By the binding force of mutual respect. And love. Now, on friday noon, i am to become a private citizen. I am proud to do so. I look forward to it. Thank you, and good night. President Lyndon Johnson delivered his final state of the Union Address to congress on january 14th, 1969, less than a week before the inauguration of his successor, republican richard nixon. The speech served as his goodbye to the American People, and as he did not give a farewell speech. President johnson spoke about what he saw as his accomplishments, including the passage of the Voting Rights act and the creation of medicare. And he expressed hope that negotiations would result in peace in vietnam. Our coverage of the 50minute address comes from cbs news. [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] my distinguished colleagues of the congress, i have the high privilege and the distinct honor, not only officially, but personally to me of presenting to you the president of the United States. [ cheers and applause ] [ applause ] [ applause ] thank you very much. Mr. Speaker, members of the congress, and my fellow americans, for the sixth and the last time i present to the congress my assessment of the state of the union. I shall speak to you tonight about challenge and opportunity, and about the commitments that all of us have made together that will, if we carry them out, give america our best chance to achieve a Great Society that we all want. Every president lives not only with what is, but with what has been, and what could be. Most of the great events in his presidency are part of a larger sequence extending back through several years, and extending back through several other administrations. Urban unrest, poverty, pressures on welfare, education of our people, Law Enforcement and law and order, the continuing crisis in the middle east, the conflict in vietnam, the dangers of nuclear war, the great difficulties of dealing with the communist powers, all have this much in common. They and their causes, the causes that gave rise to them, all of these have existed with us for many years. Several president s have already sought to try to deal with them. One or more president s will try to resolve them or try to contain them in the years that are ahead of us. But if the nations problems are continuing, so are this great nations assets. Our economy, the democratic system, our sense of exploration symbolize most recently by the wonderful flight of the apollo 8 in which all americans took great pride [ applause ] and the good common sense and sound judgment of the American People and their essential love of justice, we must not ignore our problems, but neither should we ignore our strengths. Those strengths are available to sustain a president of either party to support his progressive efforts both at home and overseas. Unfortunately, the departure of an administration does not mean the end of the problems that this administration has faced. The effort to meet the problems must go on, year after year. If the momentum that we have all mounted together in these past years is not to be lost, although the struggle for progressive change is continuous, there are times when a watershed is reached. When there is, if not really a break with the past, at least the fulfillment of many of its oldest hopes, and a stepping forth into a new environment to seek new goals. And i think the past five years have been such a time. We have finished a major part of the old agenda. Some of the laws that we wrote have already in front of our eyes taken on the flesh of achievement. Medicare that we were unable to pass for so many years is now a part of american life. [ applause ] Voting Rights in the voting booth that we debated so long back in the 50s, and the doors to Public Servants are open at last to all americans regardless of their color. [ applause ] schools and School Children all over america tonight are receiving federal assistance to go to good schools. [ applause ] and preschool education headstart is already here to stay. [ applause ] and i think so are the federal programs that tonight are keeping more than 1. 5 million of our cream of our young people in the colleges and yunts of this country. [ applause ] part of the american earth, not only in description on a map, but in the reality of our shores and our hills and our parks and our forests and our mountains has been permanently set aside for the american public. And for their benefit. [ applause ] and theres going to be more set aside before this administration ends. [ applause ] 5 million americans have been trained for jobs in youth federal programs. And i think its most important that we all realize tonight that this nation is close to full employment, with the less unemployment that weve had at any time in almost 20 years. [ applause ] and thats not in theory, thats in fact. Tonight the Unemployment Rate is down to 3. 3 . The number of jobs has grown more than 8. 5 million in the last five years. And thats more [ applause ] and thats more than in all the preseeding 12 years. [ applause ] these achievements completed the full cycle from idea to enactment. And finally, to a place in the lives of citizens all across this country. I wish it were possible to say that everything that this congress and the administration achieved during this period had already completed that cycle. But a great deal of what we need is a funding to become a tangible realization. And yet the very existence of these commitments, these promises to the American People made by this congress and by the executive branch of the government are achievements in themselves, and failure to carry through on our commitments would be a tragedy for this nation. This much is certain. No one man or group of men made these commitments alone. Congress and the executive branch with their checks and balances reasoned together and finally wrote them into the law of the land. And they now have all the moral force that the american political system can summon when it acts as one. They express americas common determination to achieve goals. They imply action. In most cases, you have already begun that action. But it is not fully completed, of course. Let me speak for a moment about these commitments. And im going to speak in the language that the congress itself spoke when it passed these measures. Im going to quote from your words. In 1966, Congress Declared that improving the quality of urban life is the most critical domestic problem facing the United States. Two years later, it affirmed the historic goal of a decent home for every american family. Thats your language. Now, to meet these commitments, we must increase our support for the Model Cities Program where blueprints have changed, or already being prepared in more than 150 american cities. To achieve the goal of the housing act of 1968 that you just passed, we should begin this year more than 500,000 homes for needy people. And funds are provided in the new budget to do just this. [ applause ] and this is almost ten times the average rate of the past ten years. Our cities and our towns are being pressed for funds to meet the needs of their growing population. So i believe an urban Development Bank should be created by the congress. This bank could obtain resources through the issuance of taxable bonds. And it could then lend these resources at reduced rates to the communities throughout the land for schools, and hospitals, and parks, and other public facilities. Since we enacted the Social Security act back in 1935, congress has recognized the necessity to make more adequate provision for aged persons and maternal and Child Welfare and public health. And thats the words of the congress. More adequate, and the time has come i think to make it more adequate. And i believe we should increase Social Security benefits. And i am so recommending that. [ applause ] there should be an overall increase in benefits of at least 13 , and those who receive only the minimum of 55 should get 80 a month. Our nation, too, is rightfully proud of our medical advances. But we should remember that our country ranks 15th among the nation in the infant mortality rate. I think we should assure decent medical care for every expectant mother and for their children during the first year of their life in the United States of america. [ applause ] i think we should protect our children and their families from the costs of catastrophic illness. [ applause ] and as we pass on from medicine, i think nothing is clearer to the congress than the commitment that the congress made to end poverty. Congress expressed it well in 1964, when they said, it is the policy of the United States to eliminate the paradox of poverty in the midst of plenty in this nation. This, the richest nation in the world. The Antipoverty Program has had many achievements. It also has some failures. But we must not cripple it after only three years of trying to solve the human problem that has been with us, and have been building up among us for generations. I believe the congress this year will want to improve the administration of the poverty program. By reorganizing the transferring of other agencies. I believe, though, it will want to continue until we have broken the back of poverty. The efforts were now making throughout this land. [ applause ] i believe, and i hope the next administration i believe they believe the key to success in this effort is jobs, is work for people who want to work. And the budget for fiscal 1970, i shall recommend a total of 3,500 million for our job training program. And thats five times as much as we spent in 1964. Trying to prepare americans where they can work to earn their own living. [ applause ] the nations commitment in the field of civil rights began with the declaration of independence. They were extended by the 13th and 14th and 15th amendments, and they have been powerfully strengthened by the enactment of three farreaching civil rights laws within the past five years that this congress in its wisdom passed. On january the 1st of this year, the Fair Housing Act of 1968 covered over 20 million American Homes and apartments. The prohibition against Racial Discrimination in that act should be remembered, and it should be vigorously enforced throughout this land. [ applause ] i believe we should also extend the vital provisions of the Voting Rights act for another five years. [ applause ] in the safe streets act of 1968, congress determined to assist state and local governments in reducing the incidence of crime. This year, im proposing that the congress provide the full 300 million that the Congress Last year authorized to do just that. [ applause ] and i hope the congress will put the money where the authorization is. [ applause ] i believe this is an essential contribution to justice and the public order in the United States. And i hope these grants can be made to the states, and they can be used effectively to reduce the crime rate in this country. But all of this is only a small part of the total effort that must be made, i think chiefly by the local governments throughout the nation. If we expect to reduce the total crime that we all de test. Frankly, as i leave the office of the presidency, one of my di failure to secure passage of a licensing and registration act for firearms. I think if we had passed that act it would have reduced the incidence of crime. I believe the congress should adopt such a law. I hope that it will in the not too distant day. In order to meet our longstanding commitment to make government as efficient as possible, i believe that we should reorganize our postal system along the lines of the capitol report. I hope we can all agree that Public Service should never impose an unreasonable financial sacrifice on able men and women who want to serve their country. So i believe that the recommendations of the commission on executive, legislative and judicial salary are generally sound. [ applause ] later this week, i shall submit a special message which i reviewed with the leadership this evening containing a proposal that has been reduced and has modified the commissions recommendation to some extent on the congressional salaries. For members of congress, i will recommend a basic compensation not of the 50,000 unanimously recommended by the Capitol Commission and the other distinguished members, but i shall reduce that 50,000 to 42,500. [ applause ] and i will suggest that congress appropriate a very small additional allowance for official expenses so that members will not be required to use their Salary Increase for essential official business. [ applause ] i would have submitted the commissions recommendations except the advice that i received from the leadership, and you usually are consulted about matters that affect the congress, was that the congress would not accept the 50,000 recommendation and if i expected my recommendation to be seriously considered i should make substantial reductions. Thats the only reason i didnt go along with the capitol report. In 1967, i recommended the congress a fair and impartial random selecting system for the draft. I submit it again tonight for your most respectful consideration. [ applause ] and i know that all of us recognize that most of the things we do to meet all of these commitments i talked about will cost money. And if we maintain the strong rate of growth that weve had in this country for the past eight years, i think we shall generate the resources that we need to meet these commitments. We have already been able to increase our support for major social programs, although weve heard a lot about not being able to do anything on the home front because of vietnam. But we have been able in the last five years to increase our commitments to such things as health and education from 30 billion in 1964 to 68 billion in the coming fiscal year. Thats more than double, and thats more than its ever been increased in the 188 years of this republic, notwithstanding vietnam. [ applause ] we must continue to budget our resources and budget them responsibly in a way that will preserve our prosperity and will strengthen our dollar. Greater revenues and the reduced federal spending required by Congress Last year have changed the budgetary picture dramatically since last january when we made our estimates. At that time, you will remember that we estimated we would have a deficit of 8 billion. Well, im glad to report to you tonight that the fiscal year ending june 30th, 1969, this june, we are going to have not a deficit, but were going to have a 2,400,000,000 surplus. [ applause ] you will receive the budget tomorrow. But the budget for the next fiscal year that begins next july the 1st that you will want to examine very carefully in days ahead, it will provide a 3,400,000,000 surplus. This budgets anticipates the extension of the surtax that congress enacted last year. I have communicated with the president elect nixon in connection with this policy, and continuing the surtax for the time being. I want to tell you that both of us want to see it removed just as soon as circumstances will permit. But the president elect has told me that he has concluded that until his administration and this congress can examine the appropriation bills and each item in the budget and can ascertain that the facts justify permitting the surtax to expire or to reduce, he, mr. Nixon, will support my recommendation that the surtax be continued. Americans, i believe, are united in the hope that the paris talks will bring an early peace to vietnam. And if our hopes on early settlement of the war are realized, then our military expenditures can be reduced and very substantial savings can be made to be used for other desirable purposes as the congress may determine. In any event, i think its imperative that we do all we responsibly can to resist inflation while maintaining our prosperity. I think all americans know that our prosperity is broad, and its deep, that its brought record profits, the highest in our history, record wages, our Gross National product has grown more in the last five years than any other period in our nations history. Our wages have been the highest. Our profits have been the best. And this prosperity has enabled millions to escape the poverty that they would have otherwise had the last few years. And i think also you will be very glad to hear that the secretary of treasury informs me tonight that in 1968, in our balance of payments, we have achieved a surplus. It appears that we have in fact done better this year than weve done in any year in this regard since the year 1957. [ applause ] the quest for durable peace as i think absolved every Administration Since the end of world war ii. It has required us to seek a limitation of arm races not only among the super powers but among the smaller nations as well. We have joined in the Test Ban Treaty of 1963. The outer space treaty of 1967. The treaty against the spread of Nuclear Weapons in 1968. And this latter agreement, the nonproliferation treaty is now pending in the senate. And its been pending there since last july. In my opinion, delay in ratifying it is not going to be helpful to the cause of peace. America took the lead in negotiating this treaty. And america should now take steps to have it approved at the earliest possible date. [ applause ] and until a way can be found to scale down the level of arms among the super powers, mankind cannot view the future without fear and great apprehension. So i believe that we should resume the talks with the soviet union about limiting offensive and defensive missile systems. And i think they would have a