Tonight, our conversation with Tennessee Republican senator bob corker when his early career in business. I had come in, started working like most folks when i was 13 doing all kinds of odds and ends, a construction laborer in kind of a rough carpenter when i graduate from college. I ended up being a construction superintendent. So after about four years, i have built some reasonable malls around the country and learned how to build projects, and i saved 8000. So when i was 25, i went in business. And i started doing a lot of repeat work, Small Projects like to get paid quickly. The company grew at about 80 a year the whole time, ended up building Shopping Centers around the country, retail projects in 18 states. So it was an energizing, a great place to be. I mean, the energy when you come in the front door it would almost knock you down. And i sold that when i was 37, to a young man who had worked with me for many, many years, and then, of course, have done several things since there ended up acquiring a good deal of real estate and through the years, through portfolios and other companies, anyway, i love being in business. As a matter fact i loved everything ive done. And later, senator Amy Klobuchar are. She called me and i picked up the cell phone rather than walking in the senate and she was in tears and she said, mom, they said we cant wea were a bi at the pool party but you can wear canteen these which are these longer may drift she said dad doesnt understand the difference between a bikini and a tankini. I said getting on the phone now. I thought im not doing this balance very well. And i think for any mother it doesnt matter if youre a senator or if youre a nurse trying to balance a family and work. You never do it perfectly and anyone who says that they do is wrong. American profile interviews with senators opcode for and Amy Klobuchar are tonight at 8 p. M. Eastern on cspan, cspan radio and cspan. Org. The title is down to the crossroads, civil rights, black power. And it is a civil rights march that begins in memphis and in three weeks later and jackson. In those three weeks you can make an argument for Suffrage Movement anyways transform competitive approach is crossroads. The call for black power is first heard on the march. Stokely carmichael unveils out midway through the march ended generate controversy. It generates a great swelling of enthusiasm among many black people. In a lot of ways it ignites a new direction of black politics. Know, those changes that have happened over the course of time anyway but what the meredith marsh did was dramatize this shift is about to go civil rights leaders and regular people, white and black from all across the country and put them into this laboratory of black politics as it moves through mississippi. They created all these dramatic moments that highlighted the key divisions, some of the key tensions but also some of the key strengths that have long animated the suppression of it spent public of the Civil Rights Movement saturday night at 10 eastern and sunday at nine on afterwardafterward s. March 2 more about black power and the Civil Rights Movement, your calls, comments and tweets live from noon to 3 p. M. Eastern in depth on cspan2s booktv. And apple tvs book club you still time to comment on februarys in depth guest bonnie morris, read womens history for beginners and then go to booktv. Org to enter the chat room. We are live at the center for strategic and International Studies here in washington. Federal officials and Telecommunications Executives will be taking part in a discussion on the upcoming spectrum reallocation and how that will impact National Security. Pathless will discuss the procedures, policies and programs needed to make more spectrum available for new innovations and increased Economic Growth while maintaining National Security. Back in december fcc, we are postponing the instant of wireless spectrum auction until 2015. This is live coverage on cspan2. I should get underway in just a few moments. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] once again were alive at the center for strategic and International Studies here in washington for discussion on the upcoming spectrum reallocation and how that will impact National Security. Should get started here in just a couple of minutes live on cspan2. President obama today will be in Upper Marlboro maryland at the safeway just a vision center, the president will be talking a fuel efficiency standards. That will be on a companion network cspan starting at about 11 20 eastern. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] i would like people to take your seats so we can go ahead and get started. My name is jim lewis. We are here at csis where we are starting another round of discussions on spectrum policy and Spectrum Management. I didnt realize the last one was so long ago but this is the field that we have been interested in, we at csis have been interested in for a while. With a great panel. Our keynote speaker is general robert wheeler, who will be going through his slides and giving us some information on dods thinking on Spectrum Management and reallocation. Thanks for coming out on a day that the news outlets predicted would be one of unparalleled snow and blizzard, so i appreciate your heartiness, even though general, would you like to come up . So, i do know all the folks on the panel. We are usually yelling at each other so this ought to be a little bit of an interest discussion. Thanks for coming out. I know the snow is bad and i was a little eight. It took about 46 minute to be exact. So that was little bit of pain that i did not expect. I think this is important subject. And important subject for a nation because i think it talks to the National Security issue as was the economic issue and to be frank those are intertwined. Those are together. Thats one of the important takeaways if you take nothing else away that National Security and the Economic Growth and capability of strength of our nation are one. I think thats where we all need to think about this from the perspective. The other piece that i would like to make sure you walk away with is the international flavor. Its hard for people to fully understand sometimes asked to the spectrum played from a worldwide perspective. Because while we can make a domestic plan, if ill satellites over in the same spectrum that come from many countries, thats going to be a problem because of that particular point we start in either with air satellite and that causes problems for them to help us when we need help overseas for the same exact reason. Theres a very Strong International flavor that doesnt always get hurt well but that is a big deal. The world has become smaller. Theres no doubt with the advent of the internet and the way we are connecting together it is a much smaller world and that aspect is a critical part of spectrum. Let me talk to you more about our perspective on this from a dod site and where we think were going because a lot has changed. Slide, please. I can do that. There we go. Okay, this looks like a very complex slide but is there something to take away from it, but bottom line. Spectrum is a thread that ties all of dod together. The other part of the aspect of it is if you think about, think a three dimension. Think of the space dimension which is the across the top, the air dimension which is those aircraft theyre going back and forth, and the terrestrial. At that particular point of three communication layers, and all of them connect together on voice, video and data and all have to be across all three pieces. To all the way from space, all the way to the air layer and all the way down to the terrestrial later, all those connections occur and thats really what happens from a db perspective. I think youre seeing that in a domestically as well in the training and were seeing that grow and grow. Let me give you an example. I am a b2 Stealth Bomber guys went flying across the world in a nation and a combat or noncombat situation, i have a connection to the satellite continuously. I have data coming in. I have a laptop that sits between me that has Microsoft Office on it. So i get emails and things of that particular nature on the at the same time i got link 16 showing all the other aircraft and all the other potential threats that are out there in my particular screen. Im giving voice. All that is occurring at the same time so im receiving data, two separate screens, also receiving voice multiple in most cases. Coming from satellite, terrestrialbase base and at the time im also starting to get little pieces and parts of nonvoice type things, beats and squeaks and things understand that tell me where the threats are. All thats happening at the same time so you can intertwined all three of those thats an example of what we are seeing up in that particular slide. Next please. One back. Okay. On this particular site were talking about the data. Its a very interesting slide, takes a while to get to understand. Take a look at the topline this shows the traffic growth. Traffic growth in stabilizing. We will also see the per device growth. That is at a lower level but what is clear is that traffic, the amount of traffic is growing at a clear 20 . As the bison was drop off as dumb which were growing every year, traffic is still going up at about a 20 clip every year. That means dan is going to be the future. What does that any . Spectrum. Were growing at a rate that is somewhat stabilizing at this particular point but it is clear more spectrum is going to be required for more efficient use of spectrum and i will talk about both of those. Right here were seeing the whole commercial broadband peace to it is tied back to Economic Growth. Theres no doubt about it. If you take a look at our nation the way i look at it is delightfully United States with passion can. Is possible for a business perspective. You can imagine data to every rule air in the country. Can you imagine what we can do from a business perspective . This is about americas creativity. Its about americas ability to stay competitive and keep its edge. That goes from a military perspective as well as an Economic Perspective across the board. I think we are intertwined together and thats a clear message from my perspective. The president has pushed for a 500 1000 megahertz or more if possible. We are definitely pushing hard towards 501,000 that we understand. What does that drive . One of them is its driving technology, driving technology to be more efficient. How do we do this better, make it so were not a spectral on . The pcast message was clear, it spoke to both the federal aspects of it and the commercial aspects of it. So those are intertwined. How do we get better across the board so we use the limited spectrum that we have more efficiently. Thats good for all of us. Slide. I love this life because we talked about what we have to do. Try to weve all of the spectrum through, everything we do as a spectral impact whether its electronic warfare, whether its talking to a weapons in an aircraft, whether its moving stuff from fedex across the country, all of this touches the spectrum and its, we we this through and every time you had one more spectrum you have to be extreme be careful of what it touches. I think thats a critical part because you can start to interfere with each other, start to cause problems and you can have a real issue. Example, if youre talking about Missile Defense and you have a specific frequency where from a commercial aspect you look and tell you to use that very often, i think yes, thank god i dont use a very often from a Missile Defense perspective, but i have had a frequency when i needed otherwise you could lose thousands of lives. Thats a perspective that we have to understand that at the same time with the technology out there with a dynamic spectrum, we may be able to use that with a guarantee that the priority is when a Missile Defense, it automatically becomes clear. Those are the things were looking at. We were not able to do in the past. We were just on the frequency. In the future with technology we may not have to do that and thats a key use of it and well see that in many other aspects about the Spectrum Management. Slide. Right here is what it looks like. How do i get and maximize my use of a limited resource, have i make that happen . Thats where we were. Think about satellites today. I have satellites today that the Telecom Industry needs and i will put that need. Those satellites have been up for someone almost 30 just. 30 years ago we were not worried about the width of the spectrum from where we were in a particular arena. But to take a satellites down now and to replace them with a new satellite because i cant change the transmitter in orbit, would cost billions of dollars. How do i do that . How do i balance do not have to take and satellites like that and caused billions of dollars from taxpayer perspective, at the same time give a spectrum for the right people who need the right information . Slide. You can see the planes. Every single piece of part from cell phones to radar to weather radars to highfrequency, the beauty, from radars from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles all across this. How do i get the maximum amount of limited resource . What i will call the spectral reconstruction and thats exactly in a lot of ways what i see our nation right now because in some aspects were changing things around. The interesting part is the international peace. I brought that up in the beginning that we can go to domestic went all day long but just keep in mind satellites are whizzing right by getting fit which is across our nation as we speak. Other ships come into our harbors, all of a sudden. Think about from the military perspective. If im going into some particular area and im taking down the door i might not care what the spectrum is in that particular place but if im rebuilding a nation, if im in afghanistan or iraq or the philippines trying to take care of asurvival issues i want to be able to use spectrum that does not hinder their own efforts within the country. Glad to have an International Level of spectrum i can go into and use all the time without anything with their spectrum. I think that support for everybody to realize that we are seeing a normalization of some these things across the world affords the spectrum frequency. That also is from a business perspective because if you sell products, you can also do standard cell across the world or whatever it is youre doing, whether its a new kind of a land, or if some other type of a radio youre trying to sell. Slide. Heres an interesting comparative piece. This comes up a lot in discussion. I leave until i get the numbers and have these slides printed out for congressional, the first is the three gigahertz which they call the prime beach frontage. Because its something that our Technology Allows us to use very efficiently, if you will and it also has good distance coverage. It has good distance coverage, good penetration into buildings if you will so why your cell phone works in certain buildings of why Certain Congress to work as well. It might be frequency. Has to do with the spectrum. But we hear a lot about what the federal owned. The federal side to it, 14. 1 is allocated to the federal government on an exclusive basis at this particular point. Twiki uses half of that. Its less than half of that. Dod uses half of that. 54 issued between federal and nonfederal uses. We share today. We are pretty good at it so we are sharing is something that is happening today, the way we do sharing today i would argue in the way we do tomorrow is two different things. Much more efficient ways of doing it and much more automated ways of doing this that allow us to use that frequency even tighter. When you combine more efficient spectral capabilities of just the technology, and the ability to use any more efficient manner from a shared perspective, you can open up a lot of that beachfront property very quickly. On the second part we talk about the three to six gigahertz which is felt less second best beachfront property. Second most desirable. 8 is allocated on a federal exclusive basis. 18 is allocated for nonfederal. 74 issued between federal and nonfederal uses. This is important from a lot of perspective. Back one slide, if you would. To do this, forward slash, please, correctly, ive to take this into account and how im going to do. I have to take technology and how we will do the sharing in the future to make sure we get this right for all, federal agencies, not federal agencies in the government and for all commercial aspects. To get this right we can make this a winwin situation for all. Slide. Heres what were going with an individual effort thats happening right now. Its been an actual were the interesting one for my perspective. The original plan if you look up at the top, 17551850 was primarily military and federal assistance across the board. The plan was to go into the band to the right which is part of the broadcasting been. We took a look, spent a year going up and because thats normal way. We vacate spectrum and we move to new spectrum. Spectrum that is also vacated at that particular point. So the bill from dod perspective was about 13 billion. If you look at all the federal agencies across the board, it was somewhere around 17 18 million, all validated and verified numbers with multiple looks from different aspects. You have to think about this but if youre taking than satellites an