Black and brown children are being pipelined in the prisons in the u. S. And there is excesses of our people. Funneled into service jobs not needed for manufacturing anymore. This makes it impossible for folks to live in the neighborhoods who they grew up and lived. But some are not. Even if they graduated and their School Closed they are intervened to be murdered by the state. We let legal weapons empty on to our black and brown youth. Christian taylor, sandra, black, freddie gray, walter scott, tommy robinson, bethany hill, victor whiteberg, tyree woodson, milo brown, antone ford, parker, john parker the third, eric garner, ivette stick, ryan stokes, jonathan, emani gray, donte price, joanne brown, johnny warren, johnson, raymond oliver, brown, malika williams, kendrick, robert dummas junior, sharma edwards, damion robinson, treyvon martin, tamir rice. Everything in life failed her, she raises her gates to the street protest. We are gathered together to end White Supremacy because this is resistant. [applause] do we have a time check to see about question and answer . One or two questions. Anybody have a one or two questions . When the United States was originally founded, there were very few police departments. Mostly all of the states made sheriffs over each county. And i think the sheriffs were elected by the people. Today there is a situation where there is hundreds of Different Police departments and offices like the transportation, parking, they have all of these Different Polices like School Police and state police. They are creating these departments and none of them, or very few of them, have a chief elected by the people. The sheriffs in states were elected by the people and if there were Police Brutality the people could get rid of the sheriff and get another one and that would straighten out the problem. But they are appointed now and not elected by the people. Are there any organizations trying to make more accountability over the police by having the Police Chiefs be elected . First, i think the important thing is having a historical analysis with this belief. It goes all the way back to slavery. It goes back to those who are hired to be slaveholders who were trying to keep control of interactions by slaves and capture run away slaves. These were the first forms of the police in the south. In the north they were private agencies and not elected. They were hired by capitalist to control and protect their property. In the north, it was the scene with wear ware houses. These were the earliest forms of the police. We can go in the history and transformation but we have to under that the police are here to maintain the status quo. Those whose best interest are served by the status quo that is where the police are controlled by. It takes more than just electing. It takes a transformation of the entire system. Then we can talk what forms of security we need to secure what we have created. It is not just about reforming the police. It is about transforming the system in which police have been licensed or whatever to protect. [applause] all right. Thank you. All done. None of the people who spoke here are running out of the ramsso if you have questions th will be around i am betting. On wednesday, president obama announceded the nomination of carla hayden to become the 14th librarian of congress. She has been the ceo of the free prat library in baltimore, maryland since 1993. In 2012, she joined the panel at the International Summit of the book discussing the role of cultural institutions in fostering the future of the book. We are coming to a discussion on the role of institutions and fostering the teacher of the book. I will turn to the moderator to introduce the panelist once we are on the stage. Sir herald is a distinguished finger in publishing and journalism and publisher and president of random house. And the editor of naf traveler magazine. Vice president of u. S. News report and the daily news. Currently he is editor at large for writers. You may know him as the author of the book american century. He is one of the worlds most distinguished journalist. Please welcome sir herald evans. [applause] my grandfather because reading the daily times which i was then editing and my father was a steam train driver who left school at age 11 but loved reading. He flung the paper on one side and he said isnt that amazing . That you are editing this paper and your grandfather would not have read a word of it . That was the influence of reading first from my father and then my mother who left school at 11 and went to work in a mill. This is carla hayden, there is no question, you can find all about her program you have, distinguished librarian. And when she referred to the book to that i never heard it referred to as before. She said it is a container. I have been fretting for the last 30 years about the disappearance of the book as i know it. I ran into a digital carla is the dean and here is somebody else, this is dee from publishing. He is doing coding work now. Where is jim . Is he hiding . He is there. We know what you do. I just came from durham, my university, and i had to go up there and make a speech in the cathedral but i am always reminded when i go back to durham, which is such an Important Institution in the rise of christianity, and also of the book. I want to read you one little thing here. We are going back it the 8th century. This is about 1790. In the golden gospels, many of you know it as such, and in the name of our lord jesus chris, my wife obtained these books from the army, known as the vikingsmevikings. They are incredible and from the most prosperous nation but they were barbarians so there is helpful for everybody. Moy wife was saying these books, the german army was with pure gold, and we did it for the love of god and we didnt want the holy books to be in heathen procession. In the rise of christianity and other religions the book is crucial. I want to start with it by saying everybody is terrified at the moment especially in the publi publius publishing world. How can we encourage people to read the book and does it matter whether they read the book digitally or in person. Does it matter . You mention the container. We are finding, and i am speaking from the Public Library perspective, that we are attracting more people with the pull of the digital container. In fact we just received a grant to expand, while the Publishing Industry is going through all of its challenges, a grant to provide more ebook titles and to also actually loan ereaders to the public so they can download and walk out of the library with the reader you print it . They can download it and also have the other books. We are finding it is encouraging the act of reading. I am going to come back to you. This is another expublisher here. You dont care whether it is in the books or in digits . I think as long as people are reading it doesnt matter what the work is contained in. I think the generational shift what about the beauty of the book . I love books. I dont know that the next generation will have to same experience that i grew up with in terms of the tactile experience, the physical experience, and as a professional who is concerned with getting work out i dont care as long as they are having that solitary experience with the work of a writer. It breaks my heart. I think the container is beautiful. I really love to look at a book who doesnt know who does a note at the book of everything she types. I love to look at the decisions the publisher made about if the book is going to have ragged edges. I love to watch people in bookstores touch books and have that tactile experience. I think ultimately what we get is something so deep and personal and about this kind of oneonone experience between the reader and writer that however that happens we need to encourage it. Technology is bringing us some place else and as long as we keep the artist in our fold we will be okay. In directing your energies, and continuing literacy and the preservation of all that, you dont care either whether it is physical or digital . In one sense the agency i had, and because i hate to speak exclusively as an individual, has a love affair with the printed word. We are not agnostic on how something is presented but we are publically oriented so you do everything you can to move thought into the demesne domain. We are in the Knowledge Development and diss we do Film Preserve old books, finance the writing of new books, and then try to bring the public into access to knowledge that exists. And therefore, we are very big into digitization. One of my favorite quotes is for many Young Scholars if it isnt on the internet it doesnt exist. That is a fairly awesome thought. I think we all identify with that but we also identify with what i hope is a dual circumstances that you can have a book with paper, and you can have a book that is accessed through the internet. That is almost the ideal world when you are speaking of the book. It may be the use of paper will recede but that is beyond our power. That is going to be a public choice. In terms of as a former childrens librarian i have to say and Brain Research has shown tactile and the book as the object for that container is where you are getting the earliest and most important experiences with text. That is where you find the wonderful and if you have seen children with picture books and you know that is where that type of creativity and engaging the mind that the digital is not as useful and helpful from 06. So learning and having the appreciation of the object is important. Right. Somebody gave me a replica of the naria chronicles and i would like to ask everybody here. I have five children. When i was a young man bringing up my kids i was depressed by the low level of the books that were available to children. In the end the best books we had i didnt give them mark twain or charles dickens. I gave them the classics that were no longer available. What can you do in the american establishment to reach to actually make the reading experience an excitement for children . There is the arguments of phonetics and all of this. But how can you actually get that excitement stirred in them . You have got you have to go through the phonetic stuff but when you get to the Childrens Books when with was a father, well i still am a father, but i found it frustrating. To challenge young people is terrific. I think we ought to bring back our former speaker investor. My wife is a Childrens Book writer and writes in art history. She finds it is an enormously helpful to involve the visual. At the youngest ages the great books are pictures with a few words and they get more and more sophisticated in the sense of fewer pictures and more words and that might be a step ba backwards but it is a fact of how we deal with things. I think the greatest challenge in america when you look at the statistics in crime. The kids that do not earn to read have an overwhelming factor they will spend a lot of time in jail. This is a National Challenge for all of us. The other aspect is what is relevant to kids today. You can hardly dictate relevance. But there are aspects of the iimagination that people seek out. Sometimes in the worst kind of circumstances the greatest kind of joy is soft. I saw a demonstration of this that seems really odd but it applies from another visual medium. A Nonprofit Organization gave a colony of People Living in the country of lebanon, they were refuges and in the camp, and they gave all of the kids a small, brownie automatic camera. They took pictures and they were astonished almost every picture by instinct the kids chose someone smiling or something funny. As sesame street has found there is a new world people want to visit and books are how we travel. They are the adventures of life. There is something young in the human spirit that seeks something not just exactly the same but somewhat different. I sat at the dinner table with a 4yearold and 8yearold a few weeks ago. The parents are a novelist and a poet. I was shocked to see the 4yearold spending quite a bit of time on the family ipad and reading on the ipad. And the old publishing saw is offended. How can you let this child play with this device at the table . The 8yearold is into books and high up on the book worm at school and looks down on her brother because she thinks she is more adult by reading real books. The parents said it does want matter. This is what turns him on. If it is the screen that he is playing with, if he is getting through a book from beginning to end, we dont care. When he goes to bed it is a bed time with a book. That is the rule. But at the table, it keeps him happy and occupied to read dr. Suess electronically and we are okay with that. How do you stay in the competition between that kind of book with a smile on the face and so on and the video games . Most young people i see today are doing video games. That is an issue for the parents. Not for us working in the arts, humanity and publishing. That is a parent thing. But the smaller and more efficient devices become as we grow technologically as a culture certainly the more distractions every device will have on it. Bui think, you know, you and i can look back to the Publishing Industry crying about the bcr. And oh my god it is going to ruin the industry because people have these fat things they turn into a machine and will not read. Every generation has a bugaboo, but they commit to reading because it defines us culturally. The first thing i did around the house is restock the library and the best thing we had was to tie in with the bbc was they were doing jane austen and they suggested publishing pride and prejudice again. And why dont we publish everything of hers . And we sold out. And she was rediscovered thanks to the time of the tv. It is great. Another point which i was discussing as a relationship between hollywood movies and literature recently with the show time and michael lynchs films and Michael Sheen was arguing it is okay to depart from the literal truth of the book to create a dramatic emotional moment which intrigued be. I think all librarians can attest to the power of having poplar media take a book, right after a book is on television or the movies, there is a rush of people and they use the sneak away to say if you like this, try that. The other thing ambus ambassador myers just to stop you, the libr librarian has been an asset saying this is the book for you. That is the key in terms of having someone there. I was pleased to hear the ambassador say librarians should not be defenses about reading is not optional. It is not optional. We need to just say that as librarians. When you have a many households you dont have that reading culture or people who are reading and to provide that opportunity for young people or grabbing them when they are 78 or beyond and providing an opportunity for the family to read together. We have a program called Family Reading circle using high quality picture book and the parents or caregivers share those with the young people. These are in transitional homes. All housing projects. Things like that. Most of the time the adults have very low literacy levels. But these picture books give them an opportunity to share and not be ashamed they cannot read well and it turns into a discussion about the issue. How many people par t in baltimore we have 38 literacy rates. 105 percent are barely literate. When we look at technology as a way it is nonthreatening in a sense but they are reading with these tools. Quite a few. The American Library association is strong on this issue. We have Adult Literacy very high in the country, summerland immigration, some related to aa greater amount of dyslexia than we ever imagined. And so any substantial library does have a literacy program. We run the lay just the nations largest literacy. We are two floors apart. I am very fond of his wife. [laughter] my colleague. The endowments are so different in terms of the mission but utterly complementary. To be precise the National Endowment for the arts is in the creativity. That means poetry, music, etc. And we have overlaps. Programs we both funded. The vigor of you too. Precisely the same in size. But they survive the culture wars. A fund to fight, what happens . First of all, we work together. We complement each other and complement each other in the facing off. That is, we advocate each other and have precisely the same funding level. The competition between us. Both are fair circumstances. Cancer as a whole are less wellfunded than they were 30 years ago. We picked out in 1979 on inflation, places about a 3rd of where we were in 1979. In terms of impact, we argue that we are quite vibrant. In fact, my institution, a billion word agency. We have precipitated over a billion words command that is a rather impressive circumstance. For those who dont no, the endowment in terms of literature. Gray will press in minneapolis minnesota. I know you have an international audience. In the states there is a tax designation which allows the publisher to be essentially charitable, thus it moves itself out of the commercial realm and is designated as nonprofit and doing work for the public good. Charitable contributions to do this work. They tend to be publishers, high literary fiction. Accidental nonprofit. No, but we do actually have a commitment. We fund fellowships through individual writers. We spend about a Million Dollars year every other year in either poetry or prose allowing the rider comfort to go into the commercial market knowing that they can take a lower death. That too is a wonderful thing. When someone comes out of the process of funding translation it is more likely. A National Endowment for the arts translation fellowship. We are fueling the commercial economy where writers lead from their work by supporting workshops by writers. I like to refer to as the literary ecosystem, and we are in it at some level or other. Writers will move. We will find a small house in michigan to do the digital backlist of a lot of writers who have fallen out of print because there is no value in that copyright. So we are i