of drugs and way that we understand it and with peter hes a i believe to take these issues. Show is theyre relevant to mainstream. But talk about them in a way that youre actuallien gauged and you read the book and you it is very, very accessible so its a real pleasure to have you as a colleague. And friend this book which were going to be hearing about today and hopefully all of you had a chance to it look at it if not i think theyre going to be sold outside is just an incredible book that blends together a story of peters mom a story of their relationship between peters mommy and himself. Overtime that especially when he was young are. But also the story of what was going on politically in this country and also abroad in a certain era, and weaving together those different narratives incredibly creative way i think makes this a very compelling story and actually brings to life, makes it personal and real what was going on in this era and how people are are responding to it so again a really terrific book. The mat is that peter will talk about the book for maybe about a half hour and then afterwards well sit together over there, and ill kick off discussion by asking him, a couple of questions. And then well hope it up to the broader audience for a q and a session. I want to remind everyone that this session is actually being taped by cspan. Which is fantastic. And that means two things one is please turn off your phone. And because that wouldnt be great, and second one is, if, when you have questions, please just wait for a minute for the microphone because otherwise people wont hear the questions during rossering and let me turn it over to pert and thank you for bring us this wonderful piece of. [applause] work. Thank you very much. Thank you all for coming on this wet, gray, cold day doesnt feel like spring quite yet. The reason rick gave introduction is not simply because i needed to give this really glowing intro. Or that hes the publish university but rather because despite that, yes because when had he first arrived to brown we worked close together and he was the first person who figured out that i was writing this book and those of you who know rick know he has extra antenna for these thaings figures out whats going on. Quickly than most and not only did he figure out i was writing this book but he wanted to see it right away. Like immediately so i gave him that draft which was really not a very good draft at that point. And he took it and i think, he it overnight and has insomnia so he reads overnight. And gave me great comments the next day after that. So im grateful because this is a book that i do not broadcast widely that i was working on. I didnt quite believe it was happening until i actually had a publisher to rick was early important source of a support on this project. Not your typical science book, obviously, not wearing my Political Science hat today. But i should say its about politics. So theres continuity here with my other work and, in fact, it is possibly the most deeply political thing ive ever written. And you know, it basically reflects the old saying that personal is political and it is impossible to imagine me being a political scientist today if it wasnt for this intensely political childhood. So its a story that ive long had in my head didnt know what to do with long thought about, writing something at some point in my life about. But i never got around to it and i never really thought i had enough raw material to work with. I didnt entirely trust memory to produce a book. So what made this possible . Well, tragically, it was my mothers death that made this possible o. She died very suddenly unexpectedly, and going through her things, i discovered had her diary covering decades. In fact, her diary are was sitting next to her bed where she died, and the last line in her diary was i think im having a heart attack. Thats where a diary ends, and it goes back decades to my childhood. And so i started reading and couldnt stop reading. And as her son but also as a researcher and i think my, goodness i have a book here had. So rt paves therapeutic but i can finally tell the story so what is this booksome it is a book about life on the run with my radical mother. You know covered three states and five considerates and lived in a dozen homes and i went to a dozen schools between ages of five and 11. I skipped various grades. Missed search grades, much of the time wasnt even in school at all. So its a personal story in that sense but also a story about a radical era so rick alluded to, in some ways the story captures era told through this particular family drama. The 60s and 70s tore the country apart in many ways also tore some families apart and this was one of them. So what im going to do today and different for me im not just going to talk about the argument in the book and evidence presented and so on. I will actually do some reading which is a little different style of presentation for me. I should mention you know those of most have not looked at the book, of course. But the diary not only provided gave me the confidence to write this story but actually l weave the diaries and her letters correspondents so on throughout the book and nt it made it possible for me to actually do something ive never done in writing before which is dialogue. Have dialogue it took me a while to adjust to writing dialogue and i did and she was such a good writing with in her diary that i was table to extend and use that material to coming up with actual dialogue so if you wonder how i came with some of this stuff in the book, mostly the diaries. All right so i will selective readings basically the idea is cap different moments in the story and i will jump ahead to september 11, 1973. S just after 9 a. M. September 11th, 197 we huddled around radio in the kitchen. Listening intently as president salvador broadcast what were to be his last publicly spoken words. Just got back from our first rend of tending to cows, horses, other animal when is she yelled for us to listen to the radio. The president ial palace was being bombed. The military was staging acue with the support of the countrys disgruntled wealthy elite and the United States we saw as part of a growing chonnist threat in the region. I ended never to give up to the military you would be dead within hours. Behooved it was that taken out claim he committed suicide with an ak47 Assault Rifle given to him by fidel castro. I heard his voice with solemn yet depiengt. Long live chile long live the people. Long live the workers. These are my last words. Im certain that my sacrifices will not be in vain im certain a moral listens that will punish felony, coward and treason. When the radio fell slengt i could think only of my mother where was she . Was she safe . Would i ever see again . I didnt comprehend the situation but i was fluent enough in spanish at this point to understand the words. And knew enough to recognize that my mother could be in danger. Afterall she was an a actress support effort of the left of the government that violently been overthrowned indeed her complaint was that had hadnt been left just enough. Her sympathies were actually with the more radical chilean mirror [inaudible conversations] or revolutionary left movement. She thought it should have districted articles to workers in preparation for a possible military cue. I had not seen or heard from her in more more than a month and had no idea to reach my father or anyone else. At that moment i felt more alone. More cutoff, than any other time in my life. I had been happy living on the farm. But now it suddenly seemed as if i was there in the midst of a political hurricane. Voice was gone forever. Rosa sat staring at the radio in stunned silent and glanced over at me force a smile perhaps trying to comfort me but i could see fear in her dark eyes. And so after elgopa right wring military the man who had willed chile for next 17 years i anxiously waited for my mothers return. My mind raced with scary possibilities. Was my mother imprisoned . Tortured in a morgue maybe in an unmarked cave never to be found. And when i wondered what it would be like if i stayed there with roses family would i end up with no sticks, no sox selling top and bottom of my shoes together to keep them l from falling apart . Or would my father somehow find me and take me to the safety of michigan . That thought was comforting but also disturbing. To mean my mother had never come back now she did come back a few weeks later but as you can imagine few weeks of waiting were rather traumatic, she and i i had been living on a farm 500 kilometers south when the cue happened, and we were not together and she showed up and took me with her. We then fled the country to argentina. Shortly thereafter now im going to skip ahead. More light hearted story u now in peru living with my mothers peruvian boyfriend half her age, im in a local public school, the only grengo around so this sanction is titled [inaudible conversations] as soon as i started school in 1974 the lice arrived. I tried to draw my notebook while lice fell from my hair on to the page and crawled around many in circles. As if they were trying to get my attention i thought they were falling off my head because it was so crowded there and not enough room for them all. I imagined bloody fistfights as they fought over land a white landscape of thousands of tiny eggs. At first i was startled i would have been em parsed but many had their own colonies of it. My mother spent many e a late evening hour patiently combing eggs out of my hair with a special tooth comb. Affection of grooming routine of monk o can is picking insects off each other we tried everything. Special soaps shampoos even resorted to kerosene. Leaving an awful smell in my hair that lasted for day, nothing worked. My mother probably spent more time combing lice eggs out of my hair than she did cooking wanted to cook it would have been much too difficult all we had was a burner hot plate, no fridge so meal at home usually meant crusty bread and jelly for breakfast along with tear coffee. After school my mother and raul her boyfriend were often at a political event. My mother paid someone to feed me but typically a bowl of rice. Meal soup, piece of bread, a main course of mix of rice, potatoes and meat. His wife hula and a two daughters treated me like family. Still especially nice to me when he was sober. But he always smelled like sweated alcohol. One night, announced that he had a cure for my lice problem. It had worked on his kids would i want to give it a try . This girl giggled. They wouldnt say what it was, though. It works they promised. After dinner, they took me out back to muddy fenced yard where they kept their goats, chickens and ducks. Lower your head instructed them. I need to douse your hair stay still dont move. I did exactly as he said bending over as far as i could in the dark. A lukewarm shower of sticky salt water landed on my head. My senses swarmed in unmistakable smell nothing stinks quite like urine. And theres nothing quite like having a pot of fee dumped on your head. Now rub it in real good he said. I reached up, and massaged the urine into my lice infested scalp. Hard had tear use both hands had. So i wouldnt offend him i rubbed it into my head with gus i began to stand up but he stopped me. He wanted to just you need just a bit more he said. There was no pee left in the chamber pot. So he zipped his pants pulled out his pee us in and released a hot stream rights on my head. Taking care not to misany spots. I was so drenched that even my ears were full there that should do it. Gagging i desperately wanted to rings my hair and wash with off my salty face. But he stopped me again. Now, let it set there for a little while he said. It has had to soak in. And so i sat patiently pee drawing on my eyelids waiting for minutes to tick by. It works exactly as promised. It turned out that the lice living on my head were even more disgusted than i was. Few weeks later, though, they were back in full force perhaps because other kids at school still had lice. Procreating laying eggs more than ever. But i didnt ask for another treatment all right now, my mother and raul her boyfriend she was about 41 at this time and he was about 21. And very intense relationship, they also had very intense political relationship. What i mostly remember about them, in fact, is arguing about politics. And fortunately he has the blow by blow of their politics in her diaries as well so i reconstruct ared one big argument that that narrate to you as much as they loved each other they could argue about anything especially anything to do with politics. Political wrestling matches simultaneously inpure rated them and lasted with brief rests in between in the day. I hate christ raul suddenly declared one day. He did the seem to be trying to pick a fight but my mother could not resist responding not necessary to struggle against evils of christianity. And off they went a verbal fistfight between atheist was jesus a patroltarian and against rich and powerful and a pacifist could you still believe in lean no said rule yes said my mother. To you defended christ were you reaction their, no pin cysted my mother. Yes, insisted raul. So that mean you mean im a reaction their he said, incredulous he huffed in reply. My mother said it was nice that jesus want disciples to wash each others feet. Teaching humility always supposed to be humble raul replied. My mother shot back, it suspect realistic to expect people to throw away off their lifelong religious beliefs in one jump it is politically smarter to attack the church and a its doctrines rather than to attack jesus and his life. Raul replied i dont care about convincing hold people but young peruvians that need to hate christ and all he symbolizes oh raul dont be so dismissive have you even read the bible he declared just remember what mark said religion in the opioid of the masses. Yes, but. Doesnt mean there isnt anything to be learned from the bible. She replied. One weekend afternoon raul took a bunch of familiar religious songs and substituted names marks, linen and mow for jesus. He thought it was a create arive square to try to convert christians to the revolutionary cause pleased with himself he proudly showed the doctor song sheets to my mother when she came home confident she would be impressed by his brilliant idea. He was hoping to sing a song as part of his act and maybe sell copies on the street. Completely backfired. My mother was not only unimpressed she was mad. You turned markism into a religion raul was stunned it is tactic to political size masses, no it mere perpetuates institutes marks for jesus is not progress to revolution raul. Angry raul lit a match urpdz song sheets until it caught fire in the middle of the room. My mother and i both jumped raul youre crazy she screamed at him stomping out o the fire. Ashes from ash from burn sheets floating up and spreading across the room. You could have burned the whole place down. Always without resolution about what my mother called, quote, the root causes of measuring achezmo and female oppression. Frustrate ared my my mother per sistant raul lashed out saying as a north american, she was [inaudible conversations] the during of imperialism. She would then countinger well raul remember that you were not the most oppressed person in the world because youre not a woman. Never work twod out an Effective Response to that line. One saturday several monthses after we moved their debate about female o oppression lasted the entire day. Argued into the shower and they argued on the way back. It was it as if i wasnt even there. That day they got so mads at each other over their different oppression that they decide decide to part ways our shower outing raul kicking at rocks are on the roads and storming off. Then my mother saw i started to cry and put her arm around my shoulder if it isnt well well still be fine. After raul returned home a few hours later, arguments picked up where they had left off and a continued into the night. As they tried to make up, my mother told raul sincerely, i understand that youre just is trying to get revenge is against youngies and then added getting to know me its your way of getting to know white Imperialist Society and seeing enemy up close. Now, im not sure is that really made raul feel any better. But they did stop arguing. At least for that night. Ill switch gears a little bit. The year into being in peru we were broke. And my mother had not actually ever had a financial settlement with my father over the divorce. So we had to go back. And try to settle things with him. And its hard for me